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A1 adjective #600 am häufigsten 9 Min. Lesezeit

قدیم

ghadim Top 600

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At the A1 level, you should learn 'qadim' as the basic word for 'old' when talking about things. It is the opposite of 'jadid' (new). You will mostly use it to describe simple objects like books, houses, or cars. At this stage, don't worry too much about the difference between 'qadim' and 'qadimi'; just remember that 'qadim' means old. You should also learn that you cannot use this word for people. If you want to say a person is old, you must use 'pir'. Focus on simple sentences like 'This book is old' or 'That house is not old.' This helps you build the foundation of describing the world around you using basic adjectives.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'qadim' in more descriptive ways and start using its common adjective form 'qadimi'. You will learn to use it with the Ezafe construction (e.g., 'mashin-e qadimi' - the old car). You also start using the adverb 'ghadima' to talk about the past in a simple way, such as 'In the old days, people didn't have phones.' You should be able to compare two things using 'qadimi-tar' (older). For example, 'This mosque is older than that one.' You are also introduced to the idea that 'qadim' can mean 'the past' when used with prepositions like 'az' (from).

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'qadim' to describe abstract concepts like 'old traditions' (sonnat-haye qadimi) or 'old methods' (ravesh-haye qadimi). You start to distinguish between 'qadim' (historical/ancient) and 'kohne' (worn out). You will use 'qadim' in more complex sentence structures, such as 'According to old traditions, we celebrate Nowruz.' You also learn fixed expressions like 'dust-e qadim' (old friend) and understand the nostalgic tone it carries. Your vocabulary expands to include synonyms like 'sābegh' (former) to avoid overusing 'qadim' when you actually mean 'previous'.

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At the B2 level, you use 'qadim' to discuss history, culture, and social changes. You can explain the difference between 'Ancient Iran' (Iran-e qadim) and 'Modern Iran'. You understand the nuance of 'qadim' in literature and how it can refer to the 'eternal' in philosophical texts. You are expected to use the word in debates about tradition versus modernity. You also master the use of 'qadim' as a noun in phrases like 'dar qadim' (in ancient times) to set the stage for storytelling or historical analysis. You can use it to describe the 'Old World' or 'Old Testament' with confidence.

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At the C1 level, you appreciate the poetic and stylistic uses of 'qadim'. You can recognize it in classical Persian poetry (like Rumi or Hafez) where it might describe the 'primordial' or 'eternal'. You use it to discuss complex historical shifts and can use derivatives like 'qedamat' (age/seniority/antiquity). You understand the subtle social connotations of being 'adam-e qadim' (an old-school person) and can use this in nuanced social commentary. Your writing uses 'qadim' and its synonyms (dirineh, bastani, kohan) with precision to create specific atmospheres or to adhere to formal academic standards.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of the word's entire semantic field. You can discuss the etymology of 'qadim' (from the Arabic root Q-D-M) and how it has evolved in Persian. You use it in high-level academic discourse regarding archaeology, theology, or linguistics. You can effortlessly switch between 'qadim', 'kohan', and 'bastani' to suit the register of your speech or writing. You understand the philosophical implications of 'qadim' vs. 'hadis' (created/new) in Islamic philosophy. You can interpret the deepest layers of meaning in classical texts where 'qadim' represents the timeless essence of reality.

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Qadim means 'old' or 'ancient' for objects and time.
Never use qadim for a person's age; use 'pir' instead.
Qadimi is the common adjective form used in daily speech.
Ghadima is a nostalgic adverb meaning 'in the old days'.

The Persian word قدیم (pronounced 'qadim') is a fundamental adjective and noun that serves as a cornerstone for discussing time, history, and the age of objects in the Persian language. At its core, it translates to 'old' or 'ancient,' but its usage is nuanced and distinct from other words meaning 'old' in English. Unlike the English word 'old,' which can describe both an elderly person and an antique vase, قدیم is strictly reserved for objects, eras, traditions, and relationships. You would never use it to describe the biological age of a human being; for that, Persians use the word پیر (pir). Understanding قدیم is essential for any learner because it opens the door to discussing Iran's rich historical heritage, personal memories, and the contrast between tradition and modernity.

