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A1 noun #7,800 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

صخره

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At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'sakhreh' means a 'big rock'. It is a noun. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'This is a rock' (In yek sakhreh ast). It's a good word to learn when you learn other nature words like 'tree' (derakht) or 'water' (ab). You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet. Just remember that it is larger than a 'sang' (stone). Imagine a big rock in a park or on a beach—that is a 'sakhreh'. You can use it to describe where you are during a walk in nature. For example, 'I am on the rock' (Man rooye sakhreh hastam). This level focuses on identification and basic location. Learning this word helps you expand your vocabulary beyond just the most basic objects in a house to things you see outside in nature.

At the A2 level, you can start using 'sakhreh' with adjectives and simple verbs. You might say 'The rock is very big' (Sakhreh kheyli bozorg ast) or 'We saw a rock' (Ma yek sakhreh didim). You can also use the plural form 'sakhre-ha' to talk about multiple rocks. This is the level where you might describe a trip to the mountains or the sea. You should understand that 'sakhreh' is a specific type of 'sang'. If you are talking about a cliff by the sea, 'sakhreh' is the correct word. You can also start to use prepositions like 'posht-e' (behind) or 'kenar-e' (beside). For example, 'The cat is behind the rock' (Gorbeh posht-e sakhreh ast). This adds more detail to your descriptions of the world around you.

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At the B1 level, you can use 'sakhreh' in more complex narratives. You might talk about an activity like rock climbing (sakhreh-navardi) or describe a landscape in a more detailed way. You should be comfortable using the ezāfe to connect 'sakhreh' with various adjectives like 'sakht' (hard), 'tiz' (sharp), or 'lghzandeh' (slippery). You can also use it in the past tense to describe past experiences: 'Last summer, we climbed a high cliff' (Tabestan-e gozashteh, ma az yek sakhreh-ye boland bala raftim). At this level, you should also recognize the word in news reports or simple stories. You might hear it in a weather report about mountain roads. It's also a good time to learn the difference between 'sakhreh' and 'part-gah' (precipice).

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At the B2 level, you should understand the metaphorical uses of 'sakhreh' and be able to use it in more formal contexts. You might encounter it in literature or news articles about environmental issues. You should be able to discuss the geological formation of rocks or the erosion of cliffs using more advanced vocabulary. For example, 'The waves have eroded the cliff over thousands of years' (Moj-ha dar tool-e hezar-an sal sakhreh ra farsayesh dadeh-and). You can also use it in abstract ways, such as describing someone's resolve as being as hard as a rock. Your sentence structures will be more varied, using relative clauses: 'The rock that we saw yesterday was very beautiful.' This level requires a deeper understanding of how the word fits into the broader Persian lexicon.

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At the C1 level, you are expected to understand the nuances of 'sakhreh' in classical and modern poetry. You will see it used as a symbol of permanence, hardship, or the unyielding nature of the world. You should be able to appreciate the stylistic choice of using 'sakhreh' versus 'sang' or 'khara' in a literary text. You can also use the word in academic or professional discussions about geography, geology, or civil engineering. For instance, discussing the stability of a foundation built on solid rock. You should also be familiar with Arabic-influenced plural forms like 'sokhoor' and understand when they are appropriate to use (e.g., in a formal speech or a religious context). Your use of the word should be precise and context-aware.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of the word 'sakhreh'. You can use it in all its forms, from the most colloquial to the most highly formal or poetic. You understand the historical development of the word and its roots in Arabic. You can engage in deep analysis of literary works where 'sakhreh' is used as a central metaphor. You might use it in a philosophical discussion about the nature of reality or the permanence of the physical world. Your vocabulary is so rich that you can choose between 'sakhreh', 'takhteh-sang', 'khara', and other synonyms to achieve exactly the right tone and emphasis in your writing or speaking. You can also handle technical jargon related to rock formations with ease, making you a very proficient speaker of Persian.

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صخره in 30 Sekunden

Sakhreh means a large rock or cliff, primarily used for natural geological formations rather than small stones.
It is a key word for outdoor activities like rock climbing and describing mountain or coastal landscapes.
Grammatically, it is a noun that follows standard Persian rules, often paired with descriptive adjectives like 'bozorg' (big).
Metaphorically, it represents strength, permanence, and unyielding obstacles in both literature and daily speech.

