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B1 noun #2,000 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

設備

setsubi Top 2,000

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At the A1 level, you can think of 'setsubi' as 'things in a room' that make it useful. While it's a bit advanced for beginners, you might see it in simple contexts like a hotel description. Imagine a hotel room. It has a bed, a TV, and a bathroom. These are part of the 'setsubi' (facilities). You don't need to use the word yourself yet, but if you see it, just think: 'the stuff provided in this place.' For example, 'The hotel has good setsubi' means the hotel has nice things like a pool or Wi-Fi. It's a formal way to say 'facilities.' Focus on recognizing the kanji 設 (set) and 備 (provide).

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At the A2 level, you start to see 'setsubi' in daily life situations, especially when traveling or looking for a place to live. You might see 'setsubi' on a sign at a park or in an apartment ad. It refers to 'amenities' or 'facilities.' For example, 'Does this park have toilet setsubi?' (トイレの設備). You should understand that 'setsubi' is used for fixed things, not things you carry. If a gym has many machines, you can say 'setsubi ga ii' (the facilities are good). It's a useful word for describing your environment and what is available for you to use in a public or shared space.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'setsubi' in professional and semi-formal contexts. You understand that it refers to 'equipment' or 'infrastructure.' You can distinguish it from 'dougu' (tools). You might use it to describe your office: 'Our office equipment (setsubi) is old.' You also encounter it in business news, specifically 'setsubi tōshi' (capital investment). You should be comfortable using verbs like 'setsubi o totonoeru' (to prepare facilities) or 'setsubi ga jūjitsu shite iru' (to be well-equipped). This level requires knowing that 'setsubi' is the standard word for industrial or building-wide systems like heating or lighting.

At the B2 level, you use 'setsubi' with nuance. You understand the technical difference between 'setsubi' (facilities/systems) and 'souchi' (specific devices). You can discuss topics like 'educational facilities' (kyōiku setsubi) or 'disaster prevention equipment' (bōsai setsubi) fluently. You are aware of the formal register of the word and use it in reports or presentations. For example, 'We need to update our production equipment (seisan setsubi) to increase efficiency.' You also understand compound words and can read them easily in newspapers. You recognize that 'setsubi' implies a level of permanence and institutional provision.

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At the C1 level, 'setsubi' is a versatile tool in your vocabulary. You use it in complex discussions about urban planning, industrial policy, or high-level business strategy. You understand its legal and economic implications, such as 'setsubi no genka shōkyaku' (depreciation of equipment). You can explain the subtle differences between 'setsubi,' 'shisetsu,' and 'kiban' (infrastructure) in a professional setting. You use the word to describe abstract but structured systems as well. Your usage is precise, and you can discuss the 'maintenance and management of facilities' (setsubi no iji kanri) with technical accuracy and appropriate formal grammar.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of 'setsubi.' You understand its historical etymology and its role in various specialized fields like civil engineering, law, and macroeconomics. You can use it in highly formal academic writing or complex legal contracts. You are sensitive to the nuances of 'setsubi' in different industries—how it differs in a medical context versus a telecommunications context. You can critique the 'setsubi' of a nation's infrastructure or a corporation's assets with sophisticated vocabulary. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item but a concept you can manipulate to express complex ideas about provision, readiness, and systemic functionality.

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Setsubi means 'equipment' or 'facilities' provided for a specific purpose.
It is used for fixed infrastructure like plumbing, machinery, or amenities.
Common in business (capital investment) and real estate (apartment features).
Distinguish it from 'dougu' (small tools) and 'shisetsu' (the whole building).

The Japanese word 設備 (せつび - setsubi) is a comprehensive noun that refers to the necessary items, facilities, machinery, or installations provided for a specific purpose. While in English we might use 'equipment,' 'facilities,' or 'amenities' depending on the context, setsubi acts as an umbrella term for the physical infrastructure required to make a space functional. It is composed of two kanji: 設 (setsu), meaning 'to establish' or 'to set up,' and 備 (bi), meaning 'to provide' or 'to equip.' Together, they describe the act of equipping a place with the essential tools for its operation.

Industrial Context: In a factory setting, 設備 refers to the heavy machinery, production lines, and power systems that allow manufacturing to occur.
Hospitality Context: In hotels, it refers to amenities like Wi-Fi, air conditioning, gym facilities, and elevators.

この工場は最新の設備を導入している。(This factory is introducing the latest equipment.)

Understanding the scope of setsubi requires looking at its permanence. Unlike 道具 (dougu - tools), which are usually handheld and portable, setsubi implies a more fixed or systemic installation. For example, a hammer is a tool, but the lighting system in a workshop is part of the setsubi. It covers everything from electrical wiring (電気設備) to plumbing (給排水設備) and air conditioning (空調設備). In modern urban planning, setsubi is the backbone of building management.

