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B2 noun #7,500 am häufigsten 10 Min. Lesezeit

湖沼

kosho Top 7,500

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Erklärung 湖沼 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '湖沼' (koshō) yourself. It is a very difficult word for beginners. Instead, you should focus on the simple words that make it up: '湖' (mizuumi - lake) and '沼' (numa - marsh). If you see '湖沼' in a text, just remember it means 'lakes.' It is like a big group name for different kinds of water. Think of a picture with many blue circles on a map. Those are lakes. In A1, we say 'This is a lake' (これは湖です). We don't say 'This is a limnetic body.' So, if you see this word, don't worry! Just think 'water' and 'lake.' You will learn this word properly much later when you study science or geography in Japanese. For now, just look at the first kanji '湖' which you might know from 'lake.' The second kanji '沼' is for a smaller, muddy place with water. Together, they just mean 'lakes and similar places.'

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At the A2 level, you might start seeing '湖沼' (koshō) in simple geography books or on signs in national parks. You still don't need to use it in your daily speaking. However, it is good to recognize it. You know '湖' (mizuumi) means lake. The word '湖沼' is just a more formal way to say 'lakes and marshes.' If you go to a place like Hakone or Nikko, you might see this word on an information board. It is used to describe the nature of the area. For example, 'This area has many lakes and marshes' (この場所には多くの湖沼があります). At A2, you should focus on the fact that this is a 'set' word. It's not just one lake, but a group of them. If you are taking a simple test, just remember that '湖沼' = 'Lakes' (formal). It helps to recognize the 'water' radical on the left side of both kanji characters. This tells you the word is about water!

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At the B1 level, '湖沼' (koshō) becomes more relevant, especially if you read news articles or watch documentaries about the environment. You should understand that this is a formal, academic term. You might use it in a short presentation about your country's geography or a famous natural park. For example, 'My country has many beautiful lakes and marshes' (私の国には美しい湖沼がたくさんあります). At this level, you should also notice how it is used with other words. You might see '湖沼の保護' (protection of lakes and marshes). This is a common topic in intermediate Japanese textbooks. You are moving beyond just 'mizuumi' and starting to use more specific, professional vocabulary. It's important to realize that you shouldn't use this word when talking to friends about going for a swim. Use it when you want to sound more educated or when you are talking about nature as a subject of study.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use '湖沼' (koshō) correctly in formal writing and discussions. This is a key term for topics like environmental science, geography, and ecology. You should be able to discuss the difference between a lake (湖) and a marsh (沼) within the context of '湖沼学' (limnology). You will encounter this word in JLPT N2 reading passages, often in the context of pollution, water quality (水質), or the Ramsar Convention. You should be comfortable with compounds like '湖沼群' (a group of lakes) and understand the nuance that 湖沼 is a collective, scientific term. For example, in an essay about climate change, you might write: 'The ecosystem of lakes and marshes is being affected by rising temperatures' (湖沼の生態系は、気温上昇の影響を受けている). At this stage, your vocabulary is becoming more specialized, and using 湖沼 instead of just 'mizuumi' shows that you can handle academic Japanese.

At the C1 level, '湖沼' (koshō) is a standard part of your academic and professional vocabulary. You should be able to use it fluently in complex discussions about environmental policy, geological formations, or biological diversity. You understand the subtle distinctions between 湖沼 and related terms like '湿原' (wetlands) or '水域' (water areas). You can read and analyze government reports, such as those from the Ministry of the Environment, which use '湖沼' to define specific regulatory zones. You are also aware of the historical and cultural contexts where this word might appear, such as in the study of '湖沼史' (the history of lakes and marshes in a region). Your usage should be precise; you know exactly when to use the collective '湖沼' to describe a regional water system versus when to use specific terms for individual bodies of water. You can also handle the word in listening tasks involving fast-paced academic lectures or technical news broadcasts without hesitation.

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At the C2 level, you possess a near-native command of '湖沼' (koshō) and its place in the Japanese lexicon. You can engage in high-level scientific debate or policy-making regarding '湖沼法' (Lake Water Quality Act) and other environmental regulations. You understand the limnological nuances of the term, including how 湖沼 are classified by their nutrient levels (oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic). You can appreciate the word's usage in sophisticated literature or advanced geographical treatises where it might be used to evoke a specific, technical imagery of the landscape. Your mastery extends to all related compounds and technical jargon. You can switch effortlessly between the academic '湖沼' and the more poetic or common terms depending on the audience and purpose of your communication. Essentially, you use '湖沼' with the same precision and contextual awareness as a Japanese professor of environmental science or a professional geographer.

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湖沼 in 30 Sekunden

A formal collective noun for lakes and marshes.
Used primarily in scientific, geographical, and environmental contexts.
Combines the kanji for 'lake' (湖) and 'marsh' (沼).
Essential for discussing water quality, ecosystems, and environmental laws.