Temporal Depth: It refers to something that existed a long time ago or belongs to a past era. It suggests a sense of historical weight and endurance.
Relationship Longevity: When applied to people in the context of 'old friends' (یار قدیم), it denotes a friendship that has stood the test of time, rather than the age of the friends themselves.

این ساختمان بسیار قدیم است و تاریخچه‌ای طولانی دارد.

Translation: This building is very old and has a long history.

In everyday conversation, you will often hear the adverbial form قدیما (ghadima), which means 'in the old days' or 'formerly.' This is a nostalgic term used by Iranians to reminisce about simpler times, traditional lifestyles, or how things used to be before rapid urbanization. Whether you are browsing an antique shop in the Tehran Grand Bazaar or discussing the roots of Persian poetry, قدیم is the word that bridges the present with the vast expanse of the past. It carries a connotation of respect and value; something that is قدیم is often seen as more authentic or durable than something جدید (new).

Furthermore, the word is frequently encountered in academic and religious contexts. For instance, the 'Old Testament' is translated as عهد قدیم (Ahd-e Qadim). In philosophy, it refers to that which is eternal or has no beginning. This breadth of usage—from the casual 'old friend' to the theological 'eternal'—makes it one of the most versatile adjectives in your Persian vocabulary toolkit. As you progress, you will notice that while قدیم is the root, the form قدیمی (qadimi) is more commonly used as a simple adjective for 'old' in modern spoken Persian, whereas قدیم often functions as a noun meaning 'the past' or in specific compound phrases.

Using قدیم correctly requires an understanding of Persian syntax, specifically the Ezafe construction. The Ezafe is the short 'e' sound (or 'ye' after vowels) that links a noun to its describing adjective. However, قدیم is unique because it often appears in fixed phrases or as a noun. When you want to describe a noun as 'old' in a general sense, you typically use the derivative قدیمی (qadimi). But قدیم itself appears in powerful, evocative structures that every learner should master.

The Noun Usage: When used as a noun, it means 'the past.' Example: 'از قدیم' (az qadim) means 'from olden times' or 'since long ago.'
The Adjectival Usage: In formal or poetic Persian, it follows the noun. Example: 'دوستِ قدیم' (dust-e qadim) meaning 'old friend.'

ما از قدیم با هم همسایه بودیم.

Translation: We have been neighbors since the old days (since long ago).

One of the most common ways you will use this word is in the comparative and superlative forms. To say 'older' (for objects), you add -tar to get قدیمی‌تر. To say 'the oldest,' you add -tarin to get قدیمی‌ترین. Note that these suffixes are usually added to the 'i' form (قدیمی). For example, 'این قدیمی‌ترین کتابخانه شهر است' (This is the oldest library in the city). This demonstrates how the root قدیم acts as the base for a whole family of descriptive words.

In literary Persian, قدیم can also be used to describe God as 'The Eternal' (القدیم in an Islamic context, though usually in Arabic form, it permeates Persian thought). In your daily practice, focus on using it to contrast things. 'این ماشین جدید است، اما آن ماشین قدیم است' (This car is new, but that car is old). While 'qadimi' is more common here, using 'qadim' is grammatically acceptable in many contexts and provides a more classical tone to your speech. It is also essential for reading historical texts or signs at archaeological sites like Persepolis or the bridges of Isfahan.

If you walk through the streets of an Iranian city like Shiraz or Yazd, you will hear قدیم and its variants constantly. It is a word steeped in the atmosphere of the bazaar, the tea house, and the family living room. Iranians have a deep-seated respect for 'the old,' and this is reflected in how often they reference the past. You will hear it when people talk about the 'Old City' (بافت قدیم - baft-e qadim), which refers to the historical quarters of a city characterized by narrow alleys, mud-brick walls, and traditional windcatchers.

In the Bazaar: Shopkeepers use it to emphasize the quality of antiques or traditional crafts. 'این نقره مال قدیم است' (This silver is from the old times).
In Music and Art: Radio hosts often introduce 'آهنگ‌های قدیم' (old songs) or 'موسیقی سنتی قدیم' (ancient traditional music), evoking a sense of nostalgia.

