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A2 noun #4,000 am häufigsten 9 Min. Lesezeit

کراوات

keravat Top 4,000

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Erklärung کراوات in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'kerāvāt' means 'necktie'. It is a noun. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'This is a tie' (In yek kerāvāt ast) or 'I have a tie' (Man kerāvāt dāram). Think of it as a basic object you might see in a clothing store. The word is easy to remember because it sounds like the English word 'cravat'. You don't need to worry about the complex politics of ties yet; just focus on identifying the object in a picture or a shop window. You might hear it when talking about colors, like 'kerāvāt-e ābi' (blue tie).

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At the A2 level, you should start using verbs with 'kerāvāt'. The most important verbs are 'bastan' (to tie) and 'zadan' (to wear/put on). You can say 'Man balad nistam kerāvāt bebandam' (I don't know how to tie a tie). You should also be able to describe the tie using simple adjectives like 'ghermaz' (red), 'boland' (long), or 'ghashang' (beautiful). You might use it in the context of getting ready for a party or a wedding. For example, 'Barāye mehmani kerāvāt mizani?' (Are you wearing a tie for the party?). You are starting to see it as part of an outfit, usually with 'kot o shalvār' (suit).

By B1, you can discuss the appropriateness of wearing a tie in different situations. You can use more complex sentences like 'If I wear a tie, I will look more professional.' (Agar kerāvāt bezanam, herfe-i tar be nazar miresam). You should also know related accessories like 'sanjāgh-e kerāvāt' (tie clip). At this level, you can understand simple stories or news items where someone is described by their clothing. You might also start to notice that in Iran, some people wear ties and others don't, and you can ask simple questions about this cultural difference. You can also describe patterns, like 'rāhrāh' (striped).

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At the B2 level, you should be aware of the cultural and historical nuances of the word 'kerāvāt' in Iran. You can explain why a government official might not wear one, using words like 'namād' (symbol) and 'farhang-e gharb' (Western culture). You can participate in a debate about formal dress codes. Your vocabulary should include specific terms like 'gereh-e kerāvāt' (tie knot) and 'kerāvāt-e abrishi' (silk tie). You can use the word in the passive voice or in more complex grammatical structures, such as 'He was criticized for wearing a tie' (U barāye zadan-e kerāvāt mored-e enteghād gharār gereft).

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At C1, you use 'kerāvāt' fluently in any context, including fashion critiques or historical discussions. You understand the subtle social signals a tie sends in Persian society. You can use it in idiomatic ways or understand it in literature and film where it might be used metaphorically to represent a certain class or ideology. You are comfortable with all technical aspects of the word, including its French etymology and its phonological adaptation into Persian. You can discuss the evolution of Iranian fashion from the Qajar period to the present day, using 'kerāvāt' as a key marker of change.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of the word's socio-political history. You can write essays or give presentations on the 'politics of the necktie' in post-revolutionary Iran. You understand the deepest levels of irony or sarcasm related to the word in Persian media. You can distinguish between different registers of speech—from the technical language of a fashion designer to the colloquial banter of friends at a wedding. You can analyze how the word 'kerāvāt' functions in Persian poetry or modern prose as a symbol of modernity, alienation, or elegance, depending on the author's intent.

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کراوات in 30 Sekunden

A necktie worn for formal occasions.
Loanword from French 'cravate'.
Used with verbs 'bastan' (to tie) and 'zadan' (to wear).
Carries cultural and political significance in Iran.

The word کراوات (kerāvāt) is a direct loanword from the French 'cravate', which in turn traces its history back to the Croatian mercenaries serving in France during the 17th century. In modern Persian, it refers specifically to the necktie—a long piece of cloth worn for decorative purposes around the neck, resting under the shirt collar and knotted at the throat. While the item itself is a global symbol of formal attire, its use in the Persian-speaking world, particularly in Iran, carries a unique set of cultural and social connotations that have evolved significantly over the last century.

Formal Context: Typically worn at weddings, high-end parties, and by some professionals in private sectors. It signifies a high level of formality and respect for the occasion.