The Persian word صخره (pronounced 'sakhreh') primarily refers to a large, solid mass of stone, such as a cliff, a crag, or a massive boulder. Unlike the general word for stone, sang, which can refer to a pebble in your shoe or a construction brick, صخره implies scale, permanence, and often a vertical or steep aspect of the natural landscape. In the context of geography, it is the fundamental unit of the rugged Iranian plateau, defining the majestic views of the Alborz and Zagros mountain ranges.

Physical Nature: A sakhreh is typically immovable and part of the earth's crust, often exposed by erosion or geological upheaval.

کوهنورد با احتیاط از صخره بالا رفت.

People use this word most frequently when discussing outdoor activities like rock climbing (sakhreh-navardi), hiking, or describing coastal scenery where waves crash against steep cliffs. It evokes a sense of hardness and resilience. In a metaphorical sense, though less common than 'sang', it can represent an obstacle that is difficult to overcome or a foundation that is impossible to shake. If you are standing at the edge of a high drop overlooking the sea, the ground beneath you is the صخره.

Usage in Literature: Poets use it to contrast the softness of water or the fleeting nature of life against the eternal stillness of the mountain rocks.

موج‌های دریا به صخره‌ها می‌کوبند.

In modern Persian, the word is also essential for scientific and environmental discussions. Geologists use it to classify terrain, and environmentalists use it when discussing the habitats of certain birds or mountain goats. It carries a certain aesthetic weight—a 'sakhreh' is often considered beautiful and rugged, whereas 'sang' can be mundane. Understanding this word helps a learner transition from basic object identification to descriptive environmental narrative.

عقاب بر فراز صخره لانه ساخته است.

Visual Description: Think of the Grand Canyon or the white cliffs of Dover; those are composed of sakhreh.

این صخره بسیار تیز و خطرناک است.

گل‌های کوچک در شکاف صخره می‌رویند.

Finally, the word is used in compound nouns. For instance, 'sakhreh-navardi' is the standard term for rock climbing. If you are a fan of nature documentaries in Persian, you will hear this word repeatedly as the narrator describes the habitat of leopards or mountain sheep. It is a foundational word for anyone looking to describe the natural world beyond the city limits.

Using 'sakhreh' correctly requires understanding its role as a noun of place or object. It often appears as the object of prepositions like 'az' (from/up), 'rooye' (on), or 'poshte' (behind). Because it describes a physical location, it is frequently paired with verbs of motion or position. For example, when you want to say someone is sitting on a large rock by the river, 'sakhreh' provides more descriptive power than 'sang'.

او روی یک صخره بزرگ نشست و به دریا نگاه کرد.

Adjective Agreement: Common adjectives paired with sakhreh include 'bozorg' (large), 'sakht' (hard), 'boland' (tall/high), and 'tiz' (sharp).

In complex sentences, 'sakhreh' can act as the subject that performs an action, usually metaphorically or in descriptions of natural forces. For instance, a cliff 'standing' against the wind. In everyday speech, if you are describing a difficult hiking trail, you might say the path was 'sakhreh-yi' (rocky), which is the adjectival form derived from the noun.

مسیر کوهستانی پر از صخره‌های لغزنده بود.

When discussing sports, specifically climbing, the word is indispensable. You don't 'sang-navardi' (unless it's bouldering, which sometimes uses different terms), you 'sakhreh-navardi'. This distinguishes the professional or serious hobbyist from someone just walking on stones. The word carries a connotation of verticality that 'sang' lacks.

آن‌ها تجهیزات خود را برای صعود از صخره آماده کردند.

Prepositional Use: 'Be sakhreh khordan' (to hit a rock) is used both literally (a ship) and figuratively (a plan failing).

کشتی در طوفان به صخره برخورد کرد.

