철회하다 in 30 Sekunden
- To officially retract a prior statement, decision, or promise.
- Common in politics, law, and formal business.
- Implies a reversal of a commitment.
- More formal than '취소하다'.
The Korean verb '철회하다' (cheolhoehada) is a powerful word that signifies the act of taking back or canceling something that was previously stated, decided, or promised. Think of it as a formal retraction. It's most commonly used in situations where a decision, proposal, statement, or even a threat needs to be officially withdrawn. This word carries a sense of formality and is frequently encountered in news reports, legal documents, political discussions, and business contexts. When someone '철회하다's something, they are essentially saying, 'I'm no longer standing by that' or 'That is no longer in effect.' It implies a reversal of a previous action or stance.
Consider a government announcing a new policy. If there's significant public backlash or if new information comes to light, the government might decide to '철회하다' that policy. Similarly, if a company makes a public statement about future plans and then changes its mind, they might '철회하다' that statement. In a more personal, though still formal, context, one might '철회하다' an offer or a promise if circumstances change. The nuance here is that it's not just a simple change of mind; it's an official act of nullifying a prior commitment or declaration. The word is particularly important in legal settings, where withdrawing a lawsuit, a plea, or a legal claim requires formal '철회하다'.
The act of '철회하다' often suggests that the initial decision or statement was made with certain intentions or under certain conditions, and those conditions have now changed, rendering the original action invalid. It's a way to rectify a situation, admit a mistake, or adapt to new realities. The formality of the word indicates that it's not used for casual, everyday retractions of minor statements. Instead, it’s reserved for matters of consequence that require a clear and official undoing. The impact of '철회하다' can be significant, affecting policies, agreements, and reputations. Therefore, understanding its usage is key to comprehending formal discourse in Korean.
- Core Meaning
- To officially take back, cancel, or withdraw a previously made statement, decision, proposal, promise, or offer.
- Key Contexts
- Political announcements, legal proceedings, business decisions, formal agreements, public statements.
- Implication
- A formal reversal or nullification of a prior commitment or declaration, often due to changed circumstances or reconsideration.
정부는 국민들의 반발에 부딪혀 해당 정책을 철회하기로 결정했습니다.
그는 자신이 했던 발언을 철회했습니다.
계약이 성사되지 않아 제안을 철회해야 했습니다.
Mastering '철회하다' involves understanding its grammatical structures and common sentence patterns. It typically functions as a verb and is often used in conjunction with auxiliary verbs or grammatical endings that indicate intention, necessity, or the act itself. The subject of the sentence is usually an entity capable of making decisions or statements, such as an individual, a group, an organization, or a government. The object being '철회하다'd is often a noun phrase representing a proposal, decision, statement, promise, or offer.
One common pattern is Subject + Object + '철회하다' + Verb Ending. For instance, '그는 자신의 발언을 철회했다' (He withdrew his statement). Here, '그는' (he) is the subject, '자신의 발언을' (his statement) is the object, and '철회했다' is the past tense of the verb. Another frequent construction involves the intention to withdraw, often using the '-기로 하다' (decide to) or '-해야 하다' (must) constructions. For example, '회사는 마케팅 전략을 철회하기로 결정했다' (The company decided to withdraw the marketing strategy). This highlights the deliberative process leading to the withdrawal.
In more complex sentences, '철회하다' can be embedded within clauses that explain the circumstances or consequences. For instance, '논란이 커지자, 당국은 긴급하게 해당 법안을 철회할 수밖에 없었다' (As the controversy grew, the authorities had no choice but to urgently withdraw the bill). Here, '철회할 수밖에 없었다' (had no choice but to withdraw) indicates an unavoidable action. The verb can also be used in its noun form, '철회' (withdrawal), often with verbs like '하다' (to do) or '요구하다' (to request). For example, '그는 공식적으로 사과와 함께 자신의 발언 철회를 요구했다' (He officially requested an apology and the withdrawal of his statement).
Pay attention to the particles used with the object of '철회하다', which are typically '-을/를'. The subject is usually marked with '-이/가' or '-은/는'. The verb itself conjugates according to tense and mood, such as '-하다', '-했다', '-할 것이다', '-해야 한다', '-하기로 하다', etc. Understanding these grammatical nuances will allow you to construct and interpret sentences involving '철회하다' accurately.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- Subject + Object (proposal, decision, etc.) + 철회하다 + Verb Ending.
- With Intention
- Subject + Object + 철회하기로 하다 / 철회할 계획이다.
- With Necessity
- Subject + Object + 철회해야 하다 / 철회할 수밖에 없었다.
- Noun Form Usage
- Noun (철회) + 하다 / 요구하다 / 신청하다.
그는 자신의 잘못된 판단을 인정하고 모든 주장을 철회했습니다.
국제 사회의 압력으로 인해 정부는 해당 조치를 철회할 수밖에 없었다.
이번 제안이 받아들여지지 않으면, 우리는 사업 계획 철회를 고려할 것입니다.