マンションの設備が整っている。(The apartment's facilities are well-equipped.)

Public Infrastructure: Refers to public utilities like water treatment plants or electrical grids.

Furthermore, the word is often paired with verbs like 充実する (jūjitsu suru - to be well-equipped/substantial) or 整う (totonou - to be in order/prepared). If a gym has 'setsubi ga jūjitsu shite iru,' it means they have a wide variety of high-quality machines and perhaps a sauna or pool. It suggests a level of professional readiness and quality.

学校の教育設備を改善する。(To improve the school's educational facilities.)

IT設備のメンテナンスを行う。(Perform maintenance on IT equipment.)

Safety Equipment: 防災設備 (bōsai setsubi) refers to fire extinguishers, sprinklers, and alarms.

In summary, setsubi is about the hardware and systems that support an activity. It is less about the people or the service and more about the physical environment's capabilities. Whether you are talking about a hospital's medical machines, a stadium's lighting, or a kitchen's appliances, setsubi is the word that ties them all together as functional infrastructure.

Using 設備 correctly involves understanding its role as a formal, broad noun. It is rarely used for small, personal items like a pen or a phone. Instead, think of it as something that is 'installed' or 'set up' for long-term use. When you use setsubi, you are often describing the quality or presence of infrastructure.

Grammar: Noun + 設備: Combine with other nouns to specify the type: 暖房設備 (heating equipment), 放送設備 (broadcasting equipment).

このオフィスは通信設備が非常に優れている。(This office has excellent communication facilities.)

When describing the state of facilities, the verb 充実している (jūjitsu shite iru) is the most natural choice for 'well-equipped.' If you want to say a place lacks equipment, use 不足している (fusoku shite iru) or が不十分だ (ga fujūbun da). In technical or business reports, you will often see 設備を整える (setsubi o totonoeru) meaning 'to prepare/arrange facilities' or 設備を更新する (setsubi o kōshin suru) meaning 'to update/renew equipment.'

古い設備を新しいものに入れ替える。(Replace old equipment with new ones.)

Another key usage is in the phrase 設備投資 (setsubi tōshi). This is a vital term in economics and business news, referring to the money a company spends on buying or maintaining physical assets. If a company is 'doing setsubi tōshi,' it usually signals growth or modernization. In a more casual but still professional context, like a gym or a library, you might say 'setsubi ga kirei' (the facilities are clean/nice).

Common Verb Pairings: 設備を導入する (to introduce/install), 設備を点検する (to inspect), 設備を利用する (to use).

バリアフリーの設備を増やす。(Increase barrier-free facilities.)

It is also important to distinguish between 設備 and 施設 (shisetsu). While 施設 refers to the entire building or institution (like a hospital or a museum), 設備 refers to the specific equipment inside that building. You go to a 施設 to use its 設備. For example, 'The hospital (施設) has the latest medical equipment (設備).' This distinction is crucial for clear communication in professional Japanese.

You will encounter 設備 in various professional and daily life scenarios. It is a staple word in business news, real estate advertisements, and technical manuals. Because it relates to infrastructure, it is often heard in announcements regarding maintenance or upgrades in public spaces.

In the Office: You might hear: 'Office equipment (OA setsubi) needs maintenance' or 'We are upgrading our server equipment.'

明日は電気設備の点検のため、停電します。(There will be a power outage tomorrow for electrical equipment inspection.)

In the travel industry, setsubi is used to describe what a hotel offers. A travel agent might say, 'This hotel has great spa facilities (spa setsubi).' On a train or bus, you might see signs for 'barrier-free equipment' (barrier-free setsubi) such as ramps or specialized seating. In news reports about the economy, 'setsubi tōshi' (capital investment) is mentioned almost daily when discussing corporate health.

このスポーツジムは、トレーニング設備が充実しています。(This gym is well-equipped with training facilities.)

In manufacturing and engineering, the word is ubiquitous. Workers talk about 'setsubi no koshō' (equipment breakdown) or 'setsubi no hozen' (equipment maintenance). If you are watching a documentary about Japanese technology, you will likely hear experts discussing how advanced setsubi allows for high-precision manufacturing. It is a word that conveys reliability and technical sophistication.

Public Announcements: 'Due to equipment failure, the elevator is out of service.' (設備故障のため...)

最新の医療設備を備えた病院。(A hospital equipped with the latest medical facilities.)

