A2 Verb Tenses 1 min read Leicht

Past Tense Marker 'Sudah'

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'sudah' to indicate that an action is completed or a state has been reached.

  • Place 'sudah' before the verb: Saya sudah makan (I have eaten).
  • Use 'belum' for the negative: Saya belum makan (I haven't eaten yet).
  • Use 'sudah' in questions: Sudahkah kamu makan? (Have you eaten?).
Subject + sudah + Verb

Sudah Usage

Form Structure Example
Affirmative
S + sudah + V
Saya sudah makan
Negative
S + belum + V
Saya belum makan
Question
Sudah + S + V?
Sudah kamu makan?

Meanings

Indicates that an action is finished or a state has been achieved.

1

Completed Action

An action that is finished in the past.

“Saya sudah mandi.”

“Mereka sudah pulang.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Past Tense Marker 'Sudah'
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
S + sudah + V
Saya sudah mandi
Negative
S + belum + V
Saya belum mandi
Question
Sudah + S + V?
Sudah kamu mandi?
Short Answer
Sudah/Belum
Sudah
Past
S + sudah + V + tadi
Saya sudah makan tadi
Future
S + akan + sudah + V
Saya akan sudah makan (rare)

Formalitätsspektrum

Formell
Saya telah makan.

Saya telah makan. (Daily life)

Neutral
Saya sudah makan.

Saya sudah makan. (Daily life)

Informell
Sudah makan.

Sudah makan. (Daily life)

Umgangssprache
Udah makan.

Udah makan. (Daily life)

Sudah Concept

Sudah

Usage

  • Selesai Finished
  • Sudah Already
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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

Saya sudah makan.

I have already eaten.

1

Apakah kamu sudah tidur?

Have you slept?

1

Dia sudah menyelesaikan tugasnya.

He has finished his task.

1

Kami sudah memesan tiket sejak minggu lalu.

We have booked the tickets since last week.

1

Pemerintah sudah menetapkan aturan baru.

The government has established new rules.

1

Sudah sepatutnya kita menghargai usaha mereka.

It is only right that we appreciate their efforts.

Leicht verwechselbar

Past Tense Marker 'Sudah' vs. Sudah vs Telah

Both mean 'already'.

Häufige Fehler

✗

Saya makan sudah

✓

Saya sudah makan

Sudah must precede the verb.
✗

Saya tidak sudah makan

✓

Saya belum makan

Use belum for negative.
✗

Saya sudah makan kemarin

✓

Saya makan kemarin

Sudah is often redundant with time markers.
✗

Sudah saya makan

✓

Saya sudah makan

Passive voice requires different structure.

Satzmuster

Saya sudah ___.

Real World Usage

Food delivery constant

Pesanan sudah sampai.

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💡

Use 'belum' for negative

Never use 'tidak sudah'.

Smart Tips

Use 'sudah' to confirm tasks.

Saya makan. → Saya sudah makan.

Aussprache

/su.dah/

Sudah

Pronounced soo-dah.

Question

Sudah makan? ↑

Rising intonation for questions.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Sudah sounds like 'sue-dah', think of 'sue' having 'done' it already.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a checkmark appearing over a task as soon as you say 'sudah'.

Rhyme

When the task is done and through, use sudah to say it's true.

Story

Budi had a list. He finished task one. He said 'Sudah!'. He finished task two. He said 'Sudah!'.

Word Web

selesaitelahbelumpernahtadisudah

Herausforderung

Say 5 things you have done today using 'Saya sudah...'.

Kulturelle Hinweise

Sudah is often used to ask if someone has eaten as a greeting.

Native Malay root.

Gesprächseinstiege

“

Sudah makan?

Tagebuch-Impulse

Write 3 things you have already done today.

Häufige Fehler

Incorrect

Richtig

Incorrect

Richtig

Incorrect

Richtig

Incorrect

Richtig

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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Saya ___ makan.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sudah
Sudah indicates completion.

Score: /1

Ubungsaufgaben

1 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Saya ___ makan.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sudah
Sudah indicates completion.

Score: /1

FAQ (1)

No, use 'akan'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

Ya

Ya can also mean 'now'.

French high

Déjà

Déjà is an adverb.

German high

Schon

Schon is an adverb.

Japanese high

Mou

Mou is an adverb.

Arabic moderate

Qad

Qad is a particle.

Chinese moderate

Le

Le is a suffix.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Past Tense Marker 'Telah'

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Simple Present Tense
A2

Past Tense Marker 'Telah'
A2

Completed Actions
A2

Future Tense with 'Akan'
A2

Expressing Intent
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