یادش بخیر، قدیما زندگی ساده‌تر بود.

Translation: Good memories! In the old days, life was simpler.

You will also encounter قدیم in the titles of movies and books that deal with historical themes. It is a keyword in the 'nostalgia industry' in Iran, where people look back at the pre-modern or early-modern era with a mixture of longing and curiosity. When an Iranian says someone is an 'old-timer' or has 'old-school' values, they might use the phrase آدمِ قدیم (adam-e qadim), implying that the person possesses the integrity and hospitality associated with past generations.

In a more formal setting, such as a history lecture or a museum tour, قدیم is used to categorize eras. 'ایرانِ قدیم' (Ancient Iran) refers to the pre-Islamic empires like the Achaemenids and Sassanids. Therefore, the word is not just a descriptor of age but a chronological marker. Whether you are listening to a grandmother tell stories of her childhood or a scholar discussing the 'Old World,' this word provides the necessary temporal context to understand the Persian worldview.

For English speakers, the most frequent mistake when using قدیم is applying it to people's biological age. In English, we say 'My father is old,' but in Persian, saying پدرم قدیم است is grammatically incorrect and semantically confusing. It would sound like you are saying your father is an 'ancient artifact' or 'from a past era' in a very literal, non-human way. To describe a person's age, you must use پیر (pir) or the more polite مسن (mosenn).

Mistake 1: Person's Age: Incorrect: این مرد قدیم است. (This man is ancient/old). Correct: این مرد پیر است.
Mistake 2: Worn-out vs. Ancient: Using 'qadim' for something that is just 'worn out' or 'shabby.' For a tattered shirt, use 'kohne' (کهنه) instead.

کفش‌های من کهنه شده‌اند، نه قدیم.

Translation: My shoes have become worn out (kohne), not ancient (qadim).

Another nuance is the distinction between قدیم and کهنه (kohne). While both can translate to 'old,' kohne usually implies that something is old because it has been used a lot and is perhaps no longer in good condition. قدیم, on the other hand, implies historical age or belonging to a previous time period. You would have a 'qadim' rug (an antique) but 'kohne' rags (used-up cloth). Confusing these two can lead to calling something a valuable antique when you actually mean it's trash, or vice versa.

Finally, learners often forget the 'i' suffix (قدیمی) when using the word as a standard adjective in a sentence. While قدیم is the root, قدیمی is the workhorse adjective for 90% of daily situations. If you are describing a movie, a song, or a house, stick to قدیمی unless you are using a specific fixed phrase like 'از قدیم' or 'عهد قدیم'. Using the root 'qadim' where 'qadimi' is expected won't make you unintelligible, but it will mark you as a beginner who hasn't yet grasped the adjectival suffixes of Persian.

Persian is a language of synonyms, each carrying a slightly different emotional or formal weight. To truly master the concept of 'old,' you need to know when to swap قدیم for its cousins. The most common alternative is باستانی (bastani), which specifically means 'ancient' in an archaeological or historical sense. You would use bastani for the Achaemenid Empire or ancient ruins, whereas قدیم is more general.

باستانی (Bastani): Used for 'Ancient' history. Example: آثار باستانی (Ancient artifacts/monuments).
کهنه (Kohne): Used for 'Old' as in worn out, used, or second-hand. Example: لباس کهنه (Old/worn clothes).
دیرینه (Dirineh): A more literary and poetic word for 'long-standing' or 'age-old.' Example: دوستیِ دیرینه (A long-standing friendship).

تخت جمشید یک اثر باستانی است، اما این خانه فقط قدیمی است.

Translation: Persepolis is an ancient (bastani) monument, but this house is just old (qadimi).

Another interesting word is سابق (sābegh), which means 'former' or 'previous.' If you are talking about an 'old' boss or an 'old' house you used to live in, sābegh is often more precise than قدیم. For example, 'رئیس سابق' (the former boss). While قدیم focuses on the passage of time, sābegh focuses on the change in status or sequence.