You'll frequently encounter '철회하다' in formal and news-related settings. Political discourse is a prime area. When a government or a political party announces a policy, makes a promise during an election campaign, or issues a statement on a sensitive issue, and later decides to reverse that stance, the news media will almost certainly use '철회하다'. For example, a headline might read: '정부, 부동산 대책 철회 결정' (Government decides to withdraw real estate measures). This indicates a significant policy shift often driven by public opinion or economic factors.
Legal contexts are another major domain. Court proceedings, legal announcements, and discussions about lawsuits or legal claims often involve this verb. If a plaintiff decides to drop a case, they would '철회하다' their lawsuit. Similarly, a defendant might '철회하다' their plea. News reports on legal battles will use this term to describe such actions. For instance, '피고인은 자신의 혐의에 대한 인정을 철회했다' (The defendant withdrew his admission of guilt).
Business and economics news also frequently employs '철회하다'. When a company announces a new product launch, a merger, an acquisition, or a significant business decision, and then reverses it due to market conditions, financial issues, or regulatory problems, '철회하다' is the appropriate verb. For example, '대기업, 인수합병 계획 철회' (Large corporation withdraws merger and acquisition plan). This signals a major business development or setback.
Beyond news, you might hear it in formal debates, parliamentary sessions, or official company meetings where decisions are being discussed and potentially reversed. It's less common in casual, everyday conversations among friends, where simpler verbs like '취소하다' (to cancel) might suffice for less significant matters. However, if you are discussing formal agreements, contracts, or important commitments that are being undone, '철회하다' becomes relevant. It's a word that signifies a formal, often impactful, retraction.
- News Headlines
- Commonly used for policy changes, legal actions, and business decisions reported in the media.
- Political Speeches
- Used when politicians retract statements, promises, or proposed legislation.
- Legal Documents
- Found in official court filings, contracts, and legal correspondence concerning the withdrawal of claims or offers.
- Business Meetings
- Used when discussing the reversal of corporate decisions, proposals, or agreements.
국회에서는 야당이 제안했던 법안을 철회하기로 합의했습니다.
회사는 소비자의 불만이 접수되자 해당 광고 문구를 즉시 철회했습니다.
그는 자신의 폭언에 대해 사과하며 모든 비난을 철회할 의사를 밝혔다.
One common mistake learners make is confusing '철회하다' with '취소하다' (chwisohada). While both involve undoing something, '철회하다' is generally more formal and implies retracting a statement, decision, or proposal that has been formally made or presented, often with significant implications. '취소하다' is more versatile and can be used for canceling appointments, reservations, orders, or even less formal promises. For example, you would '취소하다' a dinner reservation, but you would '철회하다' a government policy. Using '취소하다' for a major political decision might sound too informal or trivial.
Another pitfall is overusing '철회하다' in everyday situations. It's not a word for casually taking back something you said in a friendly chat. If you mistakenly say 'I'll be there at 7' and then realize you can't, you wouldn't typically '철회하다' that statement. Instead, you'd inform the person that you can't make it. '철회하다' implies a more official or significant act of retraction. Using it for minor personal matters can sound overly dramatic or out of place.
A third common error relates to grammatical usage. Learners might sometimes omit the object particle '-을/를' or use the wrong particle. The thing being withdrawn is usually the direct object. For instance, saying '그는 발언 철회했다' (He statement withdrew) instead of '그는 발언을 철회했다' (He withdrew his statement) is grammatically incorrect. Also, failing to conjugate the verb correctly according to tense or mood can lead to misunderstandings. For example, using the present tense '-철회하다' when the action has already happened (requiring '-철회했다') would be an error.
Finally, some learners might misunderstand the scope of what can be '철회하다'd. While it covers statements, decisions, and proposals, it's not typically used for canceling physical objects or events that have already occurred and cannot be undone. For instance, you wouldn't '철회하다' a completed purchase (you would return it or cancel an order before completion). The focus is on undoing something that was declared, decided, or offered.
- 철회하다 vs. 취소하다
- '철회하다' is for formal retractions of statements, decisions, or proposals. '취소하다' is more general, used for canceling appointments, orders, reservations, etc.
- Overuse in Casual Settings
- Avoid using '철회하다' for minor, everyday retractions. Stick to more common phrasing or simpler verbs.
- Grammatical Errors
- Ensure correct use of object particles (-을/를) and proper verb conjugation for tense and mood.
- Scope of Usage
- '철회하다' applies to abstract declarations or decisions, not typically to physical events or completed actions.
Mistake: 저는 약속을 철회해야 할 것 같습니다.
Correct: 저는 약속을 취소해야 할 것 같습니다.
Mistake: 그는 그의 의견을 철회.
Correct: 그는 그의 의견을 철회했다.
When '철회하다' feels too formal or specific, several other Korean words can convey similar meanings of undoing or canceling, each with its own nuances. The most common alternative is 취소하다 (chwisohada). As mentioned, '취소하다' is a broader term used for canceling a wide range of things: appointments, reservations, orders, plans, events, and even less formal promises. While '철회하다' is often about retracting a statement or decision that has been formally made, '취소하다' is more about stopping something from happening or undoing a commitment in a more general sense. For example, you would '취소하다' a flight booking, but you would '철회하다' a public statement made by a company. In some contexts, especially for less formal promises, '취소하다' can be used instead of '철회하다', but the reverse is not always true.
