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B2 verb 10 Min. Lesezeit

تشریح‌کردن

tashrih kardan
Beispiele تشریح‌کردن in 30 Sekunden
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At the A1 level, 'Tashrih-kardan' is too advanced. You should focus on the word 'Tawzih-dadan' (to explain). However, if you see 'Tashrih,' just know it means a very big and detailed explanation. Imagine a teacher showing you every part of a flower. That is 'Tashrih.' You won't need to use this word yet, but you might see it in a picture book about the human body. It is like saying 'I show and tell everything.' Most A1 students will simply say 'Migam' (I say) or 'Tawzih midam' (I explain). This word is like a 'level up' that you will use later when you talk about science or difficult school subjects. Just remember: Tashrih = Big, detailed explanation.
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For A2 learners, 'Tashrih-kardan' starts to appear in basic science lessons or formal news. You might hear it in a sentence like 'The doctor explained the medicine.' Even though 'Tawzih' is more common, 'Tashrih' is used when the doctor describes exactly how the medicine works in your body. You should start to recognize that this word is 'heavy' and 'serious.' If you use it, people will think you are very smart! But be careful—don't use it for simple things like explaining a game to a friend. Use it when you are talking about a book you read or a project at work. It means 'to give a full account.'
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At B1, you are expected to understand 'Tashrih-kardan' in medium-length texts. You should know that it is a compound verb (Tashrih + Kardan). You might use it in a classroom setting. For example, 'I will explain my project to the class' (Man prozh-e-am ra tashrih mikonam). It shows you are moving beyond basic Persian. You should also know the noun 'Tashrih' means 'anatomy' or 'dissection.' If you read a newspaper article about a new law, look for this word—the journalist will use it to say 'Here are the details of the law.' It is a key word for understanding formal Iranian media.
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At the B2 level, this is a core vocabulary word. You should be able to use 'Tashrih-kardan' to describe complex processes, such as how a government works or the plot of a difficult novel. You should understand its metaphorical use—dissecting an idea. You should also be comfortable with the passive form 'Tashrih-shodan' and the past participle 'Tashrih-shodeh.' In a debate or a formal presentation, 'Tashrih-kardan' is your best friend. It helps you sound professional. You should also be able to distinguish it from 'Tafsir' (interpretation) and 'Bayan' (expression). This is the level where you start to appreciate the 'surgical precision' this word brings to your Persian.
For C1 learners, 'Tashrih-kardan' is a tool for deep analysis. You should use it in academic writing or high-level professional reports. You might use it to 'tashrih' the nuances of a philosophical argument or the structural weaknesses in an economic plan. At this level, you should also be aware of its historical and literary roots. You might encounter it in classical texts where it refers to the 'anatomy of the soul.' You should be able to use it fluently in all tenses, including the complex subjunctive and perfect forms. You are expected to know the collocations, such as 'Tashrih-e ab'aad-e mokhtalef' (explaining various dimensions).
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At the C2 level, you use 'Tashrih-kardan' with the ease of a native scholar. You understand the subtle irony if someone uses it in a casual context. You can 'tashrih' the most abstract concepts—like the nature of existence or the evolution of Persian syntax—with perfect grammatical accuracy. You are also familiar with related technical terms like 'Tashrih-e moghayese-i' (comparative anatomy). In your speech, 'Tashrih-kardan' is part of a broad repertoire of verbs that allow you to navigate different registers of Persian, from the medical lab to the literary salon. You might even use it to critique someone's argument: 'You haven't fully dissected (tashrih) the implications of your theory.'
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Beispiele

تشریح‌کردن in 30 Sekunden

  • A formal Persian verb meaning 'to explain in detail' or 'to dissect.'
  • Used in academic, medical, legal, and professional contexts for analytical descriptions.
  • A compound verb consisting of 'Tashrih' (anatomy/explanation) and 'Kardan' (to do).
  • Goes beyond simple explanation to imply a systematic breakdown of a subject.