Historically, during the Pahlavi era, the kerāvāt was a standard component of the bureaucratic and middle-class uniform, symbolizing modernization and Westernization. However, following the 1979 Revolution, the necktie's status shifted. It began to be viewed by the new establishment as a symbol of Western cultural imperialism or 'Westoxification' (Gharbzadegi). Consequently, you will rarely see high-ranking Iranian government officials or state television anchors wearing one. Instead, they often opt for the 'diplomat collar' (Yaghe-ye Diplomāt) or 'akhund style' shirts without ties. Despite this, among the general populace, the kerāvāt remains immensely popular for personal celebrations, particularly weddings, where the groom and male guests almost universally don them to show elegance.

داماد یک کراوات ابریشمی قرمز بسته بود.

Translation: The groom was wearing a red silk necktie.

Material and Variety: Persian speakers distinguish between different styles, such as 'kerāvāt-e bārik' (skinny tie) and 'kerāvāt-e pahn' (wide tie), often made of silk (abrisham) or polyester.

In terms of linguistics, the word is treated as a simple noun. It is often paired with the verb بستن (bastan - to tie) or زدن (zadan - to hit/put on) to describe the act of wearing one. Interestingly, even though the word is French in origin, its pronunciation in Persian has been localized to /kerāvāt/, with a distinct emphasis on the long 'ā' sounds. For an English speaker, the concept is identical, but the social weight of choosing to wear one in Tehran versus London is palpably different.

او همیشه برای جلسات کاری کراوات می‌زند.

Translation: He always wears a tie for business meetings.

Using the word کراوات correctly involves understanding the specific verbs that accompany it. In English, we simply 'wear' a tie, but in Persian, the verbs used provide more nuance about the action being performed. The most common verb is bastan (to tie), which refers to the actual mechanical act of knotting the fabric. Another very common colloquial verb is zadan (to hit/apply), which is used more generally for 'putting on' or 'wearing' an accessory.

The Verb 'Bastan' (To Tie): Example: 'Man balad nistam kerāvāt bebandam' (I don't know how to tie a tie). This focuses on the skill of the knot.

When describing the physical appearance of the tie, Persian uses adjectives after the noun, following the standard Ezafe construction. For instance, 'kerāvāt-e roushan' (a light-colored tie) or 'kerāvāt-e tish' (a sharp/stylish tie). If you want to describe someone who is currently wearing a tie, you might use the past participle form: 'u kerāvāt-zade ast' (he is tie-wearing/has a tie on).

آیا می‌توانی به من کمک کنی تا این کراوات را ببندم؟

Translation: Can you help me tie this tie?

In more formal or literary contexts, you might encounter the word poushidan (to wear), but this is less common for ties than for larger garments like suits or coats. If you are at a tailor (khayyāt), you might hear discussions about the length (ghad) or width (pahnā) of the kerāvāt. Because it is a count noun, its plural is kerāvāt-hā, though in collective contexts, the singular is often used.

Common Adjectives: Kerāvāt-e rāhrāh (striped tie), Kerāvāt-e khālk-khāli (polka-dot tie), Kerāvāt-e sād-e (plain tie).

او برای مصاحبه شغلی، یک کت و شلوار با کراوات مشکی انتخاب کرد.

Translation: For the job interview, he chose a suit with a black tie.

The auditory landscape of the word کراوات is quite specific. You are most likely to hear it in urban centers like Tehran, Shiraz, or Isfahan, particularly within the middle and upper-middle-class social circles. In a bustling bazaar, you might hear a shopkeeper shouting about 'kerāvāt-hā-ye jadid' (new ties) to attract customers looking for wedding attire. At a dry cleaner (khoshk-shouyi), you might hear a customer asking, 'In kerāvāt rā ham tamiz mikonid?' (Do you also clean this tie?).

Cinematic and Media Contexts: In Iranian cinema, a character wearing a tie often signals their social status, profession (like a lawyer or doctor in a private clinic), or their ideological leaning towards a more secular or Westernized lifestyle.