Another related word is 무효화하다 (muhyohwahada), which means 'to invalidate' or 'to nullify'. This word emphasizes making something legally or officially void. It's often used in legal or contractual contexts where an agreement, a law, or a document is declared null and void. While '철회하다' is about the act of withdrawing, '무효화하다' is about the state of being invalidated. A decision might be '철회하다'd, and as a result, it becomes '무효화되다' (to become invalidated).
For statements or claims, 번복하다 (beonbokhada) can be used, meaning 'to reverse' or 'to retract' a statement or opinion. This word specifically applies to changing one's mind about something that was said or expressed. It often implies a change of stance or a contradiction of a previous assertion. For instance, a politician might '번복하다' their previous statement due to new evidence or pressure. While '철회하다' can encompass this, '번복하다' focuses more directly on the act of reversing one's words or opinions.
In very specific legal contexts, 해제하다 (haejehada) can be relevant, meaning 'to release', 'to dissolve', or 'to terminate'. This is often used for terminating contracts or agreements. If a contract is '해제하다'd, it means the obligations under that contract are ended. This is different from '철회하다' which is about withdrawing a proposal or statement, rather than ending an ongoing agreement.
Finally, for actions that are simply undone or stopped, 중단하다 (jungdanhada) meaning 'to suspend' or 'to stop' might be considered, but it's usually temporary. '철회하다' implies a more permanent withdrawal. Choosing the right word depends heavily on the context, the formality of the situation, and the specific nature of what is being undone.
- 취소하다 (chwisohada)
- More general term for canceling appointments, orders, plans, reservations. Broader than '철회하다'.
- 무효화하다 (muhyohwahada)
- To invalidate or nullify. Emphasizes making something legally void. Often used in legal contexts.
- 번복하다 (beonbokhada)
- To reverse or retract a statement, opinion, or stance. Focuses on changing one's expressed words.
- 해제하다 (haejehada)
- To release, dissolve, or terminate, often used for contracts and agreements.
- 중단하다 (jungdanhada)
- To suspend or stop, usually implying a temporary halt rather than a permanent withdrawal.
Example: 그는 자신의 이전 발언을 번복했다.
Example: 예약했던 식당에 가지 못해 예약을 취소했다.
Example: 계약 해제 통보를 받았습니다.
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
The Hanja character '撤' (철) is composed of '扌' (hand radical) and '澈' (clear, pure). This combination suggests an action performed by hand to make something clear by removing it or taking it back. The character '回' (회) visually represents a circle or a return path.
Aussprachehilfe
- Pronouncing '철' as 'chol' or 'chul'.
- Omitting the 'h' sound in '하다'.
- Incorrectly stressing the final syllable '다'.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Recognizing '철회하다' in written texts is generally straightforward once its meaning is understood. However, its presence often indicates complex political, legal, or business discussions, which might require broader contextual understanding.
Using '철회하다' correctly in writing requires careful consideration of the context and register. Learners need to distinguish it from '취소하다' and ensure proper grammatical conjugation and particle usage.
Speaking with '철회하다' is less common in everyday conversation. It's more likely to be used in formal presentations, debates, or when discussing news events. Pronunciation and appropriate contextual usage are key challenges.
Understanding '철회하다' in spoken Korean requires good listening comprehension, especially in news broadcasts or formal speeches where it is frequently used. Distinguishing it from similar-sounding words or phrases can be challenging.
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Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Object Particles (-을/를)
The object of '철회하다' (what is being withdrawn) typically takes the object particle '-을' or '-를'. For example, '발언을 철회하다' (to withdraw a statement).
Verb Conjugation (Tense & Mood)
The verb '철회하다' conjugates like other Korean verbs. Past tense: '철회했다'. Future tense: '철회할 것이다'. Necessity: '철회해야 한다'. Intention: '철회하기로 했다'.
Passive Voice (-되다)
To express that something is withdrawn, use the passive form '철회되다'. For example, '그 제안은 철회되었다.' (The offer was withdrawn.)
Connective Endings (-고, -어서)
'철회하고 사과했다.' (Retracted and apologized.) or '정책이 철회되어서 국민들이 안심했다.' (The policy was withdrawn, so the people felt relieved.)
Nominalization (-ㅁ/음)
The noun form '철회' can be used in sentences, often with verbs like '하다'. '그는 발언 철회를 요청했다.' (He requested the retraction of the statement.)
Beispiele nach Niveau
나는 내 약속을 취소해요.
I cancel my promise.
'취소하다' is used for everyday cancellations.
그는 그의 말을 취소했습니다.
He canceled his words.
'취소하다' can sometimes be used for words, but '철회하다' is more formal.
우리는 회의를 취소했어요.
We canceled the meeting.
Common usage for events.
그녀는 주문을 취소하고 싶어요.
