Past Tense Marker 'Sudah'
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'sudah' to indicate that an action is completed or a state has been reached.
- Place 'sudah' before the verb: Saya sudah makan (I have eaten).
- Use 'belum' for the negative: Saya belum makan (I haven't eaten yet).
- Use 'sudah' in questions: Sudahkah kamu makan? (Have you eaten?).
Sudah Usage
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
S + sudah + V
|
Saya sudah makan
|
|
Negative
|
S + belum + V
|
Saya belum makan
|
|
Question
|
Sudah + S + V?
|
Sudah kamu makan?
|
Meanings
Indicates that an action is finished or a state has been achieved.
Completed Action
An action that is finished in the past.
“Saya sudah mandi.”
“Mereka sudah pulang.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
S + sudah + V
|
Saya sudah mandi
|
|
Negative
|
S + belum + V
|
Saya belum mandi
|
|
Question
|
Sudah + S + V?
|
Sudah kamu mandi?
|
|
Short Answer
|
Sudah/Belum
|
Sudah
|
|
Past
|
S + sudah + V + tadi
|
Saya sudah makan tadi
|
|
Future
|
S + akan + sudah + V
|
Saya akan sudah makan (rare)
|
طيف الرسمية
Saya telah makan. (Daily life)
Saya sudah makan. (Daily life)
Sudah makan. (Daily life)
Udah makan. (Daily life)
Sudah Concept
Usage
- Selesai Finished
- Sudah Already
أمثلة حسب المستوى
Saya sudah makan.
I have already eaten.
Apakah kamu sudah tidur?
Have you slept?
Dia sudah menyelesaikan tugasnya.
He has finished his task.
Kami sudah memesan tiket sejak minggu lalu.
We have booked the tickets since last week.
Pemerintah sudah menetapkan aturan baru.
The government has established new rules.
Sudah sepatutnya kita menghargai usaha mereka.
It is only right that we appreciate their efforts.
سهل الخلط
Both mean 'already'.
أخطاء شائعة
Saya makan sudah
Saya sudah makan
Saya tidak sudah makan
Saya belum makan
Saya sudah makan kemarin
Saya makan kemarin
Sudah saya makan
Saya sudah makan
أنماط الجُمل
Saya sudah ___.
Real World Usage
Pesanan sudah sampai.
Use 'belum' for negative
Smart Tips
Use 'sudah' to confirm tasks.
النطق
Sudah
Pronounced soo-dah.
Question
Sudah makan? ↑
Rising intonation for questions.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Sudah sounds like 'sue-dah', think of 'sue' having 'done' it already.
ربط بصري
Imagine a checkmark appearing over a task as soon as you say 'sudah'.
Rhyme
When the task is done and through, use sudah to say it's true.
Story
Budi had a list. He finished task one. He said 'Sudah!'. He finished task two. He said 'Sudah!'.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Say 5 things you have done today using 'Saya sudah...'.
ملاحظات ثقافية
Sudah is often used to ask if someone has eaten as a greeting.
Native Malay root.
بدايات محادثة
Sudah makan?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
Saya ___ makan.
Score: /1
تمارين تطبيقية
1 exercisesSaya ___ makan.
Score: /1
الأسئلة الشائعة (1)
No, use 'akan'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Ya
Ya can also mean 'now'.
Déjà
Déjà is an adverb.
Schon
Schon is an adverb.
Mou
Mou is an adverb.
Qad
Qad is a particle.
Le
Le is a suffix.
