promocja in 30 Sekunden
- Promocja means a sale, discount, or marketing event.
- It's used for special offers in shops and services.
- It aims to increase popularity or sales.
- Think 'sale' or 'special offer'.
You'll frequently encounter "promocja" in commercial contexts. Shops, especially supermarkets and department stores, regularly announce "promocje" on various goods. These might be "promocja" on electronics during Black Friday, a "promocja" on seasonal clothing, or a "promocja" on food items to encourage bulk buying. The word signals an opportunity for consumers to get something at a reduced price or with added benefits. For example, a store might advertise "Wielka promocja na wszystko!" (Big promotion on everything!).
Beyond retail, "promocja" is used in the service industry. A restaurant might have a "promocja" for a new dish or a "promocja" on lunch menus. A cinema could offer a "promocja" on movie tickets on certain days. Event organizers use "promocja" to draw attention to concerts, festivals, or exhibitions. Think of phrases like "promocja biletów" (ticket promotion) or "promocja kulturalna" (cultural promotion).
The concept also extends to academic and professional spheres. Universities might have "promocja" for their open days or for new study programs. Companies engage in "promocja" of their brand or new products through various media channels. A "promocja" can even refer to the act of promotion in a career sense, though this is less common than the commercial meaning and might be expressed more specifically as "awans" (promotion in rank). However, in the context of marketing and public awareness, "promocja" is the go-to term.
The word "promocja" is derived from the Latin "promotio," meaning advancement or encouragement. This etymological root highlights the core idea of moving something forward, making it more prominent, or giving it a boost. It's a dynamic word, suggesting an active process of engagement and advancement.
Consider its use in public service announcements or campaigns. A government agency might run a "promocja" for a new health initiative or a "promocja" of road safety. The goal is to inform and encourage public participation or awareness. In these cases, the "promocja" is less about direct sales and more about public good and information dissemination.
When you see signs like "Specjalna promocja!" or "Tylko dzisiaj promocja!" you know you're likely to find a good deal or an interesting event. It’s a signal of something special happening, an opportunity to engage with a product, service, or idea in a beneficial way. The word itself carries a positive connotation, implying progress, benefit, and increased attention. Understanding "promocja" is key to navigating Polish commercial and public life effectively.
Sklep ogłosił promocję na wszystkie artykuły zimowe.
Właśnie trwa promocja na kawę w naszej ulubionej kawiarni.
- Key Uses
- Sales and Discounts: Special offers, reduced prices, buy-one-get-one-free deals.
- Marketing Campaigns: Advertising, product launches, brand awareness activities.
- Events and Entertainment: Promotions for concerts, festivals, exhibitions, and special events.
- Public Awareness: Campaigns for health, safety, or social causes.
The most straightforward use is in the nominative case, where "promocja" is the subject or complement. For instance, "Ta promocja jest bardzo korzystna." (This promotion is very beneficial.) Here, "promocja" is the subject of the sentence. Another example: "To nasza najlepsza promocja w tym roku." (This is our best promotion this year.)
In commercial contexts, "promocja" is often used with prepositions like "na" (on) or "w" (in) followed by the accusative case. This indicates what the promotion applies to. For example: "Mamy promocję na wszystkie buty." (We have a promotion on all shoes.) Or: "Szukaliśmy promocji w gazetkach sklepowych." (We were looking for promotions in store flyers.) The genitive case is frequently used to indicate possession or belonging, often with numbers or when talking about a specific type of promotion: "Kończy się promocja dwudziestu procent zniżki." (The promotion of twenty percent discount is ending.)
When discussing the act of promoting or the cause of a promotion, the instrumental case is common: "Sklep zasłynął z agresywnej promocji swoich produktów." (The store became famous for aggressive promotion of its products.) Here, "promocji" is in the instrumental case, indicating the means by which the store became famous.
The locative case, usually preceded by prepositions like "o" (about) or "w" (in), is used to specify the topic or location of the promotion: "Rozmawialiśmy o tej nowej promocji." (We talked about this new promotion.) Or: "W tej gazecie znajdziesz informacje o promocjach." (In this newspaper, you will find information about promotions.)
When referring to multiple promotional activities, the plural form "promocje" is used. For example: "Sieć sklepów przygotowała liczne promocje." (The chain of stores prepared numerous promotions.) Or: "Czy widziałeś te atrakcyjne promocje w supermarkecie?" (Did you see these attractive promotions in the supermarket?)