Furthermore, in descriptive writing, 'sakhreh' is used to set the scene. 'Sakhre-ha-ye saheli' refers to coastal cliffs. 'Sakhre-ha-ye barfi' refers to snow-covered crags. It is a versatile noun that anchors the listener in a specific, rugged environment. Even in children's stories, a 'sakhreh' might be the home of a wise old owl or a hidden cave's entrance.

You will encounter 'sakhreh' in several distinct environments in Iran and Persian-speaking communities. The first is in the realm of tourism and nature. Iran is a mountainous country, and places like Bisotun or the cliffs of the Alborz are frequently described using this word in travel vlogs, brochures, and news reports about national parks. If you visit the 'Dome of the Rock' in Jerusalem, in Persian it is called 'Sakhreh-ye Moqaddas'.

قبة الصخره یکی از مهم‌ترین بناهای اسلامی است.

Secondly, in the context of sports and fitness. With the rise of rock climbing (sakhreh-navardi) as a popular sport among Iranian youth, you will hear this word in gyms and at outdoor climbing spots like Band-e Yakhchal in Tehran. Coaches will use it to refer to the climbing surface itself. 'Move to that sakhreh on the left' is a common instruction.

News and Media: Used in reports about landslides (rezehesh-e sakhreh) or maritime accidents where ships hit cliffs.

Thirdly, in literature and cinema. Persian films often utilize the dramatic landscape of the Iranian desert or mountains. A character might hide behind a 'sakhreh' during a chase scene, or a romantic moment might take place atop a 'sakhreh' overlooking a valley. In classical poetry, the 'sakhreh' is a symbol of the hard-hearted beloved or the unyielding obstacles of fate.

صدای باد در میان صخره‌ها می‌پیچید.

In educational settings, geography textbooks are filled with this word. Students learn about different types of 'sakhreh'—sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Here, the word takes on a more technical, clinical tone. However, for the average person, 'sakhreh' remains a word associated with the grandeur of nature, weekend trips to the mountains, and the rugged beauty of the Persian landscape.

The most common mistake for English speakers learning Persian is using 'sang' (stone/rock) when they should use 'sakhreh'. While 'sang' is a general term, using it to describe a massive cliff sounds slightly childish or imprecise. It's like calling a mountain a 'big hill'. To sound more like a native, use 'sakhreh' for anything that is a permanent, large geological feature.

Mistake 1: Sang vs. Sakhreh: Incorrect: 'Man az sang bala raftam' (I climbed the stone). Correct: 'Man az sakhreh bala raftam'.

Another mistake involves the plural form. While 'sakhre-ha' is the standard and most natural plural, some learners encounter the Arabic broken plural 'sokhoor' in religious or highly formal texts and try to use it in daily conversation. This sounds out of place. Stick to 'sakhre-ha' for 99% of situations. Additionally, don't confuse 'sakhreh' with 'kooh' (mountain). A 'sakhreh' is a part of a 'kooh'. You can climb a 'sakhreh' on a 'kooh'.

اشتباه: این سنگ خیلی بلند است. (در حالی که منظور صخره است)

Pronunciation is also a minor hurdle. Ensure the 'kh' (خ) sound is guttural, similar to the Scottish 'ch' in 'loch'. If you pronounce it like a 'k', it might be misunderstood. Also, the final 'eh' is a short vowel, not a long 'ee' or 'ay'. Mispronouncing the vowels can sometimes lead to confusion with other words, though context usually saves the day.

Finally, watch out for the ezāfe. When saying 'the big rock', it is 'sakhreh-ye bozorg'. Forgetting the 'ye' connector is a frequent error for beginners. Because 'sakhreh' ends in a silent 'h' (which represents the 'e' vowel), the connector must be 'ye' and not just the 'e' sound used for words ending in consonants.

To truly master Persian, you need to know the nuances between 'sakhreh' and its synonyms. While 'sakhreh' is the go-to for a cliff, other words offer different shades of meaning. Understanding these will help you choose the right word for the right context, whether you're writing a poem or a geological report.

سنگ (Sang): The generic word for stone or rock of any size. Use it for building materials or small stones.
تخته‌سنگ (Takhteh-sang): Literally 'stone board'. Refers to a large, flat slab of rock or a boulder.
پرتگاه (Part-gah): Refers specifically to a precipice or the edge of a cliff where one might fall.