The most common mistake learners make is confusing 設備 (setsubi) with similar words like 道具 (dougu), 装置 (souchi), or 施設 (shisetsu). Using setsubi for a small handheld tool like a screwdriver is incorrect; that would be dougu. Setsubi implies a larger, often fixed system.

Setsubi vs. Shisetsu: Mistake: 'I am going to the library equipment.' (Correct: I am going to the library facility/施設).

× このペンは便利な設備です。(Incorrect: This pen is a convenient equipment.)

Another error is using setsubi when referring to a single, specific machine or device that performs a specific task. In that case, 装置 (souchi - device/apparatus) is often more appropriate. For example, a 'cooling device' is 冷却装置 (reikyaku souchi), but the entire 'cooling system/facility' of a building is 冷却設備 (reikyaku setsubi). Setsubi has a more collective, environmental nuance.

○ 料理の道具 (Cooking tools) vs ○ 厨房の設備 (Kitchen facilities/equipment).

Learners also sometimes forget that setsubi is a noun and try to use it as a verb directly. While you can say 設備する (to equip), it is much more common to use 設備を備える (setsubi o sonaeru) or 設備を整える (setsubi o totonoeru). Additionally, when talking about software 'features,' use 機能 (kinō) instead of setsubi, which is strictly for physical hardware and infrastructure.

Setsubi vs. Kigu: 器具 (kigu) refers to smaller appliances or utensils. A toaster is a 器具, but the kitchen's built-in oven and ventilation are 設備.

To truly master 設備, you must understand how it relates to its synonyms. Each word has a specific 'scale' and 'context.' Comparing them helps you choose the most natural word for your situation.

施設 (しせつ - Shisetsu): Refers to the entire establishment or institution. A hospital is a 施設; the MRI machine inside it is part of the 設備.
装置 (そうち - Souchi): Refers to a specific mechanical device or apparatus. An 'alarm device' is a 装置. Setsubi is the broader system containing multiple souchi.
道具 (どうぐ - Dougu): Handheld tools or instruments used to perform a task. Hammers, pens, and kitchen knives are 道具.

キャンプの道具 (Camping gear) vs キャンプ場の設備 (Campsite facilities like toilets/water).

Another similar word is 備品 (bihin), which refers to office supplies or equipment that are 'fixtures' but not necessarily part of the building's infrastructure, like desks and chairs. 設備 is more about the 'built-in' or 'heavy' side of things. There is also 機器 (kiki), which is used for electronic machinery or 'devices' like 'communication devices' (tsūshin kiki).

音響設備 (Sound system) vs 音響機器 (Audio equipment/components).

In a nutshell, choose setsubi when you want to emphasize the 'provision' of necessary infrastructure for a place to function. If you are talking about a specific gadget, use kiki or souchi. If you are talking about the building itself, use shisetsu.

How Formal Is It?

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Noun + が充実している

Noun + を導入する

Noun + を備える

Noun + の点検

Noun + 投資

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Beispiele nach Niveau

このホテルは設備がいいです。

This hotel has good facilities.

Noun + が + Adjective

部屋の設備を確認します。

I will check the room's facilities.

Noun + の + Noun

古い設備ですね。

It's old equipment, isn't it?

Adjective + Noun

設備はどこですか？

Where are the facilities?

Topic marker は

新しい設備が来ました。

New equipment has arrived.

Subject marker が

きれいな設備ですね。

They are clean facilities, aren't they?

Na-adjective + Noun

設備を使いましょう。

Let's use the facilities.

Object marker を + Mashou

ここは設備が少ないです。

There are few facilities here.

Adjective 少ない

この公園はトイレの設備があります。

This park has toilet facilities.

Possessive の

マンションの設備を調べます。

I will look into the apartment's facilities.

Transitive verb 調べる

台所の設備が古いです。

The kitchen equipment is old.

Subject marker が

スポーツジムの設備は充実しています。

The gym's facilities are substantial.

Verb 充実している

学校に新しい設備が入りました。

New equipment was installed in the school.

Directional particle に

キャンプ場の設備はどうですか？

How are the campsite's facilities?

Interrogative どう

設備の使い方がわかりません。

I don't know how to use the equipment.

Compound noun 使い方

便利な設備がたくさんあります。

There are many convenient facilities.

Adverb たくさん

この工場は最新の設備を導入しました。

This factory introduced the latest equipment.

Verb 導入する

電気設備の点検が必要です。

An inspection of the electrical equipment is necessary.

Noun 必要

会社は設備投資を増やしています。

The company is increasing capital investment.

Compound noun 設備投資

バリアフリーの設備を整えるべきだ。

We should arrange barrier-free facilities.