The Japanese word 湖沼 (こしょう - koshō) is a comprehensive academic and geographical term used to describe bodies of standing water. In English, it is most accurately translated as 'lakes and marshes' or 'limnetic bodies.' Unlike the everyday words for lake (湖 - mizuumi) or pond (池 - ike), 湖沼 is a collective noun that encompasses a wide variety of inland water systems, including lakes, marshes, swamps, and bogs. It is primarily used in scientific, environmental, and formal contexts, such as geography textbooks, environmental reports, and government conservation documents.

Scientific Scope: In limnology (the study of inland waters), 湖沼 refers to any body of water that is not part of the ocean and is relatively still. This includes deep lakes where light cannot reach the bottom, and shallow marshes where plants grow across the entire surface.

日本の湖沼の生態系を保護することは、生物多様性の維持に不可欠です。(Protecting the ecosystems of Japan's lakes and marshes is essential for maintaining biodiversity.)

You will encounter this word when discussing environmental issues like eutrophication (富栄養化) or when reading about the Ramsar Convention (ラムサール条約), which focuses on the conservation of wetlands. It suggests a level of professional or academic rigor. While you wouldn't say 'Let's go swimming in the 湖沼' to a friend (you'd use 湖), you would use it when discussing the physical geography of a region. It implies a focus on the water body as a biological or geological entity rather than a recreational spot.

Classification: The term breaks down into 湖 (Lake) and 沼 (Marsh/Swamp). In Japanese geography, a lake is typically deeper than 5-10 meters, while a marsh is shallower and often filled with aquatic plants.

この地図には、北海道に点在する主要な湖沼が記載されている。(This map lists the major lakes and marshes scattered throughout Hokkaido.)

Culturally, Japan values its 湖沼 for their beauty and their role in local agriculture (irrigation). However, the word itself remains strictly descriptive. It lacks the poetic nuance of words like 'Mizuumi' but gains authority in administrative and scientific discourse. When you see 湖沼 in a news headline, it usually pertains to water quality, environmental protection, or geological surveys.

Register and Nuance: Highly formal. It is rarely used in casual conversation. If you use it while chatting with friends at a cafe, you might sound like a geography professor or someone who just finished reading a textbook.

環境省は全国の湖沼の水質調査結果を公表した。(The Ministry of the Environment released the water quality survey results for lakes and marshes nationwide.)

火山活動によって形成された湖沼は、独特の景観を作り出す。(Lakes and marshes formed by volcanic activity create unique landscapes.)

In summary, use 湖沼 when you want to speak collectively about all types of standing inland water bodies with a professional tone. It is a key term for anyone interested in Japanese environmental science, geography, or formal writing.

Using 湖沼 correctly requires an understanding of its formal nature. It is almost always used as a collective noun or as part of a compound word. It functions as a regular noun and can be followed by particles like の, を, or が. In sentences, it often appears alongside verbs related to research (調査する), protection (保護する), or distribution (点在する).

Pattern: [Location] + に点在する + 湖沼: Used to describe the geographical distribution of water bodies in a specific area.

この高原には、氷河期の名残である小さな湖沼が点在している。(Small lakes and marshes, remnants of the Ice Age, are scattered across this plateau.)

Another common usage is in the context of environmental science, specifically regarding water quality (水質) and the ecosystem (生態系). Because 湖沼 are closed systems compared to rivers, they are more susceptible to pollution, making this a frequent topic in academic writing.

Pattern: 湖沼の + [Environmental Term]: Used to link the water bodies to specific scientific phenomena.

湖沼の富栄養化は、プランクトンの異常発生を引き起こす。(The eutrophication of lakes and marshes causes abnormal plankton blooms.)

In formal reports, 湖沼 is often combined with other nouns to form complex compounds. For example, 湖沼法 (The Law Concerning Special Measures for Preservation of Lake Water Quality) is a specific legal term. Learning these compounds will help you navigate Japanese governmental or environmental websites.

Common Compounds: 湖沼群 (koshō-gun: group of lakes), 湖沼学 (koshō-gaku: limnology), 湖沼底 (koshō-tei: lake bottom).

裏磐梯の五色沼は、美しい湖沼群として知られています。(Urabandai's Goshikinuma is known as a beautiful group of lakes and marshes.)

When describing scenic beauty in a formal guidebook, 湖沼 is used to emphasize the variety of the water bodies. It suggests that the area has more than just a single lake, but a complex system of water and wetlands that contribute to the aesthetic value of the park or region.

国立公園内の湖沼は、四季折々の表情を見せる。(The lakes and marshes within the national park show different expressions throughout the four seasons.)

その探検家は、アマゾン奥地の未調査の湖沼を発見した。(The explorer discovered unmapped lakes and marshes deep in the Amazon.)