If you are looking for a more poetic or archaic term, 'khara' (خارا) is often used in literature to describe a very hard, dark stone, often as a metaphor for a heartless person. 'Jabal' (جبل) is the Arabic word for mountain, sometimes used in religious or formal Persian contexts, but it refers to the whole mountain, not just a specific rock face.

او از تخته‌سنگ برای نشستن استفاده کرد.

In a technical sense, geologists might use 'sang-e khara' for granite. However, for a learner, 'sakhreh' remains the most useful and common word for 'cliff' or 'large rock'. It bridges the gap between the mundane 'sang' and the specialized geological terms. When in doubt, if the rock is part of a mountain and you can climb it, 'sakhreh' is your best bet.

Another related word is 'tel' (تل), which means a mound or a small hill, but usually made of earth rather than solid rock. 'Kamar' (کمر) in some dialects or older usage can also refer to the middle or side of a mountain, often where the rock face is exposed. Knowing these distinctions allows you to describe the diverse geography of the Persian-speaking world with precision.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The 'Dome of the Rock' in Jerusalem is named 'Qubbat al-Sakhrah' in Arabic and Persian, referring to the sacred rock inside.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /sæx.re/

US /sæx.re/

The stress is on the first syllable: SAKH-reh.

Reimt sich auf

قطره (ghatreh) دره (darreh) ذره (zarreh) بهره (bahreh) شهره (shohreh) صخره (sakhreh) تیره (tireh) خیره (khireh)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k' (Sak-reh).
Making the final 'e' into an 'ee' sound (Sakh-ree).
Stress on the final syllable (sakh-REH).
Pronouncing the 'h' at the end; it is silent and represents the vowel 'e'.
Confusing the vowels with 'sokhreh' (which is not a common word).

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 2/5

Easy to recognize once you know the 'kh' sound.

Schreiben 3/5

The final 'h' can be tricky for beginners who might want to write it with a different 'e'.

Sprechen 3/5

Requires mastering the guttural 'kh' sound.

Hören 2/5

Clear pronunciation usually makes it easy to hear.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

سنگ کوه بزرگ بالا دریا

Als Nächstes lernen

پرتگاه غار قله دره زمین‌شناسی

Fortgeschritten

رسوبی آذرین دگرگونی فرسایش گسل

Wichtige Grammatik

Ezāfe with silent 'h'

صخره‌ی بزرگ (sakhreh-ye bozorg) - adding 'ye' instead of just 'e'.

Pluralization with 'ha'

صخره‌ها (sakhre-ha) - standard plural for inanimate objects.

Compound Noun Formation

صخره + نورد = صخره‌نورد (rock climber).

Prepositional Objects

به صخره (to the rock), از صخره (from the rock).

Adjective placement

صخره‌ی سخت (hard rock) - adjective follows the noun.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

این یک صخره است.

This is a rock.

Simple 'Subject + Predicate' structure.

صخره بزرگ است.

The rock is big.

Adjective 'bozorg' follows the noun.

من صخره را می‌بینم.

I see the rock.

Direct object with 'ra'.

او روی صخره نشست.

He sat on the rock.

Preposition 'rooye' used for location.

صخره کجاست؟

Where is the rock?

Interrogative sentence.

این صخره سیاه است.

This rock is black.

Color adjective usage.

ما به صخره رسیدیم.

We reached the rock.

Past tense of 'residan' (to reach).

صخره سرد است.

The rock is cold.

Simple descriptive sentence.

در کنار دریا صخره‌های زیادی هست.

There are many rocks by the sea.

Plural noun 'sakhre-ha'.

او از صخره کوچک بالا رفت.

He climbed the small rock.

Preposition 'az' used with 'bala raftan'.

آیا این صخره خطرناک است؟

Is this rock dangerous?

Question with adjective 'khatarnak'.

ما پشت صخره قایم شدیم.

We hid behind the rock.

Compound verb 'ghayem shodan'.

صخره‌ها خیلی سخت هستند.

Rocks are very hard.

Adjective 'sakht' describing a property.

پرنده روی صخره لانه دارد.