Auxiliary verb べきだ

設備の故障でエレベーターが止まった。

The elevator stopped due to an equipment failure.

Causal particle で

教育設備を改善するための予算。

A budget to improve educational facilities.

Purpose structure ための

このビルは防災設備がしっかりしている。

This building has solid disaster prevention equipment.

Adverb しっかり

通信設備のメンテナンスを行います。

We will perform maintenance on the communication equipment.

Verb 行う

生産設備の老朽化が問題になっている。

The aging of production equipment is becoming a problem.

Noun 老朽化

宿泊施設の設備内容を比較する。

Compare the facility details of the accommodations.

Verb 比較する

環境に配慮した設備を導入する方針だ。

It is our policy to introduce environmentally friendly equipment.

Noun 方針

給排水設備の改修工事が始まった。

Renovation work on the water supply and drainage facilities has begun.

Compound noun 給排水設備

最新の医療設備を備えた総合病院。

A general hospital equipped with the latest medical facilities.

Verb 備える

設備の使用許可を申請しなければならない。

You must apply for permission to use the equipment.

Must structure なければならない

空調設備の不備を指摘された。

The inadequacies of the air conditioning equipment were pointed out.

Passive voice 指摘された

物流設備の自動化が進んでいる。

The automation of logistics equipment is progressing.

Noun 自動化

設備投資の減税措置が検討されている。

Tax reduction measures for capital investment are being considered.

Passive voice 検討されている

インフラ設備の維持管理コストが増大している。

The maintenance and management costs of infrastructure facilities are increasing.

Noun 増大

研究設備の共用化を促進する。

Promote the shared use of research facilities.

Verb 促進する

高度な情報通信設備が経済成長を支える。

Advanced information and communication facilities support economic growth.

Verb 支える

設備更新のタイミングを見極める必要がある。

It is necessary to discern the timing for equipment renewal.

Verb 見極める

災害時に備えて、自家発電設備を設置する。

Install private power generation equipment in preparation for disasters.

Preparation structure 備えて

工場の設備稼働率を最大化する。

Maximize the equipment operation rate of the factory.

Noun 稼働率

設備の仕様書を詳細に確認する。

Confirm the equipment specification sheet in detail.

Adverbial 詳細に

設備投資の動向が景気の先行指標となる。

Trends in capital investment serve as a leading economic indicator.

Noun 先行指標

既存設備の転用可能性を模索する。

Explore the possibility of repurposing existing equipment.

Verb 模索する

法規制に適合した設備への刷新が急務だ。

Updating to equipment that complies with legal regulations is an urgent matter.

Noun 急務

設備の減価償却費が利益を圧迫している。

Depreciation expenses for equipment are putting pressure on profits.

Verb 圧迫する

最先端の核融合設備に関する研究論文。

A research paper concerning cutting-edge nuclear fusion facilities.

Particle に関する

設備集約型の産業構造からの脱却。

Moving away from an equipment-intensive industrial structure.

Noun 脱却

設備の冗長性を確保し、リスクを分散する。

Ensure equipment redundancy and diversify risks.

Noun 冗長性

公共設備の民営化に伴う課題を検証する。

Verify the issues associated with the privatization of public facilities.

Structure に伴う

Synonyme

施設装置備品ファシリティ

Gegenteile

撤去

Häufige Kollokationen

設備を導入する (Install equipment)

設備を整える (Prepare facilities)

設備が充実する (Be well-equipped)

設備を点検する (Inspect equipment)

設備を更新する (Update equipment)

設備が故障する (Equipment breaks down)

設備を利用する (Use facilities)

設備を改善する (Improve facilities)

設備を備える (Equip with)

設備を管理する (Manage facilities)

Häufige Phrasen

設備投資 (Capital investment)

電気設備 (Electrical facilities)

空調設備 (Air conditioning system)

防災設備 (Disaster prevention equipment)

最新設備 (Latest equipment)

付帯設備 (Incidental facilities)

生産設備 (Production equipment)

通信設備 (Communication facilities)

厨房設備 (Kitchen facilities)

衛生設備 (Sanitary facilities)

Wird oft verwechselt mit

設備 vs 道具

設備 vs 施設

設備 vs 装置

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"設備が整う (To be fully equipped)"

"設備を新調する (To get brand new equipment)"

"設備に金をかける (To spend a lot on facilities)"

"設備の老朽化 (Aging of equipment)"

"設備一式 (A complete set of equipment)"

"設備万全 (Perfectly equipped)"

"設備不良 (Defective equipment)"

"設備稼働 (Equipment operation)"

"設備保全 (Equipment maintenance)"

"設備設計 (Facility design)"

Leicht verwechselbar

設備 vs

Satzmuster

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So verwendest du es

Collective

Setsubi often refers to a whole system, not just one part.