Pay attention to common verbs that pair with "promocja": "ogłosić promocję" (to announce a promotion), "zorganizować promocję" (to organize a promotion), "korzystać z promocji" (to take advantage of a promotion), "reklamować promocję" (to advertise a promotion), "trwać promocja" (a promotion is ongoing).
Understanding these grammatical nuances will allow you to use "promocja" accurately and naturally in various Polish sentences, whether you are shopping, discussing marketing, or simply observing commercial activities.
Mamy promocję na wszystkie lody przez cały weekend.
Ta restauracja słynie z ciekawych promocji.
- Common Verb Collocations
- Ogłosić promocję (to announce a promotion)
- Zorganizować promocję (to organize a promotion)
- Korzystać z promocji (to take advantage of a promotion)
- Trwać promocja (a promotion is ongoing)
In the media, "promocja" is a staple. Television commercials, radio ads, and online banner ads frequently mention "promocja" to attract viewers and listeners. Newspapers and magazines will have dedicated sections or advertisements highlighting current "promocje". For example, a TV ad might show happy families enjoying discounted products and say: "Nie przegap naszej jesiennej promocji!" (Don't miss our autumn promotion!).
When you're out and about in cities, you'll see "promocja" advertised on billboards, bus stops, and public transport. Event organizers use it to promote concerts, theater performances, exhibitions, and festivals. A poster for a music festival might proclaim: "Specjalna promocja cenowa dla studentów!" (Special price promotion for students!).
Service industries also heavily rely on "promocja". Restaurants will advertise "promocja dnia" (promotion of the day) or "promocja na lunch". Cinemas might have a "promocja" on tickets on certain days of the week. Gyms could offer "promocja" for new members or seasonal discounts. You might hear a receptionist say: "Czy interesuje Pana nasza obecna promocja karnetów?" (Are you interested in our current pass promotion?).
Even in less commercial settings, the word can appear. Universities might announce "promocja" for open days or new courses. Bookstores have "promocja" on new releases or author signings. Government campaigns or non-profit organizations might use "promocja" for public awareness initiatives, such as a "promocja zdrowego stylu życia" (promotion of a healthy lifestyle).
In conversations with Polish friends or colleagues, the topic of "promocja" will inevitably come up when discussing shopping or deals. Someone might ask: "Słyszałeś o tej promocji w Lidlu?" (Did you hear about that promotion in Lidl?) or "Muszę skorzystać z tej promocji, zanim się skończy." (I have to take advantage of this promotion before it ends.). The word is so common that it's almost impossible to avoid hearing it in various contexts throughout the day.
Essentially, any time there's an effort to draw attention to something, increase its appeal, or offer a special deal, "promocja" is likely to be involved. It's a fundamental word for understanding Polish consumer culture and public discourse.
W radiu słyszałem o promocji na samochody.
Na przystanku autobusowym wisiał plakat zapowiadający promocję biletów.
- Common Places to Hear
- Supermarkets and retail stores
- Television and radio advertisements
- Billboards and public transport ads
- Restaurant and service provider menus/flyers
- Online advertisements and social media
Another potential error relates to grammatical case usage. As "promocja" is a feminine noun, its endings change depending on its grammatical function in a sentence. Learners might incorrectly use the nominative form when another case is required. For instance, when talking about taking advantage of a sale, they might say "Korzystam promocja" instead of the correct "Korzystam z promocji" (I am taking advantage of the promotion). The preposition "z" (with/from) requires the genitive case, so "promocja" becomes "promocji". Similarly, when indicating what the promotion is on, using the wrong case after "na" can be an issue. It should be the accusative case: "Promocja na buty" (Promotion on shoes), not "Promocja na butów" (incorrect genitive).
Confusion can also arise with the plural form. While "promocja" is singular, "promocje" is plural. Learners might mistakenly use the singular form when referring to multiple offers: "Widziałem dużo promocja w sklepie" instead of "Widziałem dużo promocji w sklepie" (I saw many promotions in the store). The quantifier "dużo" (a lot of) requires the genitive plural.
Overuse or misuse in contexts where it doesn't fit can also be a problem. While "promocja" is widely used for sales and marketing, applying it to every instance of something being "advanced" or "supported" might sound unnatural. For example, calling a scientific discovery a "promocja" of knowledge would be incorrect. For such abstract concepts, other words like "rozwój" (development) or "postęp" (progress) would be more appropriate. The core idea of "promocja" is tied to making something more visible, desirable, or accessible, often with a commercial intent.
