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contudo

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At the A1 beginner level, your primary goal is simply to recognize the word 'contudo' when you see it in a text and understand its basic meaning. You do not need to worry about using it in your own speaking or writing yet. At this stage, you are mostly learning the word 'mas' to say 'but'. For example, 'Eu gosto de maçã, mas não gosto de banana' (I like apples, but I don't like bananas). However, as you start reading simple news headlines, public signs, or slightly more formal texts, you might encounter 'contudo'. When you see 'contudo', just translate it in your head as a fancy, formal version of 'mas'. It means 'however' or 'nevertheless'. It is a signpost word that tells you the sentence is about to introduce a contrast or an opposite idea. For instance, if a text says 'O hotel é bom; contudo, é caro', you should understand that the first part is positive (the hotel is good), and 'contudo' introduces a negative point (it is expensive). Do not stress about the complex punctuation rules or trying to use it in conversation. Just add it to your passive vocabulary list as a synonym for 'mas' that you will use later when your Portuguese becomes more advanced. Recognizing it will help you understand the general flow of slightly more complex sentences.
At the A2 elementary level, you are beginning to read longer paragraphs and short stories. Your understanding of 'contudo' should expand from simple recognition to understanding how it connects two distinct ideas. You still should primarily use 'mas' or 'porém' in your own daily communication, but you should feel comfortable reading 'contudo' without losing the thread of the narrative. At this level, pay attention to the fact that 'contudo' usually connects two complete thoughts (independent clauses). Notice how it is often used to introduce a problem or a complication in a story. For example: 'Eles queriam viajar para a praia. Contudo, começou a chover muito forte.' (They wanted to travel to the beach. However, it started raining very heavily). You should also start noticing the punctuation around it—specifically, that it often comes after a period or a semicolon, and is followed by a comma. You can try using it occasionally in your written homework assignments to impress your teacher, but keep it simple: write one complete sentence, put a period, write 'Contudo,', and then write the contrasting sentence. This will help you slowly transition from basic A1 sentences to more structured A2 paragraphs.
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At the B1 intermediate level, you are expected to start actively using 'contudo' in your written Portuguese. This is the stage where you move beyond just 'mas' and start diversifying your vocabulary to express contrast more elegantly. When writing essays, emails, or opinion pieces, 'contudo' is an excellent tool to show that you can weigh different arguments. You should know that 'contudo' is formal and should be used in formal contexts. A key B1 skill is mastering the basic punctuation: [Sentence 1]; contudo, [Sentence 2]. For example: 'A tecnologia facilita a comunicação; contudo, pode causar isolamento social.' You must also be absolutely sure not to confuse it with 'portanto' (therefore). A B1 learner should clearly distinguish between adding a contrasting idea ('contudo') and adding a concluding idea ('portanto'). While you still won't use it much in casual speech, you should feel confident using it in a formal oral presentation or a debate. Practice writing short paragraphs where you present an advantage of something, use 'contudo', and then present a disadvantage. This structure is fundamental for B1 writing tasks.
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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, your use of 'contudo' should be highly accurate and stylistically aware. You are no longer just using it to connect simple sentences; you are using it to manage the flow of complex arguments in academic or professional writing. At this level, you must master the syntactic flexibility of 'contudo'. You should be comfortable displacing it into the middle of a clause to create a specific rhythm. For example, instead of always writing 'Contudo, o problema persiste', you should confidently write 'O problema, contudo, persiste', ensuring you use the commas correctly to isolate the conjunction. You should also have a strong grasp of its synonyms—'todavia', 'entretanto', 'no entanto', 'porém'—and be able to use them interchangeably to avoid repetition in a long text. A B2 learner understands that 'contudo' carries a specific formal register and deliberately chooses it over 'mas' to elevate the tone of a text. You should also be completely free of common errors like 'mas contudo' or confusing it with conclusive conjunctions. Your reading comprehension at B2 should allow you to instantly grasp the nuanced contrast 'contudo' introduces in complex journalistic or literary texts.
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At the C1 advanced level, 'contudo' is a natural, integrated part of your sophisticated vocabulary arsenal. You use it instinctively in appropriate formal contexts, whether writing a university-level thesis, a professional report, or delivering a formal speech. Your focus at C1 is on rhetorical impact and stylistic perfection. You understand how the placement of 'contudo' affects the emphasis of the sentence. Placing it at the beginning of the clause highlights the contrast immediately, while placing it later in the clause subtly shifts the focus to the subject or the verb before the contrast is fully realized. You are also highly sensitive to the rhythm of the paragraph, using 'contudo' in conjunction with other cohesive devices to create a seamless, logical flow of complex ideas. At this level, you can easily read classic Portuguese literature and understand how authors use 'contudo' to build narrative tension or reveal character contradictions. You never make punctuation errors with it, and you never use it inappropriately in casual conversation. You have mastered the subtle differences in emotional weight between 'contudo', 'todavia', and phrases like 'ainda assim', choosing the exact right tool for the specific rhetorical job.
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At the C2 mastery level, your command of 'contudo' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You possess a deep, almost intuitive understanding of its etymology, its historical usage, and its subtle pragmatic functions in the absolute highest registers of the Portuguese language. You can use it to craft sentences of immense complexity and elegance, playing with its placement to achieve highly specific literary or rhetorical effects. You understand how 'contudo' functions not just as a logical connector, but as a marker of intellectual consideration, showing that the writer has fully digested a premise before introducing a sophisticated counter-argument. In C2 writing, 'contudo' is often used to navigate highly abstract concepts, philosophical debates, or intricate legal arguments where precise distinctions are paramount. You can effortlessly switch between 'contudo', 'todavia', and 'não obstante' based purely on the phonetic rhythm and the exact microscopic shade of meaning required by the text. Your use of the word is flawless, elegant, and perfectly attuned to the most demanding linguistic environments in the Lusophone world.
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contudo in 30 Sekunden