The Persian verb تشریح‌کردن (Tashrih-kardan) is a sophisticated compound verb that occupies a unique space in the Persian language, bridging the gap between physical science and abstract rhetoric. Rooted in the Arabic word 'Sharh' (meaning to open, expand, or explain), combined with the Persian auxiliary verb 'Kardan' (to do), it literally translates to 'to perform an opening' or 'to perform an explanation.' In a medical or biological context, this word is the standard term for dissection. When a medical student is in a lab working on a specimen, they are performing 'Tashrih.' However, for most learners at the B2 level, the word is more commonly encountered in its figurative sense: to describe something in great detail, to analyze a complex situation, or to break down a theory into its constituent parts. It implies a level of depth and systematic approach that simpler verbs like 'Tawzih-dadan' (to explain) do not capture.

Academic Context
In universities, professors use this verb when they are about to provide a deep dive into a specific topic, such as a historical event or a mathematical theorem. It suggests a structured, point-by-point breakdown.

استاد در طول سخنرانی، علل سقوط امپراتوری را به دقت تشریح کرد.
During the lecture, the professor accurately explained (dissected) the causes of the empire's fall.

When you use 'Tashrih-kardan,' you are signaling to your listener that you are not just giving a surface-level summary. You are inviting them to look at the 'internal organs' of the subject. It is the difference between saying 'I told him what happened' and 'I provided a detailed diagnostic account of the incident.' This verb is highly formal and is frequently found in news reports, legal documents, and scientific journals. If a politician is 'tashrih-ing' their new policy, they are expected to provide data, logic, and specific steps. It is a word of authority and intellectual rigor.

Medical Origin
Historically, 'Tashrih' was primarily a medical term. In classical Persian texts, it refers to the study of the human body. Today, while 'Kalbod-shekafi' is also used for autopsy, 'Tashrih' remains the standard term for educational dissection in schools.

دانشجویان پزشکی امروز یک قلب واقعی را تشریح کردند.
The medical students dissected a real heart today.

Furthermore, the word carries a connotation of clarity. If something is 'Tashrih-shodeh' (explained/dissected), it means the ambiguity has been removed. It is often used in the phrase 'Tashrih-e Joziyat' (explaining the details). In professional settings, if your boss asks you to 'Tashrih' your report, they want you to justify your findings and explain the methodology behind your conclusions. It is not just about 'what' but about 'how' and 'why.'

Journalistic Usage
In Iranian news broadcasts, you will often hear: 'سخنگوی دولت ابعاد مختلف قرارداد را تشریح کرد' (The government spokesperson explained the various dimensions of the contract). Here, it implies a comprehensive briefing.

او در کتاب خود، پیچیدگی‌های جامعه‌شناختی ایران را تشریح می‌کند.
In his book, he dissects/explains the sociological complexities of Iran.

Using تشریح‌کردن correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs consist of a non-verbal element (in this case, the noun 'Tashrih') and a light verb ('Kardan'). When conjugating, only the 'Kardan' part changes. Because it is a transitive verb, it almost always takes a direct object, often marked by the post-position 'Ra' (را). You are usually 'Tashrih-ing' a plan, a situation, a body, or a theory.

The Passive Form
To say something 'was explained/dissected,' you use 'Tashrih-shodan.' For example: 'جزئیات طرح تشریح شد' (The details of the plan were explained).

ما باید تمام جوانب این مشکل را تشریح کنیم.
We must explain (dissect) all aspects of this problem.

In terms of tense, 'Tashrih-kardan' follows standard Persian patterns. In the present continuous, it becomes 'Daram Tashrih mikonam' (I am explaining/dissecting). In the past perfect, 'Tashrih kardeh budam' (I had explained/dissected). It is important to note that because this is a formal word, it is rarely used in the colloquial 'Tehrani' shortening (like 'mikonam' becoming 'mikon') unless the speaker is discussing a serious topic in a semi-formal setting.

Subjunctive Usage
When expressing necessity or desire, use the subjunctive: 'لازم است که او وضعیت را تشریح کند' (It is necessary that he explains the situation).

نویسنده در فصل اول، چارچوب نظری خود را تشریح کرده است.
The author has explained his theoretical framework in the first chapter.