Finally, learners might sometimes struggle with the subtle difference between a general "promocja" and a specific discount. While a "promocja" almost always implies a benefit for the consumer, it's a broad term. A specific discount might be a "zniżka" (discount) or a "wyprzedaż" (sale/clearance). Knowing when to use "promocja" versus these more specific terms can enhance fluency.
To avoid these mistakes, it's crucial to pay attention to context, practice grammatical cases, and observe how native speakers use the word in different situations. Focusing on the commercial and marketing aspect of "promocja" will help you use it correctly most of the time.
On jest w promocji.
Kupiłem to na promocja.
- Common Pitfalls
- Confusing with career advancement (use "awans").
- Incorrect case usage after prepositions like "z" or "na".
- Using singular form when plural "promocje" is needed.
- Misapplying the term to abstract concepts of progress.
- Wyprzedaż (sale, clearance)
- This word specifically refers to a large-scale sale, often to clear out old stock, seasonal items, or to make space for new inventory. It implies significant price reductions. While a "wyprzedaż" is a type of "promocja," not all "promocje" are "wyprzedaże." A "wyprzedaż" is typically more extensive and aggressive in its pricing.
Example: "Wielka wyprzedaż kończy się w niedzielę." (The big sale ends on Sunday.)
- Zniżka (discount)
- "Zniżka" refers to a reduction in price. It can be a percentage (e.g., "dwadzieścia procent zniżki" - twenty percent discount) or a fixed amount. A "promocja" often involves "zniżki," but "zniżka" itself is the specific price reduction, while "promocja" is the overall activity or event that includes it. You can have a "promocja" that offers a "zniżka."
Example: "Mam kartę stałego klienta i dostaję zniżki." (I have a loyalty card and I get discounts.)
- Oferta specjalna (special offer)
- This is a very close synonym to "promocja" and is often used interchangeably, especially in marketing. It emphasizes something that is particularly attractive or limited-time. It's a broader term than just a price reduction and can include bundles, gifts with purchase, or other benefits.
Example: "Ta oferta specjalna jest dostępna tylko przez tydzień." (This special offer is available for only a week.)
- Kampania marketingowa (marketing campaign)
- This is a more formal and strategic term. A "kampania marketingowa" is a planned series of activities designed to achieve specific marketing goals, which could include increasing brand awareness, launching a product, or driving sales. A "promocja" is often a component or a result of a larger "kampania marketingowa."
Example: "Firma zainwestowała w nową kampanię marketingową." (The company invested in a new marketing campaign.)
- Akcja promocyjna (promotional action)
- This is a more specific term referring to a particular action or event within a broader promotional strategy. It's very similar in meaning to "promocja" itself, often highlighting a specific event or initiative.
Example: "Organizujemy akcję promocyjną z okazji otwarcia nowego sklepu." (We are organizing a promotional action on the occasion of the new store opening.)
- Reklama (advertisement)
- This refers to the actual advertisement itself – the ad in a newspaper, the commercial on TV, or the online banner. "Reklama" is a tool used for "promocja," but it's not the promotion itself.
Example: "Widziałem świetną reklamę tej promocji." (I saw a great advertisement for this promotion.)
Understanding these distinctions allows for more precise communication. While "promocja" is a safe and common choice, knowing these alternatives enriches your vocabulary and comprehension.
Aussprachehilfe
- Pronouncing the 'c' as 'k'.
- Not trilling the 'r' sound.
- Misplacing stress on the first syllable.
- Pronouncing the 'j' as a separate vowel sound.
- Over-emphasizing the unstressed vowels.
Beispiele nach Niveau
Jest promocja na chleb.
There is a promotion on bread.
Simple sentence structure, nominative case for 'promocja'.
Duża promocja w sklepie.
Big promotion in the shop.
Implied verb 'jest' (is), locative case for 'sklepie'.
Kupię na promocji.
I will buy it on promotion.
Preposition 'na' requires locative case (though often simplified in speech to 'promocji').
Dobra promocja!
Good promotion!
Exclamatory phrase, nominative case.
Promocja na kawę.
Promotion on coffee.
Preposition 'na' followed by accusative case ('kawę').
Zobacz promocję!
See the promotion!