Lastly, consider عتیقه (atighe), which means 'antique.' If you are describing a piece of furniture that is not just old but also valuable and collectible, atighe is the word of choice. By learning these distinctions, you move beyond basic communication and start to express yourself with the precision of a native speaker. You can distinguish between an old habit (عادت قدیمی), an ancient civilization (تمدن باستانی), and a worn-out pair of shoes (کفش کهنه).

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The same root Q-D-M gives us 'ghadam' (step) in Persian, because a step moves you 'forward' or 'in front'.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ɢæˈdiːm/

US /qæˈdim/

The stress is on the second syllable: qa-DIM.

Reimt sich auf

ندیم (nadim) تقدیم (taqdim) تصمیم (tasmim) تقسیم (taqsim) تعظیم (ta'zim) حکیم (hakim) رحیم (rahim) کریم (karim)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'Q' as a simple English 'K'.
Making the 'a' too long like 'father'.
Using a short 'i' like in 'bit' instead of a long 'ee'.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
Failing to vibrate the throat for the 'Q' sound.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 1/5

Very easy to recognize in text.

Schreiben 2/5

Simple spelling, but remember the 'i' suffix for adjectives.

Sprechen 2/5

The 'Q' sound needs practice for English speakers.

Hören 1/5

Clear and distinct sound.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

جدید کتاب خانه دوست بودن

Als Nächstes lernen

پیر باستانی کهنه تاریخ گذشته

Fortgeschritten

قدمت حادث ازلی ابدی دیرینه

Wichtige Grammatik

Ezafe with Adjectives

کتابِ قدیمی (The old book)

Comparative Suffix -tar

قدیمی‌تر (Older)

Superlative Suffix -tarin

قدیمی‌ترین (Oldest)

Adverbial Suffix -a

قدیما (Formerly)

Noun to Adjective with -i

قدیم -> قدیمی

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Beispiele nach Niveau

این کتاب قدیم است.

This book is old.

Simple subject + adjective + verb.

آن خانه قدیم نیست.

That house is not old.

Negative form of the verb 'to be'.

ماشینِ قدیم کجاست؟

Where is the old car?

Noun + Ezafe + Adjective.

من یک دوستِ قدیم دارم.

I have an old friend.

Using 'qadim' for a long-term relationship.

این بازار خیلی قدیم است.

This bazaar is very old.

Adverb 'khayli' (very) modifying the adjective.

اسمِ قدیمِ این شهر چیست؟

What is the old name of this city?

Possessive construction.

او لباسِ قدیم می‌پوشد.

He wears old clothes.

Present continuous context.

این عکسِ قدیمِ من است.

This is my old photo.

Demonstrative pronoun + noun.

قدیما مردم با اسب سفر می‌کردند.

In the old days, people used to travel by horse.

Use of 'ghadima' as a temporal adverb.

این مسجد از آن کلیسا قدیمی‌تر است.

This mosque is older than that church.

Comparative form '-tar'.

ما در یک خانه قدیمی زندگی می‌کنیم.

We live in an old house.

Adjective 'qadimi' with Ezafe.

او داستان‌های قدیم را دوست دارد.

He likes old stories.

Plural noun + adjective.

این سکه مالِ زمانِ قدیم است.

This coin belongs to old times.

Compound phrase 'zaman-e qadim'.

آیا این رادیو قدیم است؟

Is this radio old?

Question form.

پدربزرگم از قدیم اینجا بود.

My grandfather was here since long ago.

Preposition 'az' + noun 'qadim'.

تهرانِ قدیم خیلی کوچک بود.

Old Tehran was very small.

Proper noun + Ezafe + adjective.

بر اساسِ سنت‌های قدیم، ما عید را جشن می‌گیریم.

Based on old traditions, we celebrate the New Year.

Complex prepositional phrase.

این فرش دستباف و قدیمی است.

This carpet is hand-woven and old.

Connecting two adjectives with 'va'.

او هنوز به روش‌های قدیم کار می‌کند.

He still works using old methods.

Abstract use of 'qadim'.

قدیمی‌ترین درختِ جهان در ایران است.

The oldest tree in the world is in Iran.

Superlative form '-tarin'.