In television dramas set in the pre-revolutionary era (like the famous series 'Shahrzad'), the word kerāvāt is ubiquitous as it reflects the standard fashion of the 1950s and 60s. In modern news reports from international outlets like BBC Persian or VOA Persian, the word is used when describing the attire of foreign dignitaries or when discussing global fashion trends. Conversely, on domestic Iranian state TV (IRIB), you might only hear the word in a historical or critical context, or perhaps in a comedy where a character is trying to look 'overly fancy' for a humorous effect.

پدربزرگم همیشه می‌گفت که یک مرد واقعی باید بلد باشد کراوات ببندد.

Translation: My grandfather always said a real man should know how to tie a tie.

You will also hear it in shopping malls (marākez-e kharid). High-end boutiques in North Tehran display ties from international brands, and sales assistants will use the term frequently when suggesting matches for a suit. Interestingly, in the diaspora communities in Los Angeles or London, the word is used without any political baggage, simply as a standard item of clothing. In these contexts, you might hear younger generations mixing it with English: 'In kerāvāt kheyli cool-e' (This tie is very cool).

در ویترین مغازه، چندین کراوات با طرح‌های سنتی ایرانی دیده می‌شد.

Translation: In the shop window, several ties with traditional Iranian patterns were visible.

For English speakers learning Persian, the most common mistake with کراوات isn't the word itself, but the grammatical structures surrounding it. One frequent error is using the wrong verb. While English uses 'wear' for everything, Persian learners often default to poushidan (to wear clothes), which sounds a bit unnatural for a tie. Instead, one should use zadan or bastan. Saying 'Man kerāvāt mipousham' isn't technically wrong, but 'Man kerāvāt mizanam' is much more idiomatic.

Pronunciation Pitfall: Do not pronounce it like the English 'cravat' (/krəˈvæt/). In Persian, the first syllable has a short 'e' (/ke/) and the 'r' is a light tap, followed by two long 'ā' sounds (/ker-ā-vāt/).

Another mistake involves the Ezafe construction. Beginners often forget to add the 'e' sound when describing the tie with an adjective. For example, saying 'kerāvāt ghermez' instead of 'kerāvāt-e ghermez' (red tie). Additionally, confusion sometimes arises between kerāvāt and pāpiyon (bow tie). While they are both neckwear, they are never used interchangeably in Persian. If you call a bow tie a kerāvāt, people will certainly correct you.

اشتباه: من کراوات قرمز پوشیدم. (بهتر است بگوییم: زدم)

Note: Using 'poushidan' is less common than 'zadan' for ties.

Furthermore, there is a cultural nuance to avoid. In very traditional or religious settings in Iran, wearing a tie might be seen as slightly out of place or 'too Western'. While not a linguistic mistake, it is a social 'mistake' to wear a kerāvāt to a mosque or a traditional mourning ceremony (He'yat). Understanding the context is just as important as knowing the vocabulary. Finally, don't confuse kerāvāt with dastmāl-e gardan (neck scarf/ascot). The latter is much less formal and worn differently.

او به جای کراوات، یک پاپیون مشکی بسته بود.

Translation: Instead of a tie, he had tied a black bow tie.

While کراوات is the standard term for a necktie, there are several related words in the Persian fashion lexicon that you should know to be truly proficient. These alternatives vary based on the style of the neckwear and the level of formality. Understanding these differences will help you describe men's fashion more accurately in Persian.

پاپیون (Pāpiyon): Derived from the French 'papillon' (butterfly), this refers to a bow tie. It is considered even more formal than a necktie and is almost exclusively reserved for black-tie events or specific artistic professions.
دستمال گردن (Dastmāl-e Gardan): Literally 'neck handkerchief'. This refers to a cravat, an ascot, or a casual neck scarf. It is often worn inside the collar of a shirt for a more bohemian or relaxed-yet-sophisticated look.

In terms of the 'knot', the word گره (gereh) is used. You might talk about a 'gereh-e kerāvāt' (tie knot). There are different types of knots known in Iran, though they often use the English/French names like 'Windsor'. Another related term is سنجاق کراوات (sanjāgh-e kerāvāt), which refers to a tie clip or tie pin, an essential accessory for a complete formal look.

امروز به جای کراوات، از دستمال گردن استفاده کردم.

Translation: Today, instead of a tie, I used a neck scarf.