Imperative verb 'Zobacz', accusative case for 'promocję'.
Promocja trwa.
The promotion is ongoing.
Simple subject-verb structure.
Tania promocja.
Cheap promotion.
Adjective 'tania' agrees in gender with 'promocja'.
W sklepie jest wielka promocja na ubrania.
There is a big promotion on clothes in the shop.
Use of locative case for 'sklepie' and accusative for 'ubrania'.
Czy widziałeś tę promocję?
Did you see this promotion?
Accusative case for 'tę promocję' after 'widziałeś'.
Ta promocja kończy się jutro.
This promotion ends tomorrow.
Nominative case for 'Ta promocja', simple present tense verb.
Lubię korzystać z promocji.
I like to take advantage of promotions.
Genitive case after preposition 'z' ('z promocji').
Szukamy dobrej promocji na wakacje.
We are looking for a good promotion for vacation.
Preposition 'na' requires accusative case ('wakacje').
W gazecie była reklama promocji.
There was an advertisement for the promotion in the newspaper.
Locative case for 'gazecie', genitive case for 'promocji'.
To jest nasza specjalna promocja.
This is our special promotion.
Possessive pronoun 'nasza' agrees with 'promocja'.
Czekam na promocję.
I am waiting for a promotion.
Accusative case after preposition 'na' ('promocję').
Supermarket ogłosił atrakcyjną promocję na artykuły spożywcze.
The supermarket announced an attractive promotion on groceries.
Accusative case for 'atrakcyjną promocję' and 'artykuły spożywcze'.
Czy możemy skorzystać z tej promocji, mimo że nie jesteśmy klientami?
Can we take advantage of this promotion, even though we are not customers?
Genitive case 'z tej promocji' after 'z'; concessive clause with 'mimo że'.
Ta promocja jest ograniczona czasowo.
This promotion is time-limited.
Adjective 'ograniczona czasowo' modifies 'promocja'.
Chcemy zorganizować promocję naszego nowego produktu.
We want to organize a promotion for our new product.
Instrumental case for 'promocję' after 'zorganizować'.
Warto śledzić gazetki, żeby nie przegapić dobrej promocji.
It's worth checking the flyers so as not to miss a good promotion.
Genitive case 'dobrej promocji' after 'nie przegapić'.
Firma zainwestowała dużo pieniędzy w promocję.
The company invested a lot of money in promotion.
Accusative case for 'promocję' after 'w'.
Jaka jest największa promocja w tym miesiącu?
What is the biggest promotion this month?
Superlative adjective 'największa' agrees with 'promocja'.
Nie podoba mi się ta forma promocji.
I don't like this form of promotion.
Genitive case 'tej promocji' after 'forma'.
Sieć sklepów przygotowała szeroko zakrojoną promocję z okazji dziesięciolecia istnienia.
The chain of stores prepared a large-scale promotion on the occasion of its tenth anniversary.
Genitive case 'dziesięciolecia istnienia' after 'z okazji'.
Krytycy zarzucają im zbyt agresywną promocję produktu.
Critics accuse them of too aggressive promotion of the product.
Accusative case 'zbyt agresywną promocję' after 'zarzucają' (accusative object).
Celem tej promocji jest zwiększenie świadomości marki wśród młodszych konsumentów.
The goal of this promotion is to increase brand awareness among younger consumers.
Genitive case 'tej promocji' after 'cel' (goal of).
Mimo początkowych wątpliwości, promocja okazała się sukcesem.
Despite initial doubts, the promotion turned out to be a success.
Nominative case 'promocja' as subject; instrumental case 'sukcesem' after 'okazała się'.
Warto zastanowić się nad alternatywnymi formami promocji, które nie obciążają budżetu.
It is worth considering alternative forms of promotion that do not burden the budget.
Genitive case 'alternatywnymi formami promocji' after 'nad'.
Ich strategia promocji opiera się na mediach społecznościowych.
Their promotion strategy is based on social media.
Genitive case 'promocji' after 'strategia'.
Ta promocja skierowana jest do studentów i emerytów.
This promotion is targeted at students and pensioners.
Nominative case 'promocja' as subject; preposition 'do' requires genitive case ('studentów', 'emerytów').
Organizatorzy zapowiedzieli serię wydarzeń promocyjnych.
The organizers announced a series of promotional events.
Genitive plural 'wydarzeń promocyjnych' after 'serię'.