من و علی از قدیم با هم دوست هستیم.

Ali and I have been friends since a long time ago.

Present perfect continuous meaning in Persian.

بافتِ قدیمِ یزد بسیار زیباست.

The old texture (district) of Yazd is very beautiful.

Technical term 'baft-e qadim'.

در زمان‌های قدیم، علم کیمیا وجود داشت.

In ancient times, the science of alchemy existed.

Plural 'zaman-ha' + adjective.

این آهنگ مرا به یادِ قدیما می‌اندازد.

This song reminds me of the old days.

Idiomatic expression 'be yad andakhtan'.

تمدن‌های قدیم در کنار رودخانه‌ها شکل گرفتند.

Ancient civilizations were formed next to rivers.

Historical subject.

او در موردِ تاریخِ ایرانِ قدیم تحقیق می‌کند.

He is researching the history of Ancient Iran.

Formal academic context.

این ساختمان ترکیبی از معماری قدیم و جدید است.

This building is a combination of old and new architecture.

Contrasting antonyms.

عهدِ قدیم بخشِ اولِ کتابِ مقدس است.

The Old Testament is the first part of the Holy Book.

Religious terminology.

او یک آدمِ قدیم است و به قولش عمل می‌کند.

He is an old-school person and keeps his word.

Idiomatic use for character.

بسیاری از لغاتِ قدیم دیگر استفاده نمی‌شوند.

Many old words are no longer used.

Linguistic context.

از قدیم گفته‌اند که سحرخیز باش تا کامروا شوی.

It has been said since old times: 'Be an early riser to be successful.'

Introducing a proverb.

او به اشیاءِ قدیم و عتیقه علاقه دارد.

She is interested in old objects and antiques.

Synonym pairing.

در فلسفه، بحثِ میانِ قدیم و حادث بسیار پیچیده است.

In philosophy, the debate between the eternal and the created is very complex.

Philosophical terminology.

این نسخه خطی از قدمتِ بالایی برخوردار است.

This manuscript possesses great antiquity.

Using the noun 'qedamat'.

شاعر در این بیت به ایامِ قدیم اشاره دارد.

The poet refers to the old days in this verse.

Literary analysis.

او با نگاهی نوستالژیک به سینمای قدیم می‌نگرد.

He looks at old cinema with a nostalgic gaze.

Cultural criticism.

روابطِ دیرینه و قدیمِ دو کشور رو به بهبود است.

The long-standing and old relations between the two countries are improving.

Diplomatic register.

او از معدود کسانی است که هنوز به سبکِ قدیم می‌نویسد.

He is one of the few who still writes in the old style.

Stylistic description.

این واژه در متونِ قدیم معنای متفاوتی داشت.

This word had a different meaning in ancient texts.

Philological context.

او بر این باور است که ارزش‌های قدیم باید حفظ شوند.

He believes that old values must be preserved.

Sociological discourse.

تمایز میانِ قدیمِ ذاتی و قدیمِ زمانی در کلامِ اسلامی مطرح است.

The distinction between essential eternity and temporal eternity is raised in Islamic theology.

Advanced theological concepts.

او به بررسیِ تطبیقیِ تمدن‌های قدیمِ شرق و غرب پرداخت.

He engaged in a comparative study of ancient Eastern and Western civilizations.

Academic research register.

ساختارِ نحویِ این جمله یادآورِ زبانِ فارسیِ قدیم است.

The syntactic structure of this sentence is reminiscent of Old Persian.

Linguistic analysis.

او در رساله‌اش به مفهومِ 'زمانِ قدیم' از دیدگاهِ هایدگر می‌پردازد.

In his thesis, he addresses the concept of 'ancient time' from Heidegger's perspective.

High-level academic citation.

این اثر هنری بازآفرینیِ مدرنی از اسطوره‌های قدیم است.

This artwork is a modern recreation of ancient myths.

Art theory.

او با استناد به اسنادِ قدیم، ادعای خود را ثابت کرد.

By citing old documents, he proved his claim.

Legal/Historical evidence.

تداومِ سنت در دنیای مدرن، چالشِ اصلیِ جوامعِ قدیم است.