She wants to cancel the order.
Standard for commercial transactions.
날씨 때문에 계획을 취소했어요.
We canceled the plan because of the weather.
Simple cancellation due to external factors.
예약을 취소할 수 있나요?
Can I cancel the reservation?
Common question in service industries.
그 제안은 취소되었습니다.
The offer was canceled.
Passive voice, general cancellation.
저는 더 이상 그 약속을 취소하지 않을 거예요.
I will no longer cancel that promise.
Negative future tense for '취소하다'.
회사는 새로운 제품 출시를 취소했습니다.
The company canceled the new product launch.
'취소하다' is common for business decisions.
그는 자신의 잘못된 발언을 취소했다.
He retracted his wrong statement.
Can be used for statements, but less formal than '철회하다'.
여행 계획을 취소해야 해서 아쉬워요.
I'm sad because I have to cancel the travel plans.
Expressing regret over cancellation.
이벤트가 갑자기 취소되었습니다.
The event was suddenly canceled.
Passive voice, sudden cancellation.
그녀는 제안을 취소할 의사가 없다고 말했다.
She said she had no intention of canceling the offer.
Expressing intent regarding cancellation.
우리는 마감일을 연기하는 대신 프로젝트를 취소하기로 결정했습니다.
We decided to cancel the project instead of extending the deadline.
Decision between options, using '취소하다'.
그는 자신의 주장을 취소하고 사과했습니다.
He retracted his claims and apologized.
Combining retraction with apology.
이 티켓은 환불 없이 취소할 수 없습니다.
This ticket cannot be canceled without a refund.
Conditional cancellation.
정부는 국민적 반발에 부딪혀 해당 정책을 철회하기로 결정했습니다.
The government decided to withdraw the policy due to public backlash.
This is a classic example of '철회하다' in a political context.
그는 자신이 했던 모든 발언을 공식적으로 철회했습니다.
He officially retracted all the statements he had made.
'공식적으로' (officially) emphasizes the formality of '철회하다'.
법정에서 증인은 자신의 증언을 철회했습니다.
In court, the witness retracted their testimony.
Legal context for retracting testimony.
사업 계획이 예상대로 진행되지 않아 제안을 철회해야 했습니다.
The offer had to be withdrawn because the business plan did not proceed as expected.
'~해야 했다' indicates necessity or obligation to withdraw.
논란이 커지자, 당국은 긴급하게 해당 법안을 철회할 수밖에 없었습니다.
As the controversy grew, the authorities had no choice but to urgently withdraw the bill.
'~할 수밖에 없었다' implies an unavoidable action of withdrawal.
회사는 소비자들의 강한 반발로 인해 신제품 출시 계획을 철회했습니다.
The company withdrew the new product launch plan due to strong consumer backlash.
Business context with strong negative reaction.
그는 자신의 협박성 발언을 철회하고 사과했습니다.
He retracted his threatening remarks and apologized.
Combining retraction of threats with apology.
새로운 증거가 발견되어, 검찰은 기소 결정을 철회했습니다.
New evidence was discovered, so the prosecution withdrew the decision to indict.
Legal context: withdrawal of indictment decision.
국제 사회의 거센 비난에 직면하여, 국가는 해당 조약을 철회할 수밖에 없었다.
Facing strong international condemnation, the nation had no choice but to withdraw from the treaty.
International relations context, withdrawal from a treaty.
그 정치인은 자신의 과거 발언에 대해 깊은 유감을 표명하며 모든 관련 진술을 철회하겠다고 밝혔다.
The politician expressed deep regret for his past remarks and announced that he would retract all related statements.
Formal announcement of intention to retract statements.
회사는 경영상의 이유로 기존의 인수 제안을 철회하고 새로운 조건을 제시했습니다.
The company withdrew its existing acquisition offer due to business reasons and proposed new terms.
Business negotiation: withdrawing an offer and proposing new terms.
법원은 피고인의 신청을 받아들여 소송을 철회하는 것을 허가했습니다.
The court granted the defendant's request to withdraw the lawsuit.
Legal procedure: court granting withdrawal of a lawsuit.
여론의 급격한 변화로 인해, 정부는 추진하던 개혁안을 철회할 가능성을 시사했습니다.
Due to a drastic shift in public opinion, the government hinted at the possibility of withdrawing the reform bill it was pursuing.
Political maneuvering: hinting at withdrawal due to public opinion.
그는 자신의 잘못된 진술에 대해 책임을 지고 모든 관련 주장을 철회하기로 결심했습니다.
He decided to take responsibility for his erroneous statements and withdraw all related claims.
Personal decision to take responsibility and withdraw claims.
기업은 윤리적 문제 제기로 인해 새로운 광고 캠페인을 즉각 철회했습니다.
The corporation immediately withdrew its new advertising campaign due to ethical concerns raised.
Corporate ethics: withdrawal of a campaign.
협상이 결렬되면서, 양측은 기존의 합의안을 철회하고 새로운 논의를 시작했습니다.
As negotiations broke down, both sides withdrew their existing agreement and began new discussions.