Skuteczność tejże promocji była analizowana pod kątem zwrotu z inwestycji.
The effectiveness of this very promotion was analyzed in terms of return on investment.
Genitive case 'tejże promocji' after 'skuteczność'; genitive case 'zwrotu z inwestycji' after 'pod kątem'.
Debata publiczna skupiła się na etycznych aspektach promocji produktów tytoniowych.
The public debate focused on the ethical aspects of tobacco product promotion.
Genitive case 'promocji produktów tytoniowych' after 'aspektach'.
Ich innowacyjne podejście do promocji pozwoliło im zdobyć znaczącą pozycję na rynku.
Their innovative approach to promotion allowed them to gain a significant market position.
Genitive case 'do promocji' after 'podejście'; instrumental case 'znaczącą pozycję' after 'zdobyć'.
Należy rozróżnić promocję konsumencką od promocji skierowanej do odbiorcy biznesowego.
One should distinguish consumer promotion from promotion targeted at business recipients.
Genitive case 'promocji konsumenckiej' and 'promocji skierowanej do odbiorcy biznesowego' after 'rozróżnić'.
Przedsięwzięcie to miało na celu nie tylko promocję marki, ale również budowanie jej wizerunku.
This undertaking aimed not only at brand promotion but also at building its image.
Genitive case 'promocji marki' after 'celu'; genitive case 'jej wizerunku' after 'budowanie'.
Zastosowano zaawansowane techniki psychologiczne w celu skutecznej promocji produktu.
Advanced psychological techniques were used for effective product promotion.
Genitive case 'skutecznej promocji produktu' after 'celu'.
Kwestia finansowania promocji wydarzeń kulturalnych budzi kontrowersje.
The issue of financing cultural event promotion raises controversy.
Genitive case 'promocji wydarzeń kulturalnych' after 'finansowania'.
Jego książka zdobyła uznanie dzięki umiejętnie przeprowadzonej promocji.
His book gained recognition thanks to skillfully conducted promotion.
Instrumental case 'umiejętnie przeprowadzonej promocji' after 'dzięki'.
Analiza wpływu zintegrowanych kampanii promocyjnych na decyzje zakupowe konsumentów wymaga dogłębnych badań.
Analyzing the impact of integrated promotional campaigns on consumer purchasing decisions requires in-depth research.
Genitive case 'zintegrowanych kampanii promocyjnych' after 'wpływu'; genitive case 'decyzje zakupowe konsumentów' after 'wpływu'.
Należy mieć na uwadze, że nadmierna promocja może prowadzić do przesycenia rynku i utraty autentyczności.
It should be borne in mind that excessive promotion can lead to market saturation and loss of authenticity.
Nominative case 'nadmierna promocja' as subject; genitive case 'rynku' after 'przesycenia'.
Podejmowane działania promocyjne winny być spójne z długoterminową strategią wizerunkową firmy.
The promotional activities undertaken should be consistent with the company's long-term image strategy.
Nominative case 'Podejmowane działania promocyjne' as subject; genitive case 'firmy' after 'wizerunkową'.
Kwestia etycznej promocji dóbr luksusowych stanowi wyzwanie dla współczesnych marketerów.
The issue of ethical promotion of luxury goods poses a challenge for contemporary marketers.
Genitive case 'etycznej promocji dóbr luksusowych' after 'kwestia'.
W erze cyfrowej promocja staje się coraz bardziej spersonalizowana i zorientowana na dane.
In the digital era, promotion is becoming increasingly personalized and data-driven.
Nominative case 'promocja' as subject.
Rozważamy rewizję strategii promocji, uwzględniając nowe trendy i preferencje odbiorców.
We are considering a revision of the promotion strategy, taking into account new trends and audience preferences.
Genitive case 'strategii promocji' after 'rewizję'.
Jego nowatorska koncepcja promocji spotkała się z entuzjastycznym przyjęciem ze strony środowiska branżowego.
His innovative concept of promotion was met with an enthusiastic reception from the industry community.
Genitive case 'nowatorska koncepcja promocji' after 'jego'; instrumental case 'entuzjastycznym przyjęciem' after 'spotkała się'.
Skala i zasięg działań promocyjnych miały niebagatelny wpływ na rozpoznawalność marki.
The scale and reach of the promotional activities had a significant impact on brand recognition.