One common pattern is using 'Tashrih-kardan' with the preposition 'Baraye' (for) to indicate the audience. 'او پروژه را برای مدیران تشریح کرد' (He explained the project for the managers). Another pattern involves using 'be deghat' (with precision/carefully) as an adverb to emphasize the thoroughness of the explanation. This reinforces the 'dissection' metaphor, suggesting the speaker is being as precise as a surgeon.

Negative Forms
To negate, add 'na' to the light verb: 'او هرگز دلایل واقعی خود را تشریح نکرد' (He never explained his real reasons).

آیا می‌توانید نحوه عملکرد این دستگاه را تشریح کنید؟
Can you explain (describe the mechanics of) how this device works?

While you might not hear 'Tashrih-kardan' at a fruit stall or while ordering coffee, it is ubiquitous in the 'intellectual landscape' of Iran. If you turn on the news channel (IRINN), you will hear it daily. It is the preferred verb for news anchors when summarizing what a diplomat or official has discussed. For example, 'وزیر خارجه اهداف سفر خود را تشریح کرد' (The Foreign Minister explained the goals of his trip). In this context, it suggests a formal briefing or a press conference setting.

The Courtroom
In legal settings, lawyers 'tashrih' the evidence. It isn't just telling a story; it's an analytical presentation of facts designed to prove a point. A witness might be asked to 'tashrih' the sequence of events they observed.

وکیل مدافع، جزئیات شب حادثه را برای قاضی تشریح کرد.
The defense lawyer explained the details of the night of the incident to the judge.

In the world of Persian academia, 'Tashrih' is the bread and butter of lectures. Whether it is a literature class 'tashrih-ing' the metaphors in a Rumi ghazal or a physics class 'tashrih-ing' the laws of thermodynamics, the word signifies a deep educational inquiry. Textbooks often have sections titled 'Tashrih-e Masa'el' (Explanation of Problems), which provide step-by-step solutions to complex exercises. If you are studying for the 'Konkur' (Iran's national university entrance exam), you will spend a lot of time reading 'pasokh-haye tashrihi' (detailed/explanatory answers) rather than just looking at the multiple-choice key.

Medical Schools
The 'Otagh-e Tashrih' (Dissection Room) is a place of reverence and intense study in every Iranian medical university. Here, the word is literal. It refers to the anatomical study of cadavers.

درس تشریح یکی از سخت‌ترین دروس سال اول پزشکی است.
The anatomy/dissection course is one of the hardest first-year medical courses.

In the business world, during a 'Board of Directors' meeting, a CEO won't just 'say' the company's vision; they will 'tashrih' the strategic roadmap. This implies using charts, graphs, and logic. If you are in a professional environment in Iran, using this word in your presentations will significantly elevate your perceived level of Persian fluency. It shows you understand the 'prestige' register of the language.

Documentaries
Persian-language documentaries (like those on Manoto or BBC Persian) frequently use this verb when the narrator is explaining how a particular machine works or how a historical conspiracy unfolded.

این مستند، نحوه ساخت اهرام مصر را تشریح می‌کند.
This documentary explains the method of building the Egyptian pyramids.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with تشریح‌کردن is using it in overly casual or mundane situations. Because it translates to 'explain' or 'describe,' students often use it where 'Tawzih-dadan' or even 'Goftan' would be more appropriate. For example, if you are explaining why you didn't do your homework, saying 'I will tashrih my reasons' sounds like you are presenting a formal academic defense, which might come off as sarcastic or bizarrely formal to a native speaker.

Mistake: Over-Formality
Incorrect: 'می‌خواهم تشریح کنم چرا گرسنه هستم.' (I want to dissect why I am hungry). Correct: 'می‌خواهم توضیح دهم چرا گرسنه‌ام.'

اشتباه متداول: استفاده از تشریح‌کردن برای مسائل روزمره.
Common Mistake: Using 'Tashrih-kardan' for everyday matters.