Negotiation context: withdrawing an agreement.
국제 연합은 회원국의 반발로 인해 논란의 소지가 있는 결의안 초안을 철회하기로 결정했습니다.
The United Nations decided to withdraw the controversial draft resolution due to opposition from member states.
International diplomacy: withdrawal of a draft resolution.
그 학자는 자신의 연구 결과에 대한 심각한 오류가 발견되자, 발표했던 논문을 철회할 수밖에 없었습니다.
When serious errors were found in his research findings, the scholar had no choice but to retract the paper he had published.
Academic integrity: retraction of a published paper.
기업은 주주들의 강력한 반대에도 불구하고, 기존의 배당 정책을 철회하지 않겠다고 발표했습니다.
Despite strong opposition from shareholders, the company announced it would not withdraw its existing dividend policy.
Corporate finance: refusal to withdraw a policy.
검찰은 피의자의 자백에 대한 신빙성 문제가 제기되자, 모든 혐의에 대한 기소를 철회했습니다.
As issues of credibility regarding the suspect's confession arose, the prosecution withdrew the indictments for all charges.
Legal proceedings: withdrawal of charges due to confession credibility.
정치권은 국민적 공감대를 얻지 못한 인기 없는 정책을 철회하고 대안 마련에 착수했습니다.
The political sphere withdrew the unpopular policy that failed to gain public consensus and began preparing alternatives.
Political strategy: withdrawing unpopular policy and seeking alternatives.
그는 자신의 과거 행위에 대해 깊은 후회를 느끼며, 모든 공개적인 발언을 철회하고 자숙의 시간을 갖겠다고 선언했습니다.
He expressed deep remorse for his past actions and declared that he would retract all public statements and take time for self-reflection.
Personal accountability: retracting statements and seeking reflection.
외교부는 양국 간의 긴장 완화를 위해, 이전에 발표했던 강경한 입장을 철회할 의사를 비공식적으로 전달했습니다.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs unofficially conveyed its intention to withdraw the previously announced hardline stance to ease tensions between the two countries.
Diplomacy: unofficially conveying intent to withdraw a stance.
언론 기관은 허위 보도로 인한 파장을 최소화하기 위해, 해당 기사를 즉시 철회하고 정정 보도를 내보낼 예정입니다.
The media organization will immediately withdraw the article and issue a correction to minimize the repercussions of the false report.
Media ethics: withdrawing a false report and issuing a correction.
헌법재판소는 위헌 결정을 내린 법률에 대해 정부가 재심을 청구했으나, 이를 철회하도록 권고했습니다.
The Constitutional Court recommended that the government withdraw its request for a retrial on the law it had ruled unconstitutional.
Constitutional law: recommendation to withdraw a request for retrial.
그 기업은 환경 규제 강화에 대한 반발로 인해, 야심차게 추진하던 신기술 도입 계획을 전면 철회했습니다.
The corporation completely withdrew its ambitious plan to introduce new technology due to backlash against stricter environmental regulations.
Corporate strategy: complete withdrawal of a major technological plan.
역사적 맥락을 고려하지 않은 채 성급하게 발표된 선언문은 결국 국제 사회의 비판에 직면하여 철회될 수밖에 없었습니다.
The declaration, hastily made without considering the historical context, ultimately had no choice but to be withdrawn in the face of international criticism.
Historical context: withdrawal of a declaration due to lack of context.
정치적 위기를 모면하기 위해, 정부는 국민적 합의가 부족한 민감한 사안에 대한 정책 추진을 철회하는 방안을 검토하고 있습니다.
To avert a political crisis, the government is considering a plan to withdraw the pursuit of policies on sensitive issues lacking public consensus.
Political crisis management: considering withdrawal of sensitive policies.
해당 판결에 대한 항소는 법률적 절차상 문제점을 이유로 피고 측에 의해 철회되었습니다.
The appeal against the verdict was withdrawn by the defendant's side due to procedural legal issues.
Legal procedure: withdrawal of an appeal due to procedural issues.
그 예술가는 자신의 작품에 대한 해석 논란이 거세지자, 전시 중이던 작품을 철회하고 추가 설명을 덧붙였습니다.
As the debate over the interpretation of his work intensified, the artist withdrew the piece from exhibition and added further explanation.
Artistic context: withdrawal of an artwork due to interpretation controversy.
금융 시장의 불안정성이 고조되면서, 투자 은행은 당초 계획했던 대규모 투자를 철회하기로 결정했습니다.
As financial market instability escalated, the investment bank decided to withdraw its originally planned large-scale investment.
Finance: withdrawal of investment due to market instability.
국가 안보상의 이유로 기밀 해제될 예정이었던 문서들을 철회하고 비공개로 전환하는 조치가 취해졌습니다.
Measures were taken to withdraw documents that were scheduled to be declassified for national security reasons and keep them confidential.
National security: withdrawal of declassification.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— To withdraw a policy.
정부가 국민들의 반발을 우려하여 해당 정책을 철회했습니다.
— To retract one's statement.