Fixed vs Portable

Setsubi is for fixed things; Dougu is for portable things.

Häufige Fehler

Using 'setsubi' for a pencil.
Saying 'software setsubi'.
Confusing 'setsubi' with 'shisetsu' (the building).
Using 'setsubi' for people/staff.
Using 'setsubi' as a verb without 'suru' or 'sonaeru'.

Tipps

Business Context

In a business meeting, use 'setsubi' to sound professional when discussing office or factory needs. It shows you are thinking about infrastructure.

Kanji Tip

Focus on the 'bi' in 'setsubi.' It's the same 'bi' as in 'junbi' (preparation). This helps you remember it's about being prepared with the right things.

Apartment Hunting

When looking at Japanese apartment ads, the 'setsubi' list is the most important part to check for things like 'washlet' or 'internet included.'

Compound Words

You can create many words by adding a noun before 'setsubi.' Try 'it-setsubi,' 'koujou-setsubi,' or 'kyouiku-setsubi.'

Adjective Pairing

Always pair 'setsubi' with 'jūjitsu' (substantial) if you want to say a place is great. It's a very common collocation.

Nuance Check

If you can pick it up and carry it, it's a 'dougu.' If it's bolted to the floor or wired into the wall, it's 'setsubi.'

Announcements

If you hear 'setsubi no tenken' on a train, expect delays. It means they are checking the equipment/tracks.

Formal Reports

Use 'setsubi o dounyuu suru' instead of 'setsubi o kau' to sound more professional in written reports.

High Tech

Japan is famous for its 'saishin setsubi' (latest equipment). Mentioning this in conversation about Japan is a good way to build rapport.

The 'Set' Mnemonic

The first syllable 'set' sounds like the English 'set.' It's equipment that is 'set' in place.

Einprägen

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a factory floor being filled with large machines.

Wortherkunft

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

Kultureller Kontext

In Japan, apartments often come with 'system kitchens' and 'unit baths' which are considered essential setsubi.

The 'Monozukuri' culture relies heavily on the maintenance of 'seisan setsubi' (production equipment).

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"このマンションの設備はどうですか？ (How are the facilities in this apartment?)"

"新しいオフィスの設備について教えてください。 (Please tell me about the new office equipment.)"

"どこのジムが一番設備がいいと思いますか？ (Which gym do you think has the best facilities?)"

"工場の設備点検はいつですか？ (When is the factory equipment inspection?)"

"最近の学校の設備はすごいですね。 (School facilities these days are amazing, aren't they?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

Describe the 'setsubi' in your ideal house.

Write about a time you were impressed by a hotel's facilities.

What kind of equipment is necessary for your dream job?

Compare the facilities of your current office/school with your previous one.

Discuss why maintenance of public facilities is important.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Usually, you would use 'kiki' (device) or 'terminal' for a single computer. However, if you are talking about the entire 'IT setup' of an office, you can say 'IT setsubi.' It refers to the system rather than the individual unit.

No, 'setsubi' is strictly for physical equipment and infrastructure. For software features or capabilities, the word 'kinou' (function) or 'software' is used. You wouldn't say 'software setsubi.'

Think of 'shisetsu' as the container and 'setsubi' as the contents. A library is a 'shisetsu.' The bookshelves, lighting, and computers inside are the 'setsubi.' You visit a facility (shisetsu) to use its equipment (setsubi).

The most common and natural way is to say 'setsubi ga jūjitsu shite iru' (設備が充実している). You can also say 'setsubi ga totonotte iru' (設備が整っている) for 'well-prepared' or 'fully equipped.'

Yes, it is relatively formal. In very casual conversation, people might just name the specific thing (like 'Wi-Fi' or 'AC'), but 'setsubi' is the standard word used in business, news, and formal descriptions.

No, it only refers to inanimate objects, machinery, and systems. For human resources, you would use 'jinzai' or 'staff.'

It means 'capital investment.' It's when a company spends money on physical assets like new factories, machines, or office upgrades to help the business grow in the long term.

Yes, especially if it's built into the counter (a 'system kitchen'). In real estate, the stove, sink, and ventilation are all considered part of the kitchen 'setsubi.'

Usually no. Sports gear like rackets or balls are 'dougu' or 'yougu.' However, the basketball hoops, the flooring, and the scoreboard in a gym are 'setsubi.'

It refers to 'disaster prevention equipment.' This includes fire extinguishers, sprinklers, emergency exits, and alarm systems required by law in buildings.

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