The bird has a nest on the rock.

Possessive structure.

خورشید صخره را گرم کرد.

The sun warmed the rock.

Transitive verb usage.

من یک صخره زیبا پیدا کردم.

I found a beautiful rock.

Indefinite 'yek' with adjective.

کوهنوردان از صخره‌های بلند بالا می‌روند.

Climbers go up tall cliffs.

Habitual present tense.

صدای برخورد موج به صخره آرام‌بخش است.

The sound of waves hitting the rock is relaxing.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

او به صخره‌نوردی علاقه زیادی دارد.

He is very interested in rock climbing.

Compound noun 'sakhreh-navardi'.

باید مراقب صخره‌های لغزنده باشید.

You must be careful of slippery rocks.

Modal verb 'bayad'.

این صخره نماد استقامت است.

This rock is a symbol of endurance.

Metaphorical usage.

در شکاف صخره، گل‌های وحشی روییده بودند.

Wildflowers had grown in the crack of the rock.

Past perfect tense.

مسیر پیاده‌روی از میان صخره‌ها می‌گذرد.

The hiking trail passes through the rocks.

Preposition 'az miyan-e' (through the middle of).

آن‌ها زیر سایه صخره استراحت کردند.

They rested under the shadow of the rock.

Possessive 'sayeh-ye sakhreh'.

فرسایش باعث شده که صخره شکل عجیبی بگیرد.

Erosion has caused the rock to take a strange shape.

Subjunctive mood in the second clause.

کشتی به دلیل مه غلیظ به صخره برخورد کرد.

The ship hit the rock because of the thick fog.

Causal phrase 'be dalil-e'.

این منطقه به خاطر صخره‌های آهکی‌اش معروف است.

This area is famous for its limestone cliffs.

Adjective 'ahaki' (limestone).

کوهنورد با طناب خود را به صخره متصل کرد.

The climber attached himself to the rock with a rope.

Reflexive pronoun 'khod ra'.

صخره‌های این کوهستان بسیار صعب‌العبور هستند.

The cliffs of this mountain range are very difficult to pass.

Formal adjective 'sa'b-ol-oboor'.

نقاشی‌های باستانی روی این صخره حک شده‌اند.

Ancient paintings are carved on this rock.

Passive voice 'hak shodeh-and'.

او مانند یک صخره در برابر مشکلات ایستادگی کرد.

He stood firm like a rock against problems.

Simile using 'manand-e'.

زمین‌شناسان در حال مطالعه لایه‌های این صخره هستند.

Geologists are studying the layers of this rock.

Continuous present tense.

صلابت صخره‌ها یادآور ابدیت طبیعت است.

The firmness of the rocks is a reminder of nature's eternity.

Abstract noun 'salabat' (firmness).

در متون کهن، صخره نمادی از قلب‌های سنگدل است.

In ancient texts, the rock is a symbol of stony hearts.

Formal plural 'motun' (texts).

بنای تاریخی مستقیماً در دل صخره تراشیده شده است.

The historical monument is carved directly into the heart of the rock.

Adverb 'mostaghiman' (directly).

تلاطم دریا و پایداری صخره تضاد زیبایی ایجاد کرده است.

The turbulence of the sea and the stability of the rock have created a beautiful contrast.

Literary vocabulary like 'talatom' and 'paydari'.

او با دقتی وافر، شکاف‌های صخره را برای صعود بررسی کرد.

With great precision, he examined the rock's crevices for the climb.

Prepositional phrase 'ba deghghati vafar'.

این صخره‌واره‌ها در اثر بادهای شدید بیابانی شکل گرفته‌اند.

These rock-like formations were shaped by intense desert winds.

Suffix '-vareh' (like/resembling).

حکمت او همچون صخره‌ای استوار در طوفان حوادث است.

His wisdom is like a steady rock in the storm of events.

Elevated metaphorical language.

پژوهشگران به دنبال فسیل‌های میان این صخره‌های رسوبی هستند.

Researchers are looking for fossils among these sedimentary rocks.

Scientific terminology 'rosoubi' (sedimentary).

