Past Tense Marker 'Sudah'
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'sudah' to indicate that an action is completed or a state has been reached.
- Place 'sudah' before the verb: Saya sudah makan (I have eaten).
- Use 'belum' for the negative: Saya belum makan (I haven't eaten yet).
- Use 'sudah' in questions: Sudahkah kamu makan? (Have you eaten?).
Sudah Usage
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
S + sudah + V
|
Saya sudah makan
|
|
Negative
|
S + belum + V
|
Saya belum makan
|
|
Question
|
Sudah + S + V?
|
Sudah kamu makan?
|
Meanings
Indicates that an action is finished or a state has been achieved.
Completed Action
An action that is finished in the past.
“Saya sudah mandi.”
“Mereka sudah pulang.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
S + sudah + V
|
Saya sudah mandi
|
|
Negative
|
S + belum + V
|
Saya belum mandi
|
|
Question
|
Sudah + S + V?
|
Sudah kamu mandi?
|
|
Short Answer
|
Sudah/Belum
|
Sudah
|
|
Past
|
S + sudah + V + tadi
|
Saya sudah makan tadi
|
|
Future
|
S + akan + sudah + V
|
Saya akan sudah makan (rare)
|
Espectro de formalidad
Saya telah makan. (Daily life)
Saya sudah makan. (Daily life)
Sudah makan. (Daily life)
Udah makan. (Daily life)
Sudah Concept
Usage
- Selesai Finished
- Sudah Already
Ejemplos por nivel
Saya sudah makan.
I have already eaten.
Apakah kamu sudah tidur?
Have you slept?
Dia sudah menyelesaikan tugasnya.
He has finished his task.
Kami sudah memesan tiket sejak minggu lalu.
We have booked the tickets since last week.
Pemerintah sudah menetapkan aturan baru.
The government has established new rules.
Sudah sepatutnya kita menghargai usaha mereka.
It is only right that we appreciate their efforts.
Fácil de confundir
Both mean 'already'.
Errores comunes
Saya makan sudah
Saya sudah makan
Saya tidak sudah makan
Saya belum makan
Saya sudah makan kemarin
Saya makan kemarin
Sudah saya makan
Saya sudah makan
Patrones de oraciones
Saya sudah ___.
Real World Usage
Pesanan sudah sampai.
Use 'belum' for negative
Smart Tips
Use 'sudah' to confirm tasks.
Pronunciación
Sudah
Pronounced soo-dah.
Question
Sudah makan? ↑
Rising intonation for questions.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Sudah sounds like 'sue-dah', think of 'sue' having 'done' it already.
Asociación visual
Imagine a checkmark appearing over a task as soon as you say 'sudah'.
Rhyme
When the task is done and through, use sudah to say it's true.
Story
Budi had a list. He finished task one. He said 'Sudah!'. He finished task two. He said 'Sudah!'.
Word Web
Desafío
Say 5 things you have done today using 'Saya sudah...'.
Notas culturales
Sudah is often used to ask if someone has eaten as a greeting.
Native Malay root.
Inicios de conversación
Sudah makan?
Temas para diario
Errores comunes
Test Yourself
Saya ___ makan.
Score: /1
Ejercicios de practica
1 exercisesSaya ___ makan.
Score: /1
Preguntas frecuentes (1)
No, use 'akan'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Ya
Ya can also mean 'now'.
Déjà
Déjà is an adverb.
Schon
Schon is an adverb.
Mou
Mou is an adverb.
Qad
Qad is a particle.
Le
Le is a suffix.