If you want to talk about the 'collar' where the tie sits, the word is یقه (yaghe). As mentioned before, the 'Yaghe-ye Diplomāt' is the main alternative to the 'suit and tie' look in official Iranian circles. This is a mandarin-style collar that doesn't require a tie. Understanding the contrast between a 'Yaghe-ye Englisi' (English collar, which takes a tie) and a 'Yaghe-ye Diplomāt' is key to understanding Iranian male fashion politics.

او یک کراوات ابریشمی را با یک سنجاق طلایی ست کرد.

Translation: He paired a silk tie with a gold tie pin.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The necktie was originally a military accessory. In Iran, it became a symbol of political divide after the 1979 revolution, making it one of the most 'political' items of clothing in the world.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /kɛ.rɑː.vɑːt/

US /kɛ.rɑ.vɑt/

The stress is typically on the final syllable: kerāVĀT.

Reimt sich auf

سوغات (Soghāt) حیات (Hayāt) نبات (Nabāt) ثبات (Sobāt) وفات (Vafāt) صفات (Sefāt) ذات (Zāt) مات (Māt)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing it like English 'cravat' (/krəˈvæt/).
Softening the 'v' into a 'w'.
Shortening the long 'ā' sounds.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Omitting the 'e' sound in the first syllable (krāvāt).

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 2/5

Easy to recognize due to its similarity to 'cravat'.

Schreiben 3/5

Requires remembering the 'v' and 't' (te-ye dasta-dar is NOT used, it's the normal 't').

Sprechen 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once you master the long vowels.

Hören 2/5

Distinct sound, usually easy to pick out in conversation.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

لباس (Clothes) مرد (Man) گردن (Neck) بستن (To tie) رنگ (Color)

Als Nächstes lernen

کت و شلوار (Suit) پاپیون (Bow tie) یقه (Collar) آستین (Sleeve) دکمه (Button)

Fortgeschritten

غرب‌زدگی (Westoxification) تشریفات (Formalities) اتوکشیده (Well-groomed/Ironed) مد و فشن (Fashion)

Wichtige Grammatik

Ezafe Construction

کراواتِ من (My tie)

Compound Verbs

کراوات زدن (To wear a tie)

Pluralization with -hā

کراوات‌ها (Ties)

Adjective placement

کراواتِ آبی (Blue tie)

Subjunctive with 'tavānestan'

می‌توانم کراوات ببندم (I can tie a tie)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

این کراوات آبی است.

This tie is blue.

Simple noun-adjective agreement with Ezafe.

من یک کراوات دارم.

I have a tie.

Use of the verb 'dāshtan' (to have).

کراوات کجاست؟

Where is the tie?

Basic question structure.

آن کراوات گران است.

That tie is expensive.

Using 'ān' (that) and 'gerān' (expensive).

پدرم کراوات دارد.

My father has a tie.

Possessive structure.

یک کراوات زیبا بخرید.

Buy a beautiful tie.

Imperative mood.

او کراوات نمی‌خواهد.

He doesn't want a tie.

Negative form of 'khāstan'.

کراوات روی میز است.

The tie is on the table.

Preposition 'ru-ye' (on).

او همیشه کراوات می‌زند.

He always wears a tie.

Habitual present tense with 'zadan'.

آیا می‌توانی کراوات ببندی؟

Can you tie a tie?

Modal verb 'tavānestan' with subjunctive.

من برای عروسی کراوات خریدم.

I bought a tie for the wedding.

Past tense of 'kharidan'.

این کراوات با پیراهن من ست نیست.

This tie doesn't match my shirt.

Using 'set' (match) in a sentence.

او کراواتش را باز کرد.

He untied his tie.

Past tense of 'bāz kardan'.

کراوات مشکی خیلی شیک است.

A black tie is very stylish.

Adjective 'shik' (stylish).

من باید یک کراوات جدید بخرم.

I must buy a new tie.

Using 'bāyad' (must).

او بدون کراوات به مهمانی آمد.

He came to the party without a tie.

Preposition 'bedun-e' (without).

اگر کراوات بزنی، جدی‌تر به نظر می‌رسی.

If you wear a tie, you'll look more serious.