  • Means 'however' or 'nevertheless'.
  • Highly formal, used in writing.
  • Introduces a contrasting idea.
  • Often surrounded by commas/semicolons.
The Portuguese language is exceptionally rich in conjunctions that allow speakers and writers to express complex, nuanced relationships between different ideas, clauses, and sentences. Among these linguistic tools, adversative conjunctions play a fundamentally crucial role in introducing contrast, opposition, restriction, or a counter-argument to a previously stated premise. The word 'contudo' is a prime, highly representative example of such a conjunction. It is universally and accurately translated into English as 'however,' 'nevertheless,' 'yet,' or 'still.' When a speaker or writer deliberately employs 'contudo,' they are explicitly signaling to their audience that the upcoming information will somehow contradict, limit, or provide an unexpected turn to the situation established in the preceding clause. Understanding the precise semantic weight, rhetorical function, and stylistic impact of 'contudo' is absolutely essential for anyone looking to master the nuances of the Portuguese language, particularly in written, academic, journalistic, and formal contexts. Unlike the ubiquitous and highly common 'mas' (but), which is used constantly and instinctively in everyday, casual conversation, 'contudo' carries a significantly heavier, more formal, and more deliberate tone. It belongs to a sophisticated family of adversative words that includes 'porém,' 'todavia,' 'entretanto,' and 'no entanto.' While these words are largely synonymous and can very often be used interchangeably depending on the writer's preference, 'contudo' has a specific rhythmic and stylistic quality that makes it a perennial favorite among journalists, academic researchers, essayists, and novelists. The etymology of 'contudo' is fascinating and revealing; it traces back to the direct combination of the preposition 'com' (with) and the indefinite pronoun 'tudo' (everything). Historically, it evolved from the literal idea of 'with everything [considered]' or 'despite everything,' which perfectly and logically encapsulates its modern meaning. When you say 'Está chovendo muito forte; contudo, vou sair para trabalhar' (It is raining very heavily; nevertheless, I will go out to work), you are essentially communicating that despite the entirety of the negative rain situation, the positive action of going out will still occur regardless. This historical context helps language learners deeply understand why 'contudo' feels more comprehensive, definitive, and structurally significant than a simple, fleeting 'mas.' Let us examine exactly how this word functions in practical, real-world sentences.

O projeto inicial era extremamente ambicioso e complexo; contudo, a equipe conseguiu concluí-lo no prazo estabelecido.

In this sentence, the extreme ambition of the project sets up a strong expectation of difficulty, delay, or potential failure. The conjunction completely shatters that expectation.
Semantic Weight
The semantic weight of 'contudo' is highly significant. It does not merely link two thoughts passively; it actively forces the reader to re-evaluate the first thought in light of the second, creating a dynamic reading experience.
This makes it a powerful, indispensable tool for argumentation and debate. Furthermore, the placement of 'contudo' within a sentence can vary significantly, although it most commonly appears at the very beginning of the second clause.

Ele estudou arduamente durante meses. Não conseguiu, contudo, passar no rigoroso exame final.

Placing it strategically between commas within the clause adds a completely different rhythm, often used in classical literature to deliberately slow down the reading pace and heavily emphasize the contrast.
Syntactic Flexibility
Unlike 'mas', which must strictly and invariably appear at the beginning of the contrasting clause, 'contudo' offers immense syntactic flexibility, allowing writers to craft much more varied, elegant, and sophisticated sentences.

A proposta apresentada é inegavelmente interessante. Falta-lhe, contudo, a necessária viabilidade financeira para aprovação.