그는 자신의 부주의한 발언을 철회하고 사과했습니다.
— To withdraw an offer or proposal.
협상이 결렬되어 제안을 철회할 수밖에 없었습니다.
— To reverse or withdraw a decision.
상황이 급변하여 기존의 결정을 철회해야 했습니다.
— To withdraw a lawsuit.
원고는 경제적 부담 때문에 소송을 철회했습니다.
— To retract one's stance or position.
국제 사회의 압력으로 인해 정부는 강경한 입장을 철회했습니다.
— To withdraw an indictment or prosecution.
새로운 증거가 확보되어 검찰은 기소를 철회했습니다.
— To withdraw from an agreement.
양측은 합의를 철회하고 다시 논의를 시작했습니다.
— To withdraw a campaign promise.
정치인은 선거 후 공약을 철회하는 것에 대해 비판받았습니다.
— To retract an assertion or claim.
그는 자신의 잘못된 주장을 철회하고 정정했습니다.
Wird oft verwechselt mit
'취소하다' is a more general term for canceling things like appointments or orders. '철회하다' is specifically for retracting formal statements, decisions, or proposals, often with significant implications.
'번복하다' specifically refers to reversing or retracting statements or opinions, emphasizing a change of mind about what was said. '철회하다' is broader and can apply to decisions or proposals as well.
'해제하다' is often used for terminating contracts or agreements, meaning to release or dissolve them. '철회하다' is about withdrawing something that was offered or decided upon.
Leicht verwechselbar
Both involve undoing something.
'철회하다' is used for formal retractions of statements, decisions, or proposals, often carrying significant weight. '취소하다' is more general and used for everyday cancellations like appointments, reservations, or orders. Using '취소하다' for a major policy withdrawal might sound too informal.
나는 약속을 취소했다. (I canceled the appointment.) vs. 정부는 정책을 철회했다. (The government withdrew the policy.)
Both can involve taking back something previously said.
'번복하다' specifically refers to reversing or retracting statements, opinions, or stances, focusing on changing one's expressed words. '철회하다' is broader and can apply to decisions, proposals, or offers, not just spoken words.
그는 자신의 주장을 번복했다. (He reversed his claim.) vs. 그는 제안을 철회했다. (He withdrew the offer.)
Both result in something being undone.
'무효화하다' means to invalidate or nullify something, making it legally void. It focuses on the state of being void. '철회하다' is the act of withdrawing or retracting, which may lead to something becoming '무효화되다' (invalidated), but '철회하다' is the active process of withdrawal.
계약이 무효화되었다. (The contract was invalidated.) vs. 그들은 계약을 철회했다. (They withdrew the contract.)
Can mean to withdraw or take back.
'거두다' is often used more literarily or for taking back specific things like accusations, support, or words. '철회하다' is more commonly used for formal decisions, policies, proposals, and statements in political, legal, and business contexts.
그는 비난을 거두었다. (He withdrew his accusations.) vs. 정부는 정책을 철회했다. (The government withdrew the policy.)
Both can involve ending something.
'해제하다' typically means to release, dissolve, or terminate something, often used for contracts or legal obligations. '철회하다' is about withdrawing a proposal, decision, or statement, not necessarily ending an existing agreement.
계약이 해제되었다. (The contract was terminated.) vs. 그는 제안을 철회했다. (He withdrew the offer.)
Satzmuster
Subject + Object + 철회하다.
나는 약속을 철회했다. (I withdrew my promise.)
Object + 철회되다.
그 제안은 철회되었다. (The offer was withdrawn.)
Subject + Object + 철회하기로 하다.
정부는 정책을 철회하기로 했다. (The government decided to withdraw the policy.)
Subject + Object + 철회해야 하다.
그는 자신의 발언을 철회해야 한다. (He must withdraw his statement.)
Subject + Object + 철회할 수밖에 없었다.
국제적 압력으로 인해 법안을 철회할 수밖에 없었다. (Due to international pressure, they had no choice but to withdraw the bill.)
Subject + Object + 철회하고 + Verb.
그는 자신의 주장을 철회하고 사과했다. (He withdrew his claim and apologized.)
Subject + Object + 철회할 의사를 밝혔다.
정치인은 자신의 발언을 철회할 의사를 밝혔다. (The politician expressed his intention to withdraw his statement.)
Subject + Object + 철회 + Noun form + Verb.
그는 발언 철회를 요청했다. (He requested the retraction of the statement.)
Wortfamilie
Substantive
Verben
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
High in formal contexts, Low in everyday conversation.
-
Using '철회하다' for everyday cancellations.
→
Using '취소하다' or simpler phrasing.
'철회하다' is for formal retractions of significant statements, decisions, or proposals. For canceling appointments, reservations, or casual plans, '취소하다' is the appropriate word.
-
Incorrect particle usage with the object.
→
Using '-을/를' with the noun being withdrawn.
The thing being withdrawn is the direct object. For example, '그는 발언을 철회했다.' (He withdrew his statement), not '그는 발언 철회했다.'
-
Confusing '철회하다' with '번복하다' or '무효화하다'.