Finally, in academic papers, you might see 湖沼 used in the passive voice when discussing how they were formed or how they are being affected by climate change. This reinforces the objective, scientific tone of the word.

While you won't hear 湖沼 in a typical anime or a pop song, it is a staple of Japanese non-fiction media. If you watch NHK documentaries (especially those about nature or the environment), you will hear the narrator use this word frequently to describe the landscape of places like Kushiro Shitsugen or the Fuji Five Lakes region.

News and Media: News reports on environmental protection laws or reports on the impact of heavy rain on inland water levels will use '湖沼' to be precise.

「気候変動により、世界各地の湖沼で水位の低下が観測されています。」(Due to climate change, declining water levels are being observed in lakes and marshes around the world.)

In education, Japanese students first encounter this word in middle school geography (地理) and science (理科). It is a standard term on the JLPT N1 and N2 levels, as well as in the EJU (Examination for Japanese University Admission). If you are listening to a lecture at a Japanese university, particularly in the departments of environmental science or geology, this word will be used constantly.

Tourism and Travel: High-end travel documentaries or museum exhibits about a region's natural history will use '湖沼' to add a touch of sophistication and accuracy to their descriptions.

「この地域は、日本でも有数の湖沼地帯として知られています。」(This region is known as one of the most prominent lake and marsh districts in Japan.)

In the business world, companies involved in civil engineering, water treatment, or environmental consulting will use 湖沼 in their project proposals and technical reports. For instance, a company pitching a new filtration system would discuss its effectiveness in '湖沼浄化' (purification of lakes and marshes).

Literature: While rare in modern light novels, classical or 'serious' literature (Jun-bungaku) might use '湖沼' to set a somber, descriptive tone for a rural or desolate setting.

冬の湖沼は、鏡のように静まり返っていた。(The winter lakes and marshes were as still as a mirror.)

「今日の講義では、日本の主要な湖沼の成因について学びます。」(In today's lecture, we will learn about the origins of major lakes and marshes in Japan.)

In summary, 湖沼 is the 'official' voice of Japanese geography. You hear it when the speaker wants to be precise, scientific, or formal about bodies of water.

Because 湖沼 is a technical term, learners often make mistakes regarding its register and its specific meaning compared to more common words. The most frequent error is using it in casual, everyday conversation where it feels out of place.

Mistake 1: Misuse in Casual Speech: Saying '週末に湖沼へ行こう' (Let's go to the 'lakes and marshes' this weekend) sounds very strange. It's like saying 'Let's visit the limnetic bodies' in English.

Correction: 週末に湖（みずうみ）へ行こう。(Let's go to the lake this weekend.)

Another mistake involves confusing the scope of the word. Some learners think 湖沼 includes rivers (川) or the sea (海). It does not. 湖沼 specifically refers to *standing* water (静水 - seisui) that is inland. Rivers are *flowing* water (流水 - ryūsui). This distinction is vital in scientific contexts.

Mistake 2: Including Rivers or Oceans: Do not use 湖沼 to describe a landscape that only features a river. Use '河川' (kasen) for rivers or '水域' (suiiki) for a general 'water area' that could include both.

Kanji errors are also common. The second character '沼' (marsh) is sometimes confused with '紹' (introduce) or '昭' (shining). Remember that '沼' has the 'water' radical (氵) on the left, which is a key clue to its meaning. Also, ensure you don't confuse the reading 'koshō' with 'koshō' (故障 - breakdown/malfunction) or 'koshō' (胡椒 - pepper). Context usually clarifies this, but in writing, the Kanji must be exact.

Mistake 3: Kanji Confusion: Writing '湖紹介' instead of '湖沼'. '湖沼' refers to the water body; '紹介' means introduction. They look slightly similar but have zero relation.

Incorrect: この地域の故障を調査する。(Investigating the 'breakdown' of this region.)
Correct: この地域の湖沼を調査する。(Investigating the lakes and marshes of this region.)

Finally, learners sometimes use 湖沼 when they mean a single marsh (沼). While 湖沼 *contains* marshes, if you are pointing at one specific swampy area, just call it a 沼 (numa). Using 湖沼 makes it sound like you are referring to a whole category of water bodies rather than the one in front of you.

Incorrect for a single pond: あの小さな湖沼で釣りをしました。(I fished in that little 'lake and marsh' system.)
Correct: あの小さな池（いけ）で釣りをしました。(I fished in that little pond.)

By keeping these distinctions in mind—register, physical scope, and Kanji accuracy—you can use 湖沼 like a native speaker with a strong academic background.

To truly master 湖沼, you must understand how it relates to other water-related terms in Japanese. Each word has a specific 'size' and 'formality' level. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking to a scientist, a friend, or a park ranger.