This specific flexibility is a true hallmark of advanced Portuguese proficiency. The psychological and cognitive impact of using 'contudo' should not be underestimated by learners. It prepares the listener's mind for a nuanced perspective, demonstrating clearly that the speaker is capable of holding two opposing truths simultaneously.
Cognitive Processing
Cognitively speaking, processing 'contudo' requires the reader to actively hold the initial premise in their working memory while simultaneously integrating the conflicting information, which is exactly why it is characteristic of complex, academic texts.

Os resultados preliminares foram bastante positivos; contudo, mais pesquisas detalhadas são absolutamente necessárias.

Ela estava fisicamente exausta após a maratona, contudo continuou correndo até cruzar a linha de chegada.

In conclusion, mastering the use of 'contudo' is a highly significant milestone in your language journey. It effectively elevates your Portuguese from basic, functional communication to sophisticated, elegant expression. It is a powerful word that embodies resilience, sharp contrast, and the inherent complexity of real-world situations where things are rarely simply black and white. By thoroughly understanding its core meaning, its fascinating historical roots, and its specific grammatical behavior, you equip yourself with one of the most elegant and effective rhetorical tools available in the Portuguese language.
Mastering the precise grammatical usage and syntactic placement of 'contudo' is an essential step for any student aiming to achieve fluency and sophistication in Portuguese writing. While its core meaning of 'however' or 'nevertheless' is relatively straightforward to grasp, the mechanics of integrating it seamlessly into a sentence require careful attention to punctuation, clause structure, and stylistic flow. The most fundamental rule to remember is that 'contudo' is a coordinating adversative conjunction (conjunção coordenativa adversativa). This means its primary grammatical function is to link two independent clauses—clauses that could theoretically stand alone as complete sentences but are joined together to highlight a stark contrast or a significant restriction. Because 'contudo' introduces a shift in logic, punctuation acts as the vital traffic signal guiding the reader through this shift. The most common and traditional way to use 'contudo' is at the very beginning of the second clause. When used in this position, it is standard practice to separate the two independent clauses with a semicolon (ponto e vírgula) or a full period (ponto final), and to immediately follow 'contudo' with a comma. This comma is crucial; it represents the slight vocal pause a speaker would naturally take before delivering the contrasting information.

O restaurante é famoso por sua culinária requintada; contudo, o atendimento deixou muito a desejar.

In this classic example, the semicolon cleanly separates the positive expectation from the negative reality, and the comma after 'contudo' provides the necessary rhythmic pause.
Punctuation Rules
The strict rule of thumb for formal writing is: [Clause 1] + [; or .] + Contudo + [,] + [Clause 2]. Failing to use the comma after 'contudo' when it starts a clause is a very common punctuation error even among native speakers.
However, the true elegance of 'contudo' lies in its remarkable syntactic mobility. Unlike the rigid conjunction 'mas', which is strictly confined to the beginning of the clause it introduces, 'contudo' can be elegantly displaced into the middle or even the end of the second clause. This displacement is a highly effective stylistic device used to alter the cadence of the sentence and to place emphasis on different elements of the contrast.

A viagem foi longa e cansativa. Valeu a pena, contudo, pelas belas paisagens que vimos.

When 'contudo' is displaced into the middle of the clause, it must absolutely be enclosed by commas. These paired commas act like parentheses, isolating the conjunction and forcing the reader to pause slightly, thereby heightening the dramatic effect of the contrast.
Displaced Conjunctions
When a conjunction like 'contudo' is moved from its natural initial position to the middle of the phrase, it becomes an intercalated element and grammatically demands commas on both sides.
Let's look at another example of displacement, this time separating the subject from the verb.

Eles prometeram chegar cedo. O trânsito, contudo, impediu que cumprissem a promessa.

This structure is highly characteristic of literary Portuguese and formal journalism. It sounds incredibly sophisticated and demonstrates a high level of syntactic control.
Stylistic Variation
Using 'contudo' in the middle of a sentence is a deliberate stylistic choice that breaks the monotony of standard Subject-Verb-Object structures, making your writing much more engaging to read.
It is also possible, though less common, to place 'contudo' at the very end of the sentence.

O filme recebeu péssimas críticas. O público adorou, contudo.

In this final position, it acts almost as an afterthought, a lingering reminder of the contrast. Finally, it is crucial to note that 'contudo' should not be combined with other adversative conjunctions. Saying 'mas contudo' is a redundancy (pleonasmo) and is considered a stylistic error in standard Portuguese. You must choose one or the other.