Another error involves the confusion between 'Tashrih-kardan' and 'Tafsir-kardan' (to interpret). While both involve explaining, 'Tafsir' is specifically for interpreting meanings—like interpreting a dream, a religious text, or a cryptic law. 'Tashrih' is about describing the structure and details of how something is. If you 'tashrih' a poem, you look at its words and structure; if you 'tafsir' it, you look for its hidden mystical meanings. Mixing these up can change the entire meaning of your sentence.

Grammatical Slip: The Light Verb
Sometimes learners use 'Tashrih-sakhtan' instead of 'Tashrih-kardan.' While 'Sakhtan' (to make) is used in some compound verbs, it is incorrect here. Always use 'Kardan' for the active voice.

او سعی کرد وضعیت را تفسیر کند (اشتباه در این سیاق اگر هدف توضیح جزئیات باشد).
He tried to interpret the situation (Mistake in this context if the goal is to explain details).

A third mistake is related to the passive voice. Learners often forget to switch from 'Kardan' to 'Shodan.' If you say 'The plan dissected' (Tarh tashrih kard), it sounds like the plan itself picked up a scalpel and started cutting something. You must say 'Tarh tashrih shod' (The plan was dissected/explained). This is a common pitfall for English speakers who are used to verbs that can be both active and passive without changing form.

Preposition Errors
Learners sometimes use 'Az' (from) when they should use 'Ra' (direct object marker). You don't 'explain from the situation'; you 'explain the situation.'

او از ماجرا تشریح کرد (غلط). او ماجرا را تشریح کرد (درست).
He explained from the story (Wrong). He explained the story (Right).

Persian is a language rich in synonyms, each with a slightly different shade of meaning. Understanding where تشریح‌کردن fits among its peers is crucial for B2 learners. While 'Tashrih' focuses on the structural breakdown, other words focus on clarity, interpretation, or expansion. Choosing the right one shows a high level of linguistic nuance.

Tashrih vs. Tawzih (توضیح)
'Tawzih' is the general word for 'explanation.' It comes from the root 'W-D-H' (clarity). You use 'Tawzih' for everything from directions to the park to a simple misunderstanding. 'Tashrih' is much more formal and analytical.

او آدرس را توضیح داد (نه تشریح کرد).
He explained the address (Not 'dissected').

Then there is 'Bayan-kardan' (بیان کردن), which means 'to state' or 'to express.' This word focuses on the act of putting thoughts into words. If you 'bayan' your feelings, you are expressing them. If you 'tashrih' your feelings, you are performing a psychological analysis of why you feel that way. 'Bayan' is about the 'what,' while 'Tashrih' is about the 'how it works.'

Tashrih vs. Tafsir (تفسیر)
'Tafsir' is 'interpretation' or 'exegesis.' It is almost exclusively used for texts (religious or literary) or complex data where the meaning is not obvious. 'Tashrih' explains the visible structure; 'Tafsir' reveals the hidden meaning.

مفسران قرآن، آیات را تفسیر می‌کنند.
The interpreters of the Quran interpret the verses.

Another interesting alternative is 'Bast-dadan' (بسط دادن), which means 'to expand' or 'to elaborate.' This is used when you have a core idea and you want to add more information to it. While 'Tashrih' breaks an idea down (looking inward), 'Bast-dadan' builds it up (looking outward). Finally, 'Roshan-kardan' (روشن کردن) literally means 'to turn on a light' or 'to clarify.' It is used when there is confusion or a 'dark spot' in someone's understanding.

Technical Alternative: Kalbod-shekafi (کالبدشکافی)
In modern medical Persian, 'Kalbod-shekafi' is often preferred for 'autopsy' or 'post-mortem,' while 'Tashrih' is kept for educational dissection or metaphorical explanation.

پلیس برای یافتن علت مرگ، کالبدشکافی انجام داد.
The police performed an autopsy to find the cause of death.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

معلم درس را تشریح کرد.

The teacher explained the lesson.

Simple past tense of a compound verb.

2

او عکس را تشریح می‌کند.

He is explaining the photo.

Present continuous (formal style).

3

من این را تشریح می‌کنم.

I will explain this.

Subject-verb agreement (1st person singular).

4

کتاب بدن را تشریح کرد.

The book explained the body.

Direct object 'badan' followed by the verb.