湖 (みずうみ - Mizuumi): The most common word for 'lake'. Use this for named lakes (e.g., Biwa-ko) and in daily conversation. It focuses on the water as a destination or a landmark.
沼 (ぬま - Numa): Means 'marsh', 'swamp', or 'bog'. It implies shallower water than a lake, often with a muddy bottom and many plants. Figuratively, it's used for 'addictive hobbies' (e.g., Camera-numa).
池 (いけ - Ike): Means 'pond'. Usually smaller than a lake and often man-made (though not always). You find 'ike' in gardens or parks.

Comparison:
1. この湖は深いです。(This lake is deep.) - Casual/Neutral.
2. この地域の湖沼は酸性度が高い。(The lakes and marshes in this region have high acidity.) - Academic.

For even more technical or specific contexts, you might use words like 湿原 (shitsugen), which means 'wetlands' or 'marshlands' (like the famous Kushiro Wetlands). While 湖沼 includes the water itself, 湿原 emphasizes the land that is saturated with water.

水域 (すいいき - Suiiki): 'Water area' or 'waters'. This is an even broader term than 湖沼, as it can include rivers and even parts of the sea. Use this when talking about general jurisdiction or broad environmental zones.
河川 (かせん - Kasen): The formal term for 'rivers'. You often see '河川・湖沼' (rivers, lakes, and marshes) grouped together in environmental legislation.

「湖沼」は学術用語、「みずうみ」は日常語です。('Koshō' is a technical term; 'mizuumi' is an everyday word.)

In summary, while there are many words for water bodies, 湖沼 stands out as the precise, collective, and academic choice. Using it correctly demonstrates a high level of Japanese proficiency and a clear understanding of geographical registers.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The distinction between a '湖' (ko) and a '沼' (sho) in Japanese geography is often based on whether plants can grow on the bottom; if it's too deep for plants to grow in the center, it's a 'ko'.

Aussprachehilfe

UK kɒʃəʊ

US koʊʃoʊ

Japanese pitch accent: Heiban (Flat). The pitch starts low and rises, staying high for the rest of the word: ko-SHŌ.

Reimt sich auf

Hoshō (Guarantee) Koshō (Pepper) Koshō (Malfunction) Toshō (Crossing a river) Goshō (The afterlife) Moshō (Mourning badge) Joshō (Introduction) Soshō (Lawsuit)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'sho' as 'shou' with a very long 'u' sound like in English 'show'.
Confusing the pitch with 'koshō' (malfunction) which has an Atamadaka accent (KO-sho).
Failing to pronounce the 'o' sounds clearly.
Adding a pause between 'ko' and 'sho'.
Stressing the first syllable too heavily.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

The Kanji are N2/N1 level, but the 'water' radical helps. The reading 'koshō' is common.

Schreiben 5/5

Writing '沼' correctly requires attention to detail (the right side).

Sprechen 3/5

Pronunciation is easy, but knowing *when* to use it (register) is tricky.

Hören 4/5

Can be confused with 'pepper' or 'breakdown' if context is missed.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

湖 (Lake) 沼 (Marsh) 水 (Water) 地理 (Geography) 山 (Mountain)

Als Nächstes lernen

生態系 (Ecosystem) 富栄養化 (Eutrophication) 堆積 (Sedimentation) 水域 (Water area) 河川 (Rivers)

Fortgeschritten

陸水学 (Limnology) 成層 (Stratification) 水質汚濁 (Water pollution) 生物多様性 (Biodiversity) ラムサール条約 (Ramsar Convention)

Wichtige Grammatik

Noun Compounds

湖沼 + 学 = 湖沼学 (Limnology)

Formal Particle 'における'

湖沼における水質調査 (Water quality survey in lakes/marshes)

Cause/Reason 'による'

火山活動による湖沼の形成 (Formation of lakes/marshes due to volcanic activity)

Simultaneous Action 'に伴う'

開発に伴う湖沼の汚染 (Pollution of lakes/marshes accompanying development)

Passive Voice for Natural Phenomena

湖沼が形成される (Lakes/marshes are formed)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

日本にはたくさんの湖沼があります。

There are many lakes and marshes in Japan.

Uses 'あります' for existence of inanimate objects.

湖沼は水です。

Lakes and marshes are water.

Simple A=B sentence structure.

きれいな湖沼を見ました。

I saw beautiful lakes and marshes.

Uses the object marker 'を'.

山の近くに湖沼があります。

There are lakes and marshes near the mountain.

Location 'に' indicates where something is.

これは大きい湖沼ですか？

Is this a big lake/marsh?

Question form using 'か'.

湖沼には魚がいます。

There are fish in the lakes and marshes.

Uses 'います' for living things like fish.

あの湖沼は青いです。

That lake/marsh is blue.

Adjective '青い' modifying the subject.

湖沼の近くを歩きます。

I walk near the lakes and marshes.