The continuity of tradition in the modern world is the main challenge for old societies.

Sociopolitical analysis.

او به ژرفای معناییِ واژگانِ قدیم در اشعارِ عطار پی برد.

He realized the semantic depth of old words in Attar's poems.

Mystical literary criticism.

Häufige Kollokationen

زمان قدیم

دوست قدیم

ایران قدیم

بافت قدیم

عهد قدیم

از قدیم

نسخه قدیم

شهر قدیم

رسم قدیم

کتاب قدیم

Häufige Phrasen

قدیما یادش بخیر

— Remembering the old days fondly.

قدیما یادش بخیر، چقدر خوش بودیم.

از قدیم الایام

— Since ancient times (very formal).

این سنت از قدیم الایام باقی مانده است.

به سبک قدیم

— In the old style.

او به سبک قدیم لباس می‌پوشد.

حرف‌های قدیم

— Old talk/stories from the past.

بیا حرف‌های قدیم را کنار بگذاریم.

آدمِ قدیم

— An old-school person with traditional values.

او واقعاً یک آدم قدیم است.

دنیای قدیم

— The Old World.

دنیای قدیم با دنیای امروز فرق دارد.

یار قدیم

— An old companion or lover.

سلام ای یار قدیم!

در قدیم

— In the past.

در قدیم برق وجود نداشت.

مثل قدیم

— Like the old times.

همه چیز مثل قدیم است.

قدیم ندیما

— Long, long ago (informal/folksy).

قدیم ندیما یک پادشاهی بود...

Wird oft verwechselt mit

قدیم vs پیر

Pir is for people's age; Qadim is for things/time.

قدیم vs کهنه

Kohne is worn out/shabby; Qadim is historical/ancient.

قدیم vs باستانی

Bastani is strictly for ancient history; Qadim is more general.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"نو که اومد به بازار، کهنه میشه دل‌آزار"

— When something new arrives, the old becomes annoying (often used when people are replaced).

مراقب باش، نو که اومد به بازار، کهنه میشه دل‌آزار!

Informal/Proverb

"از قدیم گفتن"

— As the old saying goes.

از قدیم گفتن، سحرخیز باش تا کامروا شوی.

Neutral

"دود از کنده بلند میشه"

— Smoke comes from the old log (meaning: old people still have wisdom/skill).

او هنوز قهرمان است؛ دود از کنده بلند میشه!

Informal

"آب در کوزه و ما تشنه‌لبان می‌گردیم"

— The water is in the jug (old/close by) and we are searching thirsty (meaning: looking far for what is already here).

چرا راه دور می‌روی؟ آب در کوزه است.

Poetic

"قدیمی شدن"

— To become outdated or old-fashioned.

این مدل گوشی دیگر قدیمی شده است.

Neutral

"خاکِ قدیم"

— Old soil (referring to roots or ancestry).

او از خاکِ قدیمِ این محله است.

Literary

"عهدِ بوق"

— The age of the horn (meaning: extremely ancient/outdated).

این ماشین مالِ عهدِ بوق است!

Slang

"استخوان‌خردکرده"

— One who has crushed bones (meaning: a veteran or expert from the old days).

او در این کار استخوان‌خردکرده است.

Informal

"پیرِ دیر"

— The elder of the monastery (meaning: a wise old spiritual guide).

او پیرِ دیرِ ماست.

Poetic

"قدیم‌الخدمت"

— Senior in service/veteran.

او از کارمندانِ قدیم‌الخدمت است.

Formal

Leicht verwechselbar

قدیم vs پیر

Both mean 'old' in English.

Pir is biological age (humans/animals). Qadim is chronological age (objects/time).

پدربزرگ پیر است، اما خانه قدیم است.

قدیم vs کهنه

Both describe old objects.

Kohne implies use and decay. Qadim implies history and era.

این پیراهن کهنه است (trash). این فرش قدیم است (valuable).

قدیم vs سابق

Both can mean 'former'.

Sābegh refers to a previous role or position. Qadim refers to a long duration.

رئیس سابق (former boss). دوست قدیم (friend for a long time).

Satzmuster

[Noun] [Adjective] ast.