→
Understanding the specific nuance of each word.
'번복하다' is for reversing statements, '무효화하다' is for invalidating. '철회하다' is the act of withdrawing.
-
Incorrect verb conjugation (tense/mood).
→
Using the correct conjugation based on context.
Ensuring the verb agrees with the tense (past, present, future) and mood (necessity, intention) of the sentence is crucial for accurate communication.
-
Overusing the passive form '철회되다' when an active voice is more appropriate.
→
Choosing between active ('철회하다') and passive ('철회되다') voice based on the sentence's focus.
While '철회되다' is common in news reports, using the active voice ('Subject + 철회하다') is important when the actor is known and emphasized.
Tipps
Object Particles Matter
Remember to use the correct object particles (-을/를) with the noun that is being withdrawn. For example, '그는 자신의 발언을 철회했다.' (He withdrew his statement.)
Synonym Awareness
Be aware of similar words like '취소하다', '번복하다', and '무효화하다'. Understanding their subtle differences will help you choose the most precise word for your intended meaning.
Syllable Stress
Pay attention to the stress pattern. The primary stress is on the first syllable '철' (cheol), and secondary stress is on '하' (ha). Clear pronunciation is important in formal settings.
Visual Association
Create a mental image of a hand pulling back a formal document or banner to remember the meaning of '철회하다' as a formal retraction.
Sentence Construction
Practice creating sentences using '철회하다' in various formal contexts. Try writing about hypothetical political decisions, legal cases, or business scenarios where something needs to be withdrawn.
Read News and Reports
Actively seek out Korean news articles, political analyses, and legal reports. This will expose you to authentic usage of '철회하다' and help you understand its nuances in real-world situations.
Passive Form Usage
Familiarize yourself with the passive form '철회되다' (to be withdrawn). This is often used when reporting on decisions or policies that have been officially retracted by an authority.
Formality Matters
Understand that '철회하다' carries a significant level of formality. Using it appropriately demonstrates an understanding of Korean social and linguistic etiquette in formal settings.
Role-Playing Scenarios
Engage in role-playing exercises where you have to formally retract a statement or decision. This can help build confidence in using '철회하다' in a spoken context.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Imagine a politician making a grand speech ('회' - 'hwe' sounding like 'way' for 'way' too much talk) and then having to '철' (cheol - sounding like 'chilly' or 'chill') out and take back their words because they were cold or wrong. The '하다' (hada) is just the verb ending.
Visuelle Assoziation
Visualize a hand (representing the '철' character's radical) pulling back a banner that says 'DECISION MADE' or 'PROMISE'. The banner is being returned, hence the '회' (return).
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to use '철회하다' in at least three different sentences describing hypothetical situations: one political, one business, and one personal (though formal). For example, 'The company decided to철회하다 the product launch due to safety concerns.' or 'The politician철회하다 his controversial statement after public outcry.'
Wortherkunft
The word '철회하다' is derived from Sino-Korean Hanja characters. '철' (撤) means 'to withdraw' or 'to remove', and '회' (回) means 'to return' or 'to revolve'. Together, they literally mean 'to withdraw and return', implying taking back something that was put forth.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To withdraw and return something previously presented or decided.
Sino-KoreanKultureller Kontext
The act of '철회하다' can sometimes be politically sensitive, as it may imply an admission of error or a change of heart under duress. The way it is reported or communicated can significantly impact public perception.
In English, phrases like 'to withdraw a statement', 'to retract a promise', 'to cancel a decision', or 'to revoke a proposal' are common equivalents. The formality of '철회하다' aligns well with these English expressions.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Political News & Debates
- 정부는 정책을 철회했다.
- 야당은 정부의 결정을 철회하라고 요구했다.
- 그 정치인은 자신의 발언을 철회했다.
Legal Proceedings
- 피고는 소송을 철회했다.
- 검찰은 기소를 철회했다.
- 법원은 증언 철회를 허가했다.
Business & Finance
- 회사는 제안을 철회했다.
- 투자 은행은 계획을 철회했다.
- 기업은 광고 캠페인을 철회했다.
Formal Announcements
- 성명서를 철회하다.
- 결의안 초안을 철회하다.
- 이전의 발표를 철회하다.
International Relations
- 국가는 조약을 철회했다.
- 외교부는 입장을 철회했다.
- 국제 사회는 결정을 철회하도록 압박했다.
Gesprächseinstiege
"Have you ever heard about a time when a government had to withdraw a policy?"
"What do you think are the reasons a company might retract a product announcement?"
"If someone makes a formal promise and then retracts it, what should happen?"
"How does 'withdrawing a statement' differ from simply 'canceling' something in formal contexts?"
"Can you imagine a situation where a politician would absolutely need to retract their words?"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Describe a hypothetical scenario where you might need to formally retract a decision you made. What would be the consequences?
Write a short news report about a fictional company withdrawing a product launch. Include the reasons for the withdrawal.
Reflect on a time you wished you could retract something you said or did. What was it and why?