The particle 'を' indicates the path of movement.

北海道は湖沼が多い地域です。

Hokkaido is a region with many lakes and marshes.

Noun + が多い + Noun structure.

公園の中に小さな湖沼があります。

There is a small lake/marsh inside the park.

Relative location 'の中に'.

湖沼の水を調べます。

We will check/examine the water of the lake/marsh.

Verb '調べます' (to investigate/check).

この湖沼は冬に凍ります。

This lake/marsh freezes in winter.

Verb '凍ります' (to freeze).

湖沼の周りをドライブしました。

I drove around the lakes and marshes.

Noun + の周り (around).

有名な湖沼に行きたいです。

I want to go to a famous lake/marsh.

Verb stem + たい (want to do).

湖沼にはいろいろな鳥が来ます。

Various birds come to the lakes and marshes.

Adjective 'いろいろな' (various).

ここは静かな湖沼地帯です。

This is a quiet lake and marsh area.

Compound noun '湖沼地帯'.

環境を守るために、湖沼の清掃活動に参加した。

I participated in a cleaning activity for the lakes and marshes to protect the environment.

〜ために (in order to).

この地図には、この県にあるすべての湖沼が載っている。

All the lakes and marshes in this prefecture are listed on this map.

載っている (to be listed/placed on).

昔に比べて、この地域の湖沼は少なくなった。

Compared to the past, the lakes and marshes in this region have decreased.

〜に比べて (compared to).

湖沼の水質が悪化すると、魚が住めなくなる。

If the water quality of lakes and marshes deteriorates, fish won't be able to live there.

Potential form negative '住めなくなる'.

観光客は美しい湖沼の景色を楽しんでいる。

Tourists are enjoying the beautiful scenery of the lakes and marshes.

〜を楽しんでいる (enjoying).

この湖沼は、火山の噴火によって作られたそうだ。

I heard that this lake/marsh was formed by a volcanic eruption.

〜によって (by means of/due to) and 〜そうだ (I heard).

湖沼の近くでキャンプをするのは楽しい。

It is fun to camp near lakes and marshes.

Nominalizing a verb with '〜のは'.

政府は新しい湖沼保護計画を発表しました。

The government announced a new lake and marsh protection plan.

Formal verb '発表しました'.

湖沼の富栄養化は、現代の深刻な環境問題の一つだ。

Eutrophication of lakes and marshes is one of the serious environmental problems today.

Noun + の一つだ (one of the...).

ラムサール条約は、特に水鳥の生息地として重要な湖沼を保護する。

The Ramsar Convention protects lakes and marshes that are particularly important as habitats for waterfowl.

〜として (as/in the capacity of).

その調査チームは、未開の地の湖沼で新種の生物を発見した。

The research team discovered a new species of organism in a lake/marsh in an unexplored land.

Compound '未開の地' (unexplored land).

湖沼の堆積物を分析することで、過去の気候を知ることができる。

By analyzing the sediment of lakes and marshes, we can understand past climates.

〜ことで (by doing...).

日本の湖沼法は、指定された水域の水質改善を目的としている。

Japan's Lake Law aims to improve the water quality of designated water areas.

〜を目的としている (aims at/has the purpose of).

乾燥地帯では、貴重な水源である湖沼が急速に失われている。

In arid regions, lakes and marshes, which are precious water sources, are being lost rapidly.

Passive voice '失われている'.

この地域には、氷河の侵食によって形成された湖沼群が広がっている。

In this region, a group of lakes formed by glacial erosion spreads out.

Compound '湖沼群' (group of lakes).

湖沼の生態系バランスを維持するためには、外来種の管理が不可欠だ。

To maintain the ecological balance of lakes and marshes, the management of invasive species is essential.

不可欠だ (essential/indispensable).

湖沼の閉鎖的な性質ゆえに、汚染物質が蓄積しやすいという課題がある。

Due to the closed nature of lakes and marshes, there is the issue that pollutants tend to accumulate easily.

〜ゆえに (because of/due to - formal).

気候変動に伴う降水パターンの変化が、世界の湖沼の塩分濃度に影響を及ぼしている。

Changes in precipitation patterns accompanying climate change are affecting the salinity levels of lakes and marshes worldwide.

〜に伴う (accompanying/as a result of).

本研究では、都市近郊の湖沼におけるマイクロプラスチックの分布を調査した。

In this study, we investigated the distribution of microplastics in lakes and marshes near urban areas.

〜における (in/at - formal location marker).

湖沼の自浄作用を上回る負荷がかかると、水質は急激に悪化する。

When a load exceeding the self-purification capacity of a lake or marsh is applied, water quality deteriorates rapidly.

〜を上回る (to exceed/surpass).

流域住民の理解と協力なしには、湖沼の環境保全は成し遂げられない。

Without the understanding and cooperation of the residents in the river basin, the environmental conservation of lakes and marshes cannot be achieved.