Conditional sentence type 1.

او ترجیح می‌دهد به جای کراوات، پاپیون ببندد.

He prefers to wear a bow tie instead of a tie.

Using 'tarjih dādan' (to prefer).

بستن کراوات برای من خیلی سخت است.

Tying a tie is very difficult for me.

Gerund/Infinitive as a subject.

او کراواتی را انتخاب کرد که به کت آبی‌اش می‌آمد.

He chose a tie that suited his blue suit.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

در این شرکت، زدن کراوات اجباری نیست.

In this company, wearing a tie is not mandatory.

Adjective 'ejbāri' (mandatory).

او با دقت گره کراواتش را تنظیم کرد.

He carefully adjusted his tie knot.

Adverbial phrase 'bā deghat'.

کراوات‌های ابریشمی معمولاً گران‌تر هستند.

Silk ties are usually more expensive.

Comparative adjective 'gerān-tar'.

او همیشه یک سنجاق کراوات نقره‌ای می‌زند.

He always wears a silver tie pin.

Compound noun 'sanjāgh-e kerāvāt'.

او با وجود گرمای هوا، کراواتش را باز نکرد.

Despite the heat, he didn't untie his tie.

Conjunction 'bā vojud-e' (despite).

کراوات در برخی فرهنگ‌ها نماد قدرت و حرفه‌ای بودن است.

In some cultures, the tie is a symbol of power and professionalism.

Abstract noun 'namād' (symbol).

او از اینکه مجبور بود کراوات بزند، ناراضی بود.

He was unhappy about being forced to wear a tie.

Subordinate clause with 'az inke'.

طرح‌های روی این کراوات الهام‌گرفته از هنر سنتی است.

The patterns on this tie are inspired by traditional art.

Compound adjective 'elhām-gerefte'.

او کراوات را به عنوان هدیه‌ای برای روز پدر خرید.

She bought the tie as a gift for Father's Day.

Prepositional phrase 'be onvān-e' (as).

بسیاری از سیاستمداران ایرانی از زدن کراوات خودداری می‌کنند.

Many Iranian politicians refrain from wearing a tie.

Verb 'khoddāri kardan' (to refrain).

او با یک کراوات قرمز، به لباس‌های تیره‌اش رنگ بخشید.

He added color to his dark clothes with a red tie.

Metaphorical use of 'rang bakhshidan'.

این کراوات قدیمی یادگار پدربزرگم است.

This old tie is a memento from my grandfather.

Noun 'yādegār' (memento/keepsake).

کراوات او به طور بی‌نقصی با رنگ پیراهنش هماهنگ شده بود.

His tie was perfectly coordinated with the color of his shirt.

Adverb 'be tour-e bi-naghs' (perfectly).

او معتقد است که کراوات، وقار خاصی به ظاهر مرد می‌بخشد.

He believes that a tie gives a certain dignity to a man's appearance.

Noun 'veghār' (dignity).

در طول تاریخ، کراوات دستخوش تغییرات مد بسیاری شده است.

Throughout history, the tie has undergone many fashion changes.

Idiomatic phrase 'dastkhosh-e taghyirāt shodan'.

او با بی‌میلی کراواتش را سفت کرد و وارد اتاق شد.

Reluctantly, he tightened his tie and entered the room.

Adverb 'bā bi-meyli' (reluctantly).

ظرافت گره کراوات او نشان‌دهنده دقت و نظم او بود.

The elegance of his tie knot indicated his precision and discipline.

Noun 'zarāfat' (elegance/subtlety).

او در مقاله‌اش به بررسی جایگاه کراوات در جامعه مدرن پرداخت.

In his article, he examined the place of the tie in modern society.

Verb 'be barrasi pardākhtan' (to examine/deal with).

برخی کراوات را نمادی از قید و بندهای اجتماعی می‌دانند.

Some consider the tie a symbol of social constraints.

Compound noun 'gheyd o band' (constraints/shackles).

او با انتخاب یک کراوات غیرمتعارف، سعی کرد تمایز خود را نشان دهد.

By choosing an unconventional tie, he tried to show his distinctiveness.

Adjective 'gheyr-e motāref' (unconventional).