Imagine you are a politician making a public statement. What are the potential pitfalls that might force you to retract it later?
Discuss the importance of accountability when leaders or organizations make decisions that later need to be withdrawn.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 Fragen'철회하다' is used for formally retracting or withdrawing statements, decisions, proposals, or promises, especially in significant political, legal, or business contexts. '취소하다' is a more general term used for canceling a wider range of things, such as appointments, reservations, orders, or less formal plans. Think of '철회하다' as a more official and weighty act of retraction than '취소하다'.
While technically possible, '철회하다' is generally too formal for everyday personal promises. For casual retractions of personal commitments, '취소하다' or simply explaining that you cannot fulfill the promise is more natural and common.
You can '철회하다' statements, speeches, remarks, claims, arguments, proposals, offers, decisions, policies, laws, regulations, lawsuits, indictments, and sometimes even formal promises or agreements. Essentially, anything that has been officially declared, decided, or put forth.
The noun form is '철회' (cheolhoe), which means 'withdrawal' or 'retraction'. It is often used with verbs like '하다' (to do), '요구하다' (to request), or '결정하다' (to decide). For example, '정책 철회' (policy withdrawal) or '발언 철회를 요청하다' (to request the retraction of a statement).
Yes, but primarily in formal spoken contexts such as news reports, political debates, official announcements, or formal presentations. It is not commonly used in casual conversations among friends.
If a court '철회하다's a decision, it means the court is officially retracting or nullifying a decision it previously made. This could happen due to new evidence, procedural errors, or a change in legal interpretation.
A company might '철회하다' a product launch or a specific product from the market due to safety concerns, unexpected technical issues, strong negative consumer feedback, or a change in market strategy. This is a formal act of withdrawing the product.
'철회하다' is about withdrawing or retracting something that was proposed or decided. '해제하다' generally means to release, dissolve, or terminate something, often used for contracts or legal obligations. For instance, you '철회하다' an offer, but you '해제하다' a contract.
It's less common to use '철회하다' for historical events that have already happened and cannot be undone. However, one might discuss a historical decision that was later '철회되다'd (withdrawn) by the authorities at the time.
Using '철회하다' implies a higher degree of formality, seriousness, and officiality. It suggests that the matter being withdrawn is significant and requires a formal act of retraction, rather than a casual cancellation.
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Summary
철회하다 (cheolhoehada) is a formal verb meaning to officially withdraw or retract a previously made statement, decision, proposal, or promise, often used in significant political, legal, or business contexts.
- To officially retract a prior statement, decision, or promise.
- Common in politics, law, and formal business.
- Implies a reversal of a commitment.
- More formal than '취소하다'.
Context is Key
Always consider the context when deciding whether to use '철회하다'. It's best suited for formal situations involving political statements, legal actions, business decisions, or official proposals. For everyday cancellations, '취소하다' is usually more appropriate.
Object Particles Matter
Remember to use the correct object particles (-을/를) with the noun that is being withdrawn. For example, '그는 자신의 발언을 철회했다.' (He withdrew his statement.)
Synonym Awareness
Be aware of similar words like '취소하다', '번복하다', and '무효화하다'. Understanding their subtle differences will help you choose the most precise word for your intended meaning.
Syllable Stress
Pay attention to the stress pattern. The primary stress is on the first syllable '철' (cheol), and secondary stress is on '하' (ha). Clear pronunciation is important in formal settings.
Beispiel
거센 반대에 부딪히자 위원회는 계획을 철회하기로 했다.
Verwandte Inhalte
Mehr politics Wörter
공표하다
B2To officially and publicly announce a law, result, or decision to everyone. It is a very formal term used by government bodies or large organizations.
권위
B1Die Macht oder das Recht, Befehle zu erteilen; auch die anerkannte Fachkenntnis in einem bestimmten Bereich.
표방
B2Einen bestimmten Grundsatz, eine Politik oder eine Identität öffentlich beanspruchen oder befürworten. Offene Erklärung eines Standpunkts oder Ziels.
유착
B2Das Verwachsen von Gewebe nach einer Operation oder die illegale Zusammenarbeit zwischen Politik und Wirtschaft.
절충하다
B2To reconcile different opinions, interests, or methods by finding a middle ground or combining the best parts of each.
결집
B2Der Akt des Sammelns oder Konzentrierens verstreuter Dinge, Menschen oder Kräfte an einem Ort für einen bestimmten Zweck. Es wird häufig in politischen oder technischen Kontexten verwendet.
합의
B2Der Akt des Erreichens einer gegenseitigen Vereinbarung oder eines Konsenses nach einer Diskussion.
보수적
B2Bestrebt, bestehende Bedingungen oder Institutionen zu bewahren. Vorsichtig gegenüber Veränderungen oder Innovationen.
보수적이다
B2Konservativ sein; die Tendenz haben, bestehende Traditionen, Systeme oder Werte beizubehalten. "Die Firma hat eine konservative Kultur." / "Er hat eine konservative Sicht auf die Ehe."
통제
B1The act of directing, restricting, or managing something or someone's behavior or a situation.