دیالکتیک میان فرسایش آب و مقاومت صخره، استعاره‌ای از تاریخ است.

The dialectic between water erosion and rock resistance is a metaphor for history.

Philosophical terminology 'dialectic'.

صخره‌های صلب و بی‌جان، در شعر او جانی دوباره می‌گیرند.

The rigid and lifeless rocks take on a new life in his poetry.

Complex literary construction.

معمار با بهره‌گیری از بافت طبیعی صخره، طرحی نوین درانداخت.

The architect, utilizing the natural texture of the rock, devised a modern design.

Formal verb 'dar-andakhtan' (to devise/cast).

در این جستار، به بررسی زمین‌شناختی صخره‌های آذرین پرداخته می‌شود.

In this essay, the geological examination of igneous rocks is addressed.

Academic passive 'pardakhteh mishavad'.

گویی صخره‌ها رازهای مگوی قرن‌ها را در سینه پنهان کرده‌اند.

It is as if the rocks have hidden the unspoken secrets of centuries in their chests.

Poetic 'guyi' (as if) and 'magu' (unspoken).

استواری این صخره در برابر امواج، غایت ایستادگی است.

The steadfastness of this rock against the waves is the ultimate endurance.

Use of 'ghayat' (ultimate/end).

تراوش آب از بطن صخره، منظره‌ای بدیع پدید آورده بود.

The seepage of water from the heart of the rock had created a novel sight.

Formal vocabulary 'taravosh' and 'batn'.

او در نقد خود، ساختار داستان را به صخره‌ای تشبیه کرد که نفوذناپذیر است.

In his critique, he likened the story's structure to an impenetrable rock.

Complex comparison 'tashbih kard'.

Häufige Kollokationen

صخره بزرگ

صخره‌نوردی

صخره‌های ساحلی

برخورد به صخره

شکاف صخره

صخره‌های بلند

صخره‌های لغزنده

قلب صخره

صخره‌های آهکی

سایه صخره

Häufige Phrasen

مثل صخره

— To be very strong and unyielding.

او مثل صخره در برابر مشکلات ایستاد.

به صخره خوردن

— To hit a major obstacle or fail.

نقشه ما به صخره خورد.

صخره‌وار

— Rock-like; steady.

او صخره‌وار ایستادگی کرد.

بالای صخره

— On top of the cliff.

او از بالای صخره به پایین پرید.

پای صخره

— At the foot of the rock.

ما پای صخره چادر زدیم.

میان صخره‌ها

— Among the rocks.

راهی میان صخره‌ها پیدا کردیم.

صخره‌های سخت

— Hard rocks; difficult times.

او صخره‌های سخت زندگی را پشت سر گذاشت.

تکیه بر صخره

— Leaning against a rock.

او به صخره تکیه داد و خوابید.

صخره‌نشین

— Living among rocks (e.g., animals).

بزهای کوهی صخره‌نشین هستند.

تراشیدن صخره

— Carving the rock.

او مشغول تراشیدن صخره بود.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

صخره vs سنگ (Sang)

Sang is any stone; Sakhreh is specifically a large rock or cliff.

صخره vs کوه (Kooh)

Kooh is the entire mountain; Sakhreh is a rocky part of it.

صخره vs پرتگاه (Part-gah)

Part-gah is the dangerous edge or drop; Sakhreh is the rock itself.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"سر به صخره کوبیدن"

— To be in extreme despair or regret.

از پشیمانی سر به صخره می‌کوبید.

Literary

"دل صخره را شکافتن"

— To do something nearly impossible or very difficult.

اراده او دل صخره را می‌شکافد.

Poetic

"مانند صخره صبور"

— Extremely patient and enduring.

مادرم مانند صخره صبور است.

Neutral

"بنیان صخره‌ای"

— A very solid and stable foundation.

این شرکت بنیان صخره‌ای دارد.

Formal

"به صخره برخورد کردن"

— To face an insurmountable problem.

مذاکرات به صخره برخورد کرد.

Journalistic

"صخره‌ صفت"

— Having the qualities of a rock (hard, cold, or steady).

دشمن صخره‌ صفت ما تسلیم نشد.