Genitive plural 'działań promocyjnych' after 'skala i zasięg'; genitive case 'rozpoznawalność marki' after 'wpływ'.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— A big sale! This is often used as a catchy slogan to attract attention.
Właśnie zobaczyliśmy plakat: 'Duża promocja!' i od razu weszliśmy do sklepu.
— The promotion lasts until... This indicates the end date of the special offer.
Ta promocja trwa do końca tygodnia, więc musimy się pospieszyć.
— Promotion on everything! This implies a store-wide sale.
Supermarket ogłosił 'Promocja na wszystko!' i kolejki były ogromne.
— To take advantage of a promotion/sale. It means to benefit from the special offer.
Zawsze staram się korzystać z promocji, żeby zaoszczędzić pieniądze.
— Don't miss the promotion! This is a common call to action in advertising.
Reklama na billboardzie krzyczała: 'Nie przegap promocji!'
— Special promotion. This emphasizes that the offer is unique or particularly attractive.
Mamy specjalną promocję dla naszych stałych klientów.
— Seasonal promotion. This refers to sales tied to a specific season (e.g., summer, winter).
Teraz jest promocja sezonowa na ubrania zimowe.
— Promotion day. A specific day dedicated to sales or promotional activities.
W najbliższą sobotę będzie dzień promocji w centrum handlowym.
— As part of the promotion. Used to explain what is included in the offer.
W ramach promocji dostaniesz drugi produkt za pół ceny.
— Promotion for new customers. An offer specifically designed to attract new business.
Ta firma oferuje atrakcyjną promocję dla nowych klientów.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— To catch a promotion; to manage to get a good deal during a sale. It implies actively seeking and succeeding in finding a good offer.
Udało mi się dzisiaj złapać świetną promocję na buty sportowe.
Informal— To live by promotions; to primarily shop during sales and special offers. It suggests a lifestyle centered around finding deals.
Nie kupuję niczego w pełnej cenie, ja żyję promocją!
Informal— Promotion chases promotion; sales and special offers are happening one after another, almost continuously.
W tym sklepie promocja goni promocję, nigdy nie płacę pełnej ceny.
Informal— Promotion after promotion; a continuous stream of sales and special offers.
Po świętach była promocja za promocją, ciężko było się zdecydować.
Informal— To seize a promotional opportunity; to take advantage of a good deal when it appears.
Musiałem szybko chwycić tę okazję promocyjną, bo zaraz się skończy.
Informal— A promotion like a dream; an exceptionally good or desirable sale.
Widziałem dzisiaj w sklepie promocję jak marzenie na telewizory.
Informal— A promotion worth its weight in gold; an extremely valuable or beneficial sale.
Ta promocja na artykuły dla dzieci jest na wagę złota dla młodych rodziców.
Informal— To stumble upon a promotion; to find a sale by chance.
Wpadłem na promocję w drogerii i kupiłem wszystko, czego potrzebowałem.
Informal— The promotion of a lifetime; an exceptionally good and rare sale.
Kupiłem ten samochód na promocji życia!
Informal— To create or run a promotion. Similar to 'zorganizować promocję' but more colloquial.
Musimy zrobić jakąś promocję na koniec sezonu.
InformalWortfamilie
Substantive
Verben
Adjektive
Verwandt
Summary
The Polish word 'promocja' broadly refers to any activity designed to increase publicity, popularity, or sales, most commonly understood as a sale, special offer, or marketing campaign. It's a fundamental term in commercial contexts.
- Promocja means a sale, discount, or marketing event.
- It's used for special offers in shops and services.
- It aims to increase popularity or sales.
- Think 'sale' or 'special offer'.
Verwandte Inhalte
Mehr business Wörter
anulować
B1Einen Termin oder eine Bestellung stornieren. Zum Beispiel einen Flug oder ein Abonnement kündigen.
bank
A1bank
bezpłatny
B1given or done without charge
budżet
B1Ein Finanzplan, der Einnahmen und Ausgaben gegenüberstellt.
decyzyjny
C1Relating to the process of making decisions.
deficyt
B2Das Haushaltsdefizit muss bis zum nächsten Jahr reduziert werden.
dostarczać
B1Etwas liefern oder bereitstellen. Zum Beispiel: Die Firma liefert Waren (Firma dostarcza towary).
dostarczyć
B1To give or provide something to someone.
dostawa
B1Die Lieferung von Waren an einen Kunden.
dotacja
B2A sum of money granted by the government or state