〜なしには (without... - conditional).

産業排水の規制強化により、かつて「死の湖」と呼ばれた湖沼が再生した事例もある。

There are cases where lakes and marshes, once called 'dead lakes,' have been restored through the strengthening of industrial wastewater regulations.

〜により (through/by means of).

湖沼学の観点から見れば、水深と透明度はその水域の健康状態を示す重要な指標である。

From the perspective of limnology, water depth and transparency are important indicators of the health of that water area.

〜から見れば (from the perspective of).

大規模な開発事業が周辺の湖沼の地下水脈に与える影響を無視することはできない。

The impact that large-scale development projects have on the groundwater veins of surrounding lakes and marshes cannot be ignored.

〜に与える影響 (impact given to...).

湖沼の熱収支の変動は、地域気象のみならず、広域的な気候システムとも密接に連動している。

Fluctuations in the heat budget of lakes and marshes are closely linked not only to local weather but also to wide-area climate systems.

〜のみならず (not only... but also).

人為的な介入による湖沼の陸地化は、数千年に及ぶ遷移のプロセスを数十年で完結させてしまう。

The terrestrialization of lakes and marshes due to human intervention can complete a successional process that normally takes thousands of years in just a few decades.

〜に及ぶ (reaching/extending to).

湖沼底の堆積物に記録された花粉分析を通じて、完新世の植生変遷を精緻に復元することが可能となった。

Through pollen analysis recorded in the sediments of lake bottoms, it has become possible to precisely reconstruct the vegetational transitions of the Holocene epoch.

〜を通じて (through/via).

多国間にまたがる湖沼の管理には、主権を超えた包括的な法的枠組みの構築が急務である。

For the management of lakes and marshes that span multiple nations, the construction of a comprehensive legal framework that transcends sovereignty is an urgent matter.

〜にまたがる (to span/straddle).

富栄養化の進行に伴う内部負荷の増大は、外部からの流入制限だけでは解決し得ない難題を提示している。

The increase in internal loading accompanying the progression of eutrophication presents a difficult problem that cannot be solved solely by restricting external inflows.

〜し得ない (cannot possibly do).

湖沼生態系のレジリエンスが限界を超えたとき、水質は不可逆的な相転移を起こし、元に戻すことは極めて困難となる。

When the resilience of a lake/marsh ecosystem exceeds its limit, the water quality undergoes an irreversible phase transition, making restoration extremely difficult.

不可逆的な (irreversible).

近年の湖沼調査においては、衛星リモートセンシング技術の導入により、広域的な水質動態のリアルタイム監視が実現しつつある。

In recent lake surveys, the introduction of satellite remote sensing technology is making real-time monitoring of wide-area water quality dynamics a reality.

〜つつある (is in the process of).

湖沼の保全と利用の調和を図るためには、科学的知見に基づいた適応的マネジメントの導入が不可欠である。

In order to harmonize the conservation and utilization of lakes and marshes, the introduction of adaptive management based on scientific knowledge is essential.

〜に基づいた (based on).

Synonyme

湖沼池水域湿地湿原内水面静水域

Gegenteile

河川海洋陸地流水

Häufige Kollokationen

湖沼群

湖沼の水質

湖沼の富栄養化

湖沼法

湖沼学

湖沼地帯

湖沼の生態系

主要な湖沼

湖沼の形成

湖沼の水位

Häufige Phrasen

湖沼が点在する

— Lakes and marshes are scattered around. Used to describe a landscape.

その高原には小さな湖沼が点在している。

湖沼を保護する

— To protect lakes and marshes. A common goal in environmentalism.

貴重な動植物を守るため、湖沼を保護する必要がある。

湖沼の浄化

— The purification of lakes and marshes. Refers to cleaning the water.

最新の技術を使って、湖沼の浄化に取り組んでいる。

湖沼の利用

— The use of lakes and marshes. Refers to fishing, tourism, or water supply.

湖沼の賢明な利用が求められている。

湖沼の変遷

— The transition/history of lakes and marshes. Used in geology or history.

地形の調査から、湖沼の変遷を辿る。

湖沼の分類

— Classification of lakes and marshes. Used in scientific study.

成因によって湖沼の分類を行う。

湖沼の景観

— The scenery of lakes and marshes. Used in travel or photography.

この地域は湖沼の景観が非常に美しい。

湖沼の面積

— The area/size of lakes and marshes. A statistical term.

日本の湖沼の総面積を算出する。

湖沼の底

— The bottom of lakes and marshes. Used in biology or geology.

湖沼の底には泥がたまっている。

湖沼に生息する

— To inhabit lakes and marshes. Used for animals or plants.

湖沼に生息する微生物を観察する。

Wird oft verwechselt mit

湖沼 vs 胡椒 (こしょう)

Means 'pepper'. The pronunciation is identical, but the pitch accent and Kanji are different.