Literary

"آب و صخره"

— A situation of soft versus hard; constant persistence.

رابطه آن‌ها مثل آب و صخره است.

Poetic

"در بن صخره"

— At the very bottom/foundation of a problem.

ریشه مشکل در بن صخره است.

Formal

"صخره‌ پیمایی"

— Walking over difficult rocky terrain.

صخره‌ پیمایی در این کوه سخت است.

Neutral

"تکیه‌گاه صخره‌ای"

— A reliable support.

او برای من یک تکیه‌گاه صخره‌ای بود.

Neutral

Leicht verwechselbar

صخره vs سنگ

Both mean rock.

Sang is small or generic; Sakhreh is large and immovable.

سنگ را پرتاب کرد اما از صخره بالا رفت.

صخره vs تپه

Both are natural elevations.

Tappeh is a hill (usually dirt); Sakhreh is a rock formation.

تپه خاکی است اما صخره سنگی.

صخره vs دیواره

Both refer to vertical surfaces.

Divareh is specifically a flat rock wall, often for climbing.

این صخره دیواره‌ای صاف دارد.

صخره vs کمر

Regional usage.

Kamar is the side of a mountain; Sakhreh is the rock material.

او در کمر صخره‌ای کوه ایستاد.

صخره vs خارا

Poetic synonyms.

Khara is specifically granite or very hard stone in literature.

سنگ خارا بسیار سخت است.

Satzmuster

این [noun] است.

این صخره است.

[noun] [adjective] است.

صخره بزرگ است.

من به [noun] علاقه دارم.

من به صخره‌نوردی علاقه دارم.

اگر [noun] نبود، ...

اگر این صخره نبود، ما سقوط می‌کردیم.

[noun] نمادی از [abstract noun] است.

صخره نمادی از استقامت است.

[noun] کجاست؟

صخره کجاست؟

او روی [noun] نشست.

او روی صخره نشست.

با توجه به [noun]، ...

با توجه به بافت صخره، این منطقه قدیمی است.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

صخره (rock)

صخره‌نوردی (rock climbing)

صخره‌نورد (rock climber)

صخره‌واره (rock-like formation)

Verben

صخره‌نوردی کردن (to rock climb)

Adjektive

صخره‌ای (rocky)

صخره‌مانند (rock-like)

Verwandt

سنگ (stone)

کوه (mountain)

پرتگاه (cliff)

تخته‌سنگ (boulder)

غار (cave)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

High in nature, sports, and geography contexts.

Häufige Fehler

Using 'sang' for a cliff. → صخره
Sang is too generic; sakhreh conveys the size and nature of a cliff.
Writing 'صخره بزرگ' without 'ye'. → صخره‌ی بزرگ
Words ending in 'h' (vowel 'e') need 'ye' as an ezāfe.
Pronouncing it 'Sak-reh'. → Sakh-reh
The 'kh' sound is essential for being understood.
Using 'sakhreh' for a small pebble. → سنگ‌ریزه
Sakhreh is only for very large rocks.
Confusing 'sakhreh' with 'kooh'. → صخره بخشی از کوه است.
A rock is a part of a mountain, not the mountain itself.

Tipps

Size Matters

Always use 'sakhreh' when you want to emphasize that a rock is massive or part of a cliff.

The 'Ye' Connector

Remember to add 'ye' (ی) when adding an adjective: sakhreh-ye bozorg.

Climbing Culture

Iranians love the mountains. Mentioning 'sakhreh-navardi' is a great conversation starter.

Guttural 'Kh'

Don't be afraid to make a rasping sound for the 'kh'. It makes you sound more native.

Coastal Context

Use it for coastal cliffs. 'Sakhre-ha-ye saheli' is the standard term.

Be a Rock

Use 'mesl-e sakhreh' to describe someone who is mentally strong and stable.

Descriptive Power

In stories, use 'sakhreh' to create a sense of danger or majesty in your landscape.

Nature Docs

Watch Persian nature documentaries to hear this word used in its natural habitat.

Word Family

Learn 'sakhreh-navardi' and 'sakhreh-i' at the same time to triple your vocabulary.