این میز قدیم است.

Dar zaman-e qadim [Sentence].

در زمان قدیم موبایل نبود.

Az qadim [Sentence].

از قدیم این رسم بود.

[Noun]-e qadimi-tar az [Noun] ast.

این فرش قدیمی‌تر از آن است.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

قدمت (antiquity)

قدما (the ancients)

تقدیم (presentation/offering)

Verben

قدیمی شدن (to become old)

قدمت داشتن (to have antiquity)

Adjektive

قدیمی (old)

قدیم (ancient)

اقدم (oldest/most senior)

Verwandt

تاریخ (history)

باستان (ancient times)

گذشته (past)

عتیقه (antique)

کهنه (worn)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Extremely high in daily speech and literature.

Häufige Fehler

Using qadim for people. → Use 'pir'.
Qadim is for objects and time only.
Forgetting the Ezafe. → کتابِ قدیمی
Adjectives need the 'e' sound to link to nouns.

Tipps

The 'i' Suffix

Always add 'i' to make it a general adjective: 'mashin-e qadimi'.

Antonym

The opposite of qadim is jadid (new).

Nostalgia

Iranians love 'ghadima'. Use it to build rapport.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Qadim' as 'Quaint and Dim'. Old things are often quaint and found in dimly lit antique shops.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a dusty, ancient key (Qadim Key) that opens a door to the past.

Word Web

Ancient Old Past History Antique Former Traditional Elder

Herausforderung

Try to find three things in your room that are 'qadim' and label them in Persian.

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Arabic root Q-D-M (ق-د-م), which relates to 'preceding', 'coming before', or 'front'. In Arabic, 'qadim' means old or ancient.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: That which comes before in time; the preceding.

Semitic root adopted into Indo-European Persian.

Kultureller Kontext

Never use 'qadim' for an elderly person; it can be seen as dehumanizing or simply very weird.

In English, 'old' is neutral. In Persian, 'qadim' often carries a warm, respectful, or nostalgic weight.

The Old Testament (Ahd-e Qadim) Tehran-e Qadim (Famous book/concept) Music of Golha (Old traditional music)

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

History Class

ایران قدیم
تمدن قدیم
پادشاهان قدیم
آثار قدیم

Antique Shopping

این قدیم است؟
مال چه زمانی است؟
قیمت این عتیقه چند است؟
خیلی قدیمی است

Family Stories

قدیما یادش بخیر
در زمان ما
وقتی من بچه بودم
داستان‌های قدیم

City Tours

بافت قدیم شهر
محله قدیم
ساختمان‌های قدیمی
کوچه‌های قدیم

Music/Art

آهنگ‌های قدیم
سبک قدیم
هنر قدیم
خواننده‌های قدیمی

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا شما به اشیاء قدیم علاقه دارید؟ (Are you interested in old objects?)"

"بافت قدیم این شهر کجاست؟ (Where is the old district of this city?)"

"بهترین خاطره شما از قدیما چیست؟ (What is your best memory from the old days?)"

"آیا این ساختمان قدیم است یا جدید؟ (Is this building old or new?)"

"دوست قدیم شما الان کجاست؟ (Where is your old friend now?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

در مورد یک وسیله قدیم که در خانه دارید بنویسید. (Write about an old object you have at home.)

تفاوت زندگی امروز با قدیما چیست؟ (What is the difference between life today and the old days?)

چرا مردم به آثار قدیم علاقه دارند؟ (Why are people interested in old monuments?)

یک داستان در مورد زمان قدیم بنویسید. (Write a story about ancient times.)

آیا دوست دارید در زمان قدیم زندگی می‌کردید؟ چرا؟ (Would you like to have lived in the old times? Why?)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

5 Fragen

No, that is incorrect. You should say 'pedaram pir ast' or 'pedaram mosenn ast'.

Qadim is the root (noun/adjective). Qadimi is the standard adjective form used in most sentences.

Yes, it is neutral and often carries a respectful or nostalgic connotation.

You can say 'ghadima' or 'dar zaman-e qadim'.

Yes, it comes from the Arabic root Q-D-M.

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