جدال بر سر پوشیدن یا نپوشیدن کراوات در ایران، ریشه‌های عمیق ایدئولوژیک دارد.

The conflict over wearing or not wearing a tie in Iran has deep ideological roots.

Complex subject with 'jedāl bar sar-e'.

او با مهارتی ستودنی، پیچیده‌ترین گره‌های کراوات را اجرا می‌کرد.

With commendable skill, he executed the most complex tie knots.

Adjective 'sotudani' (commendable).

کراوات در این رمان، به عنوان استعاره‌ای از هویت دوگانه شخصیت اصلی به کار رفته است.

In this novel, the tie is used as a metaphor for the main character's dual identity.

Noun 'este-āre' (metaphor).

او با ظرافتی وسواس‌گونه، طول کراواتش را تا لبه کمربندش تنظیم کرد.

With obsessive delicacy, he adjusted the length of his tie to the edge of his belt.

Adverbial phrase 'bā zarāfati vasvās-gune'.

تحول جایگاه کراوات در ایران پس از انقلاب، آیینه‌ای از تغییرات کلان فرهنگی است.

The evolution of the tie's status in post-revolutionary Iran is a mirror of macro-cultural changes.

Metaphorical use of 'āyine' (mirror).

او در سخنرانی‌اش به نقد کلیشه‌های مرتبط با زدن کراوات در محیط‌های آکادمیک پرداخت.

In his speech, he criticized the stereotypes associated with wearing a tie in academic environments.

Noun 'kelishe' (stereotype).

کراوات ابریشمی او در زیر نور ملایم تالار، جلای خاصی داشت.

His silk tie had a special luster under the soft light of the hall.

Noun 'jalā' (luster/shine).

او با نگاهی تحقیرآمیز به کراوات کج و معوج همکارش نگریست.

He looked at his colleague's crooked tie with a disdainful glance.

Adjective 'kaj o mo-avvaj' (crooked/distorted).

Häufige Kollokationen

بستن کراوات

زدن کراوات

گره کراوات

سنجاق کراوات

کراوات ابریشمی

کراوات راه‌راه

کراوات باریک

باز کردن کراوات

ست کردن کراوات

کراوات مشکی

Häufige Phrasen

کت و شلوار و کراوات

— Full formal suit and tie.

او با کت و شلوار و کراوات آمد.

کراوات زدن به کسی

— To put a tie on someone else.

مادر برای پسرش کراوات زد.

بدون کراوات

— Without a tie (casual/specific style).

او بدون کراوات راحت‌تر است.

کراوات پهن

— Wide tie (often vintage).

در دهه هفتاد کراوات پهن مد بود.

کراوات تیره

— Dark tie.

کراوات تیره رسمی‌تر است.

آموزش بستن کراوات

— How to tie a tie tutorial.

او ویدئوی آموزش بستن کراوات را دید.

کراوات گل‌دار

— Floral tie.

او کراوات گل‌دار دوست دارد.

کراوات شیک

— Stylish tie.

چه کراوات شیکی!

کراوات قرمز

— Red tie (power tie).

او برای سخنرانی کراوات قرمز زد.

یک جعبه کراوات

— A box of ties.

او یک جعبه کراوات هدیه گرفت.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

کراوات vs پاپیون

A bow tie is not a kerāvāt.

کراوات vs شال گردن

A winter scarf is not a kerāvāt.

کراوات vs دستمال گردن

A cravat/ascot is a different style.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"کراوات زدن (Metaphorical)"

— To dress up formally to impress.

برای این جلسه باید کراوات بزنی (You need to look your best).

Informal

"کراواتش را سفت کردن"

— To get ready for a serious task or battle.

کراواتش را سفت کرد و وارد مذاکره شد.

Neutral

"مرد کراواتی"

— A man who looks formal, professional, or Westernized (sometimes used slightly mockingly).

او یک مرد کراواتی و اتوکشیده است.

Neutral/Informal

"کراوات باز کردن (Metaphorical)"

— To relax or let one's guard down after a formal event.

بالاخره کراواتش را باز کرد و خندید.

Informal

"کراوات به گردن انداختن"

— To force someone into a formal role (rarely used).