5

پدر نقشه را تشریح کرد.

Father explained the map.

Compound verb in simple past.

6

آیا می‌توانی تشریح کنی؟

Can you explain?

Question form using the auxiliary 'tavannestan'.

7

او گل را تشریح کرد.

He dissected the flower.

Literal use of the verb.

8

ما موضوع را تشریح کردیم.

We explained the subject.

1st person plural past tense.

1

پزشک بیماری را برای من تشریح کرد.

The doctor explained the illness to me.

Use of 'baraye' (for) to indicate the recipient.

2

او باید جزئیات را تشریح کند.

He must explain the details.

Subjunctive mood after 'bayad'.

3

آن‌ها ساختمان را تشریح کردند.

They described the building (its structure).

3rd person plural past tense.

4

من می‌خواهم این مشکل را تشریح کنم.

I want to explain this problem.

Subjunctive mood after 'khastan'.

5

نویسنده داستان را خوب تشریح کرد.

The author explained the story well.

Use of the adverb 'khub' (well).

6

امروز در آزمایشگاه، ماهی را تشریح کردیم.

Today in the lab, we dissected a fish.

Literal use in a scientific context.

7

او با دقت همه چیز را تشریح کرد.

He explained everything with care.

Prepositional phrase 'ba deghat' as an adverb.

8

چرا این موضوع را تشریح نکردی؟

Why didn't you explain this subject?

Negative past tense.

1

سخنگو اهداف جدید دولت را تشریح خواهد کرد.

The spokesperson will explain the government's new goals.

Future tense using 'khahad'.

2

در این مقاله، نویسنده چالش‌های اقتصادی را تشریح می‌کند.

In this article, the author explains the economic challenges.

Present habitual/continuous in a formal context.

3

اگر وقت داشتم، تمام ماجرا را تشریح می‌کردم.

If I had time, I would have explained the whole story.

Past conditional sentence.

4

او در حال تشریح کردنِ نحوه کار موتور است.

He is currently explaining how the engine works.

Present continuous construction 'dar hal-e...'.

5

جزئیات این قرارداد هنوز تشریح نشده است.

The details of this contract have not been explained yet.

Present perfect passive negative.

6

استاد از دانشجویان خواست که فرضیه خود را تشریح کنند.

The professor asked the students to explain their hypothesis.

Subjunctive in a reported command.

7

او با استفاده از نمودار، آمار را تشریح کرد.

Using a chart, he explained the statistics.

Participial phrase 'ba estefadeh az...'.

8

این کتاب به تشریحِ تاریخ ایران می‌پردازد.

This book deals with the explanation/description of Iranian history.

Use of 'be ... mi-pardazad' (deals with/engages in).

1

کارشناس در برنامه تلویزیونی، ابعاد بحران را تشریح کرد.

The expert explained the dimensions of the crisis on the TV program.

Use of 'abaad' (dimensions) as a common collocation.

2

لازم است که زوایای پنهان این پرونده تشریح شود.

It is necessary that the hidden angles of this case be explained.

Passive subjunctive.

3

او به جای توجیه، ترجیح داد واقعیت را تشریح کند.

Instead of justifying, he preferred to explain the reality.

Comparison between 'towjih' and 'tashrih'.

4

منتقدان، ساختار روایی فیلم را به نقد و تشریح کشیدند.

Critics brought the film's narrative structure to critique and dissection.

Idiomatic expression 'be ... keshidan'.

5

او با تسلط کامل، مراحل تولید را تشریح نمود.

With complete mastery, he explained the production stages.

Use of 'namudan' as a formal alternative to 'kardan'.

6

این گزارش به خوبی وضعیت بازار را تشریح کرده است.

This report has well explained the market situation.

Present perfect tense.

7

آیا می‌توانید تفاوت این دو نظریه را تشریح کنید؟

Can you explain/dissect the difference between these two theories?

Interrogative with direct object 'tafavot'.

8

او در خاطراتش، فضای خفقان‌آور آن دوران را تشریح می‌کند.

In his memoirs, he describes the suffocating atmosphere of that era.