Safety First

In Iran, 'sakhre-ha-ye lghzandeh' (slippery rocks) are a common hiking hazard. Learn the phrase!

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Sakhreh' as 'Sack-Rock'. Imagine a giant sack filled with one massive rock that you can't lift.

Visuelle Assoziation

Visualize a climber hanging off a steep, vertical 'Sakhreh' in the mountains.

Word Web

Mountain Climbing Hard Grey Cliff Sea Nature Solid

Herausforderung

Try to describe the difference between a 'sang' and a 'sakhreh' to a friend in Persian using three sentences.

Wortherkunft

Borrowed from the Arabic word 'صخرة' (ṣakhrah), which means rock or mass of stone.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: A solid, massive rock or boulder.

Semitic origin (Arabic), integrated into the Indo-European Persian language.

Kultureller Kontext

No specific sensitivities, but when referring to religious sites, use 'Sakhreh-ye Moqaddas' with respect.

English speakers often use 'rock' for everything. In Persian, 'sakhreh' is more specific and majestic than 'sang'.

Qubbat al-Sakhrah (Dome of the Rock) Bisotun Inscriptions Taq-e Bostan carvings

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Hiking/Outdoors

مواظب صخره‌ها باش
از صخره بالا نرو
پای صخره استراحت کنیم
صخره‌های بلندی اینجا هست

At the Beach

صخره‌های ساحلی تیز هستند
موج به صخره می‌خورد
روی صخره‌ها خرچنگ هست
عکس گرفتن روی صخره

Sports

کفش صخره‌نوردی
طناب را به صخره ببند
دیواره صخره صاف است
مسابقات صخره‌نوردی

Science/School

انواع صخره‌ها
جنس این صخره چیست؟
لایه‌های صخره
فرسایش صخره

Literature

دل صخره
استواری صخره
راز صخره‌ها
صخره و موج

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا تا به حال از یک صخره بزرگ بالا رفته‌ای؟ (Have you ever climbed a big rock?)"

"به نظر تو صخره‌های ساحلی زیباترند یا کوهستانی؟ (Do you think coastal cliffs are more beautiful or mountain ones?)"

"آیا از صخره‌نوردی می‌ترسی؟ (Are you afraid of rock climbing?)"

"بهترین جا برای دیدن صخره‌های عجیب در ایران کجاست؟ (Where is the best place to see strange rocks in Iran?)"

"اگر مثل یک صخره بودی، کجا دوست داشتی باشی؟ (If you were like a rock, where would you like to be?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

درباره زمانی بنویس که در طبیعت یک صخره خیلی بزرگ دیدی. (Write about a time you saw a very large rock in nature.)

چرا صخره‌ها نماد قدرت و استقامت هستند؟ (Why are rocks symbols of strength and endurance?)

یک داستان کوتاه درباره پرنده‌ای بنویس که روی یک صخره بلند زندگی می‌کند. (Write a short story about a bird living on a high cliff.)

تفاوت حس ایستادن روی یک صخره و راه رفتن در دشت چیست؟ (What is the difference between the feeling of standing on a rock and walking in a plain?)

اگر می‌توانستی چیزی روی یک صخره حک کنی، چه می‌نوشتی؟ (If you could carve something on a rock, what would you write?)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, 'sakhreh' implies a large size. For small stones, use 'sang' or 'sang-rizeh'.

The most common plural is 'sakhre-ha'. In very formal Arabic contexts, you might see 'sokhoor'.

It is the most common for rock climbing. 'Kooh-navardi' is for general mountain climbing/hiking.

It's like the 'ch' in 'Bach' or 'loch'. It's a sound made in the back of the throat.

Persian does not have grammatical gender, so it is neutral.

No, diamonds are called 'almas'. 'Sang' can be used for gemstones, but 'sakhreh' cannot.

It means a plan or project has failed or hit a major obstacle.

Rarely, unless referring to a large decorative boulder in a park or a geological feature.

'Sakhreh' is a general large rock/cliff; 'takhteh-sang' is specifically a flat slab or a boulder.

It is 'sakhreh-ye' because the word ends in a vowel sound (represented by 'h').

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