湖沼 vs 故障 (こしょう)

Means 'breakdown' or 'malfunction'. The pronunciation is identical, but the pitch accent starts high (Atamadaka).

湖沼 vs 呼称 (こしょう)

Means 'designation' or 'name'. Same pronunciation, different Kanji.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"沼にはまる"

— While not using 'koshō', this related idiom means to get deeply obsessed with a hobby (like a swamp you can't get out of).

カメラの沼にはまってしまった。

Slang

"水清ければ魚棲まず"

— If the water is too clean, fish won't live there. Metaphorically: If a person is too strict or pure, people won't gather around them.

あまり厳しすぎると、水清ければ魚棲まずで、誰もついてこないよ。

Literary

"井の中の蛙大海を知らず"

— A frog in a well knows nothing of the great ocean. Used for someone with a narrow perspective.

彼は井の中の蛙で、世界で何が起きているか知らない。

Common

"河童の川流れ"

— Even a kappa (water imp) can get swept away by a river. Even experts make mistakes.

ベテランの彼が失敗するなんて、河童の川流れだね。

Common

"焼け石に水"

— Water on a hot stone. An inadequate effort that has no effect.

その程度の支援では、焼け石に水だ。

Common

"水に流す"

— To let water wash it away. To forgive and forget past grievances.

昔のことは水に流して、仲良くしよう。

Common

"湯水のように使う"

— To use like hot water. To spend money extravagantly or wastefully.

彼は宝くじの賞金を湯水のように使った。

Common

"寝耳に水"

— Water in the ear while sleeping. A complete surprise or bolt from the blue.

彼が辞めるなんて、寝耳に水だ。

Common

"立て板に水"

— Water on a vertical board. To speak fluently and eloquently without pausing.

彼女は立て板に水のごとく喋り続けた。

Common

"一滴の水も漏らさない"

— Not letting even a drop of water leak. To be extremely thorough or secure.

警備は一滴の水も漏らさないほど厳重だった。

Formal

Leicht verwechselbar

湖沼 vs 湖

Both mean 'lake'.

湖 is for specific lakes or casual talk. 湖沼 is the technical, collective term for lakes and marshes.

琵琶湖 (Lake Biwa) vs. 日本の湖沼 (Japan's lakes and marshes).

湖沼 vs 沼

Both refer to water.

沼 is specifically a marsh. 湖沼 includes both lakes and marshes.

この沼は深くない。 vs. 湖沼の生態系は複雑だ。

湖沼 vs 池

Both are standing water.

池 is usually smaller or man-made. 湖沼 is a more formal and scientific term for natural systems.

庭の池。 vs. 湖沼の成因を研究する。

湖沼 vs 湿原

Both are wet areas.

湿原 is specifically 'wetlands' or 'marshlands'. 湖沼 emphasizes the water bodies themselves.

湿原を歩く。 vs. 湖沼の水を分析する。

湖沼 vs 水域

Both describe water areas.

水域 is a broader term that includes rivers and seas. 湖沼 is limited to inland standing water.

沿岸水域。 vs. 内陸の湖沼。

Satzmuster

[Place] には [Adjective] 湖沼があります。

この地域には美しい湖沼があります。

湖沼の [Noun] を [Verb] する。

湖沼の水質を調査する。

[Noun] によって形成された湖沼。

火山活動によって形成された湖沼。

湖沼における [Noun] の影響を考察する。

湖沼における温暖化の影響を考察する。

湖沼の [Noun] が [Verb-Passive] ている。

湖沼の生態系が脅かされている。

湖沼の [Technical Term] と [Technical Term] の相関関係。

湖沼の熱収支と水位変動の相関関係。

湖沼の近くに [Noun] があります。

湖沼の近くにキャンプ場があります。

湖沼を [Verb] ために、[Action]。

湖沼を守るために、ゴミを拾います。

Wortfamilie

Substantive

湖 (Lake)

沼 (Marsh)

湖水 (Lake water)

沼地 (Marshland)

湖畔 (Lakeside)

Verwandt

地理 (Geography)

環境 (Environment)

生態系 (Ecosystem)

水質 (Water quality)

堆積物 (Sediment)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

High in written academic/news Japanese; Low in spoken casual Japanese.

Häufige Fehler

Using 湖沼 in casual conversation. → Using 湖 (mizuumi) or 沼 (numa) individually.
湖沼 is too formal for daily life. It's like saying 'aquatic basins' instead of 'lakes'.
Writing 故障 (breakdown) instead of 湖沼. → 湖沼
They sound the same but the Kanji are completely different. Check the radicals!
Including rivers in the definition of 湖沼. → Rivers are '河川' (kasen).
湖沼 specifically means *standing* water, not flowing water like rivers.
Mispronouncing the pitch accent. → Heiban (flat) pitch.
If you drop the pitch, it sounds like 'pepper' or 'malfunction'.
Confusing 沼 with 紹 (introduce). → 沼 (Water radical 氵)
The left side must be the water radical for words related to marshes.