او را مجبور کردند کراوات به گردن بیندازد.

Literary

"شیک و کراواتی"

— Dressed to the nines.

همه مهمان‌ها شیک و کراواتی بودند.

Informal

"کراوات زدن به دیوار"

— To waste formal effort on something useless (Slang/Very rare).

انگار به دیوار کراوات زده‌ای.

Slang

"گره کور کراوات"

— A very difficult problem (derived from tie knots).

این مشکل مثل گره کور کراوات است.

Informal

"کراوات اتو خورده"

— A perfectly pressed tie, implying a very neat person.

او همیشه با کراوات اتو خورده می‌آید.

Neutral

"دنیای کراواتی‌ها"

— The world of high business or elite society.

او می‌خواست وارد دنیای کراواتی‌ها شود.

Informal

Leicht verwechselbar

کراوات vs کاروان

Similar sound (Kārvān).

Kārvān means caravan; Kerāvāt means tie.

کاروان در جاده است vs کراوات در کمد است.

کراوات vs کرامت

Similar start (Kerāmat).

Kerāmat means dignity/generosity.

او با کرامت است vs او با کراوات است.

کراوات vs کرات

Similar spelling.

Korrāt means spheres/planets.

اجرام کروی vs کراوات ابریشمی.

کراوات vs کاوات

Missing 'r'.

Not a word in Persian.

Correct: کراوات.

کراوات vs کوات

Similar sound.

Not a common word.

Correct: کراوات.

Satzmuster

این [اسم] است.

این کراوات است.

من [اسم] [فعل].

من کراوات می‌زنم.

اگر [جمله]، [جمله].

اگر کراوات ببندی، خوش‌تیپ می‌شوی.

با اینکه [جمله]، اما [اسم] زد.

با اینکه هوا گرم بود، اما کراوات زد.

[اسم] نشان‌دهنده [مفهوم] است.

کراوات نشان‌دهنده شخصیت اوست.

بررسی [اسم] در [بستر]...

بررسی جایگاه کراوات در تاریخ معاصر...

آیا [اسم] داری؟

آیا کراوات داری؟

او [صفت] است چون [اسم] دارد.

او رسمی است چون کراوات دارد.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

کراوات (Necktie)

کراوات‌فروشی (Tie shop)

کراوات‌ساز (Tie maker)

Verben

کراوات زدن (To wear a tie)

کراوات بستن (To tie a tie)

Adjektive

کراواتی (Someone who wears a tie; formal/Westernized)

Verwandt

کت و شلوار (Suit)

پیراهن (Shirt)

یقه (Collar)

پاپیون (Bow tie)

سنجاق (Pin)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Common in urban areas and formal events.

Häufige Fehler

Using 'krāvāt' without the first 'e'. → Kerāvāt
Persian usually adds a short vowel to break up initial consonant clusters in loanwords.
Saying 'kerāvāt ghermez'. → Kerāvāt-e ghermez
You must use the Ezafe (-e) to connect the noun and the adjective.
Using 'poushidan' as the primary verb. → Zadan / Bastan
'Zadan' is more idiomatic for accessories like ties.
Confusing 'kerāvāt' with 'pāpiyon'. → Use 'pāpiyon' for bow ties.
They are distinct items in Persian fashion.
Pronouncing 'v' as 'w'. → Clear 'v' sound.
Persian has a distinct 'v' sound, unlike some neighboring languages.

Tipps

Verb Choice

Always prefer 'zadan' for 'wearing' a tie in casual conversation. It sounds more native.

Wedding Etiquette

If you attend a Persian wedding, don't be afraid to wear your best tie. It's a sign of respect.

Patterns

Learn 'rāhrāh' (striped) and 'khālk-khāli' (polka-dot) to describe ties better.

Long Vowels

The 'ā' in Persian is like the 'a' in 'father'. Don't make it short like 'cat'.

Asking Price

Say 'In kerāvāt chande?' to ask for the price in a shop.

Matching

Use the word 'set kardan' to talk about matching your tie with your suit.

Origin

Remember it's French to help you remember the spelling and sound.

Spelling

The 'v' is written with the letter 'vāv' (و).