Metaphorical use for atmosphere/feeling.

1

فیلسوف در رساله خود، ماهیت زمان را تشریح کرده است.

The philosopher has dissected the nature of time in his treatise.

High-level vocabulary like 'resaleh' (treatise) and 'mahiyat' (nature).

2

گزارش کالبدشکافی، علت دقیق مرگ را تشریح می‌کرد.

The autopsy report explained the exact cause of death.

Connection between 'kalbod-shekafi' and 'tashrih'.

3

او با ظرافت خاصی، لایه‌های زیرین متن را تشریح نمود.

With a specific delicacy, he dissected the underlying layers of the text.

Metaphorical 'layers' (laye-ha).

4

سیاستمدار سعی داشت پیامدهای بلندمدت این تصمیم را تشریح کند.

The politician tried to explain the long-term consequences of this decision.

Complex noun phrase 'payamad-haye boland-moddat'.

5

این پژوهش به تشریحِ مکانیسم‌های دفاعی بدن می‌پردازد.

This research deals with the explanation of the body's defense mechanisms.

Scientific terminology.

6

او با کلامی نافذ، عمق فاجعه را برای مردم تشریح کرد.

With piercing words, he explained the depth of the tragedy to the people.

Descriptive adjective 'nafez' (piercing/influential).

7

جزئیات فنی پروژه در پیوست شماره دو تشریح شده است.

The technical details of the project are explained in appendix number two.

Passive voice in a technical document.

8

وی در کنفرانس خبری، مواضع کشورش را تشریح کرد.

In the press conference, he explained his country's positions.

Formal pronoun 'vey' (he/she).

1

منتقد ادبی با رویکردی ساختارگرایانه، رمان را تشریح کرد.

The literary critic dissected the novel with a structuralist approach.

Academic jargon 'sakhtar-garayaneh'.

2

او در سخنرانی خود، تبارشناسی این مفهوم را تشریح نمود.

In his speech, he explained the genealogy of this concept.

Abstract concept 'tabar-shenasi'.

3

تبیین و تشریحِ مبانی نظری، گام نخست در هر پژوهشی است.

Explaining and dissecting theoretical foundations is the first step in any research.

Pairing 'tabyin' and 'tashrih' for emphasis.

4

او توانست با مهارتی بی‌نظیر، گره‌های کور پرونده را تشریح کند.

He was able to explain the deadlocks (blind knots) of the case with unparalleled skill.

Idiomatic 'gereh-haye kur'.

5

این اثر به تشریحِ دقیقِ تضادهای درونی قهرمان داستان می‌پردازد.

This work deals with the precise dissection of the protagonist's internal contradictions.

Psychological terminology.

6

وی با دقتِ یک جراح، مفاد قرارداد را تشریح کرد.

With the precision of a surgeon, he explained the terms of the contract.

Simile comparing the speaker to a surgeon.

7

او در مقاله‌اش، آناتومی قدرت را در جوامع مدرن تشریح می‌کند.

In his article, he dissects the anatomy of power in modern societies.

Using 'anatomy' metaphorically.

8

تشریحِ این مسئله بدون در نظر گرفتن بافت تاریخی آن غیرممکن است.

Explaining this issue without considering its historical context is impossible.

Gerundial use of 'tashrih' as the subject.

Häufige Kollokationen

جزئیات را تشریح کردن
وضعیت را تشریح کردن
ابعاد را تشریح کردن
جسد را تشریح کردن
نقشه را تشریح کردن
علل را تشریح کردن
پیامدها را تشریح کردن
نحوه عملکرد را تشریح کردن
زوایا را تشریح کردن
مواضع را تشریح کردن

Häufige Phrasen

پاسخ تشریحی

— A detailed, written-out answer (as opposed to multiple choice).

این کتاب پاسخ‌های تشریحی دارد.

اتاق تشریح

— The dissection room in a medical school.

ما به اتاق تشریح رفتیم.

به تشریحِ ... پرداختن

— To engage in the explanation of something.

او به تشریحِ تاریخ پرداخت.

گزارشِ تشریحی

— A descriptive or explanatory report.

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