Tipps

Use in Reports

When writing about environmental issues for a class or work, always use 湖沼 to sound more professional.

Water Radical

Both characters start with 氵. This is your best clue that the word is about water.

Don't Overuse

Avoid using it with friends. Stick to 'mizuumi' or 'ike' for casual plans.

Context is King

If the topic is cooking, 'koshō' is pepper. If it's nature, it's lakes and marshes.

JLPT Tip

This word often appears in reading sections about the environment. Memorize it as a pair with '水質' (water quality).

Learn the Group

Learn 湖沼 alongside 河川 (rivers) as they are often paired in formal Japanese.

Stroke Order

Practice the stroke order of 沼 to ensure you don't confuse it with other characters.

Ko-Sho

Think of it as the 'Ko-Sho' (Co-Show) of water features.

Geography

Japan is famous for its lake groups; using '湖沼群' makes you sound like a local expert.

Business Context

If you work in ESG or environmental consulting, this word is indispensable.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'KO' (湖) as a big 'CO'mpany lake, and 'SHO' (沼) as a 'SHO'rt, shallow marsh. Together, they make 'KOSHŌ' - the complete water system.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a map of a national park. You see a large blue lake (湖) and a smaller, green-tinted marsh (沼) next to it. The label for the whole area is 湖沼.

Word Web

Water Nature Geography Ecology Lake Marsh Scientific Inland

Herausforderung

Try to find 5 famous '湖沼' in Japan on Google Maps (like Lake Biwa or Kasumigaura) and write a formal sentence about them using the word.

Wortherkunft

A Sino-Japanese (Kango) compound word. It combines two characters that have been used since ancient times in China and Japan to describe inland water.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The collective term for large and small inland bodies of water.

Sino-Japanese (Kanji-based).

Kultureller Kontext

No specific sensitivities, but when discussing environmental degradation of 湖沼, be aware of local community efforts to protect them.

In English, we rarely use a single word like 'koshō'. We usually say 'lakes and marshes' or 'wetlands'.

Lake Biwa (Japan's largest lake) The Ramsar Convention (International treaty for wetlands) Goshikinuma (The 'Five Colored Marshes' in Fukushima)

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Geography Class

日本の湖沼の成因
断層湖
カルデラ湖
湖沼の分布

Environmental News

水質汚濁の改善
湖沼法の改正
外来種の駆除
アオコの発生

National Park Guide

美しい湖沼群
自然保護区
遊歩道
野鳥の観察

Scientific Research

サンプルの採取
底泥の分析
溶存酸素量
透明度の測定

Administrative Policy

指定湖沼
保全計画
流域対策
住民参加

Gesprächseinstiege

"日本の湖沼で、一番きれいだと思うのはどこですか？"

"あなたの国には、有名な湖沼地帯がありますか？"

"湖沼の生態系を守るために、私たちは何ができるでしょうか？"

"最近、湖沼の汚れが問題になっていますが、どう思いますか？"

"山登りをした時に、美しい湖沼を見たことがありますか？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

今日学んだ「湖沼」という言葉を使って、日本の自然について書いてみましょう。

もしあなたが湖沼を調査する科学者だったら、何を調べたいですか？

あなたが訪れたことのある湖や沼について、詳しい説明を書いてください。

環境保護の観点から、湖沼の重要性について自分の意見を述べてください。

「湖沼」と「湖」の言葉の使い分けについて、例文を作って練習しましょう。

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, 湖沼 is strictly for inland standing water like lakes and marshes. For the sea, use '海洋' (kaiyō) or '海' (umi).

It sounds very unnatural in casual speech. It's like saying 'I am going to the limnetic bodies.' Use '湖に行きます' (Mizuumi ni ikimasu) instead.

Generally, a 湖 (lake) is deeper (usually over 5-10 meters) and plants don't grow in the center. A 沼 (marsh) is shallower and plants can grow across its bottom.

It is very common in news, school, and scientific contexts, but rare in daily conversation.

It has the water radical (氵) and '召' (summon). Imagine water 'summoning' plants to grow in a marsh.

Technically yes, but in environmental reports, it can sometimes include large reservoirs if they function like lakes.

It is typically considered N2 or N1 level due to its formal and technical nature.

Yes, in a scientific sense, 湖沼 encompasses lakes, marshes, and ponds (静水 - standing water).

It is 'Limnology', the scientific study of inland waters (lakes, reservoirs, rivers, wetlands, and groundwater).

No. Rivers are 'flowing water' (流水), while 湖沼 are 'standing water' (静水).

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