Compliments

Saying 'che kerāvāt-e ghashangi!' is a great icebreaker.

Knot Neatness

In Persian culture, a messy tie knot can be seen as a sign of being disorganized.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Imagine a 'CREW' on a 'VAT' (ship) all wearing 'CRAVATS'. Kerā-vāt.

Visuelle Assoziation

Visualize a man in a tuxedo but instead of a tie, he has a giant French flag around his neck (to remember the French origin).

Word Web

Fashion Wedding Formal French Knot Silk Suit Collar

Herausforderung

Try to find 3 photos of Iranian celebrities from before 1979 and 3 from after, and see who is wearing a 'kerāvāt'.

Wortherkunft

Borrowed from the French word 'cravate' in the 19th or early 20th century during the modernization of the Iranian military and bureaucracy.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The French 'cravate' comes from 'Cravate', a corruption of 'Croate' (Croat), referring to Croatian mercenaries who wore distinctive neck cloths.

Indo-European (via French).

Kultureller Kontext

Avoid wearing a tie to religious ceremonies or mosques in Iran unless specifically told otherwise, as it may be perceived as disrespectful or out of place.

In English-speaking countries, a tie is standard for business. In Iran, the 'Diplomat Collar' is the business standard for government work.

The TV show 'Shahrzad' features many characters in 1950s kerāvāts. Poetry by modernists often uses Western clothing like kerāvāts to show alienation. Iranian satirical news often mocks the 'no-tie' rule of officials.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

At a wedding

کراواتت خیلی به کتت میاد.
کی برات کراوات بست؟
همه اینجا کراوات زدن.
کراواتم رو چطور ببندم؟

At a clothing store

کراوات ابریشمی دارید؟
این کراوات چند است؟
دنبال یک کراوات ساده می‌گردم.
کراوات باریک می‌خواهم.

Before a job interview

باید کراوات بزنم؟
این کراوات خیلی جلف نیست؟
گره کراواتم خوبه؟
کراوات مشکی رسمی‌تره.

After work

می‌توانم کراواتم را باز کنم؟
گردنم از این کراوات خسته شد.
کراوات را کجا بگذارم؟
کراواتم کثیف شده.

At the dry cleaners

این کراوات لک شده.
می‌توانید این را اتو کنید؟
کراواتم خراب نشود؟
کی آماده می‌شود؟

Gesprächseinstiege

"به نظر شما در مصاحبه شغلی باید کراوات زد؟"

"آیا شما بلد هستید گره وینزور برای کراوات بزنید؟"

"بهترین رنگ برای کراوات داماد چیست؟"

"چرا در ایران بعضی‌ها با کراوات مخالف هستند؟"

"آخرین باری که کراوات زدید کی بود؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

خاطره‌ای از اولین باری که سعی کردید کراوات ببندید بنویسید.

درباره تفاوت لباس‌های رسمی در کشور خودتان و ایران تحقیق کنید و بنویسید.

آیا فکر می‌کنید کراوات در آینده از مد می‌افتد؟ چرا؟

توصیف کنید که یک مرد با کراوات چه حسی به اطرافیان منتقل می‌کند.

یک داستان کوتاه درباره کراواتی که گم شده بود بنویسید.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Yes, it is perfectly fine for tourists and for Iranians in private or formal settings like weddings. However, you won't see it in government offices.

'Bastan' refers to the act of tying the knot, while 'zadan' is the general term for wearing or putting on the accessory.

It is a shirt with a standing collar (mandarin collar) worn by Iranian officials instead of a shirt and tie.

You say 'kerāvāt-e abrishi'.

Rarely. It usually refers to men's neckties, though women might wear them as a fashion statement.

It can mean 'someone who wears a tie' or more broadly, someone who is formal or Westernized.

It's understandable but less common than 'zadan'. 'Poushidan' is usually for shirts, pants, and coats.

In shopping malls in North Tehran or the Grand Bazaar (Bāzār-e Bozorg).

Yes, almost all modern Iranian grooms wear either a necktie (kerāvāt) or a bow tie (pāpiyon).

Yes, it is understood and used in Dari and Tajik as well.

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