Ele é rico; contudo, não é feliz. (Correct) / Ele é rico, mas contudo não é feliz. (Incorrect)

By strictly adhering to these punctuation rules and experimenting with its syntactic mobility, you will be able to use 'contudo' to craft highly effective, beautifully structured Portuguese sentences.
Understanding the appropriate register and the specific contexts in which 'contudo' is naturally used is just as important as knowing its grammatical rules. Language is not just about correct syntax; it is about social appropriateness and stylistic awareness. 'Contudo' is a word that carries a distinct aura of formality, erudition, and seriousness. Therefore, the places where you are most likely to encounter it, read it, or hear it spoken are predominantly formal, structured, and professional environments. You will rarely, if ever, hear 'contudo' used in a relaxed conversation at a bar, during a casual chat with friends on WhatsApp, or in informal family gatherings. In those everyday scenarios, native speakers almost exclusively rely on the simpler, shorter 'mas' (but) or sometimes 'só que' (only that). Using 'contudo' in a highly informal setting can actually sound strangely robotic, overly dramatic, or unintentionally pretentious, much like using 'nevertheless' while ordering a coffee in English.

O governo anunciou novas medidas econômicas; contudo, a inflação continua a subir desenfreadamente.

This sentence is a classic example of where 'contudo' thrives: journalism. News anchors, political commentators, and print journalists use 'contudo' extensively. It provides a professional, objective tone when presenting contrasting facts or analyzing complex situations.
Journalistic Register
In journalism, 'contudo' is preferred over 'mas' because it elevates the discourse, making the analysis sound more considered, balanced, and authoritative to the reader or listener.
Another primary domain for 'contudo' is the academic world. If you are reading a university thesis, a scientific paper, a historical analysis, or a philosophical essay in Portuguese, you will encounter 'contudo' frequently. Academic writing demands precision and the careful weighing of opposing arguments, making adversative conjunctions indispensable.

A teoria de Silva apresenta pontos válidos. Contudo, falha em considerar as variáveis demográficas recentes.

In this context, 'contudo' politely but firmly introduces a critical counterpoint, which is the essence of academic discourse. The corporate and legal worlds also heavily favor 'contudo'. In formal business emails, legal contracts, official corporate reports, and boardroom presentations, maintaining a professional and slightly detached tone is crucial.

Reconhecemos o esforço da sua empresa; contudo, decidimos seguir com outro fornecedor nesta ocasião.

Here, 'contudo' helps deliver bad news or a rejection in a way that remains polite, formal, and strictly professional.
Corporate Communication
Using formal conjunctions in business Portuguese demonstrates respect for the recipient and a high level of professional polish, which is highly valued in Lusophone corporate cultures.
Literature is another rich source of 'contudo'. Novelists and poets use it to create dramatic tension, to reveal character flaws, or to pivot the narrative in an unexpected direction. Because literature often employs a more elevated vocabulary than spoken language, 'contudo' fits perfectly into narrative descriptions and internal monologues.

Ele sabia que a floresta era perigosa à noite. Contudo, o desejo de encontrá-la era maior que o medo.

In terms of regional differences, 'contudo' is universally understood and used in both European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese in these formal contexts. There is no significant regional variation in its meaning or application.
Universal Formal Standard
Whether you are reading a newspaper in Lisbon, Luanda, or São Paulo, 'contudo' functions identically as a marker of the standard, educated, formal written language.

O réu apresentou sua defesa; contudo, as provas eram irrefutáveis.

In summary, 'contudo' is your go-to word when you need to sound serious, analytical, professional, or literary. It is a powerful tool for structuring formal arguments and navigating complex written communication across the Portuguese-speaking world.
Even advanced learners of Portuguese frequently stumble when using 'contudo', not necessarily because they misunderstand its core meaning, but because they misapply its syntax, confuse it with similar-sounding words, or misjudge the appropriate register. Analyzing these common mistakes is a highly effective way to refine your understanding and ensure your Portuguese sounds natural and accurate. The single most prevalent and arguably the most damaging mistake learners make is confusing 'contudo' (however/nevertheless) with 'portanto' (therefore/thus). Because both are formal conjunctions often used to connect independent clauses, learners sometimes swap them, which completely destroys the logical flow of the sentence. 'Contudo' introduces opposition; 'portanto' introduces a conclusion or consequence.

Incorrect: Choveu muito, contudo a rua alagou. (It rained a lot, however the street flooded - illogical).

Correct: Choveu muito, portanto a rua alagou. (It rained a lot, therefore the street flooded).

Logical Reversal
Using 'contudo' instead of a conclusive conjunction completely reverses the intended logic of your statement, confusing the reader entirely. Always double-check if you are contrasting or concluding.
Another extremely common error is the redundancy of combining 'contudo' with 'mas'. Learners often feel that 'contudo' alone isn't strong enough, so they create the hybrid monster 'mas contudo'. This is a classic pleonasm (pleonasmo) and is heavily penalized in formal writing and exams.

Incorrect: Ele estudou, mas contudo reprovou.

Correct: Ele estudou; contudo, reprovou.

Punctuation errors surrounding 'contudo' are also rampant. As discussed in the usage section, 'contudo' requires specific punctuation to function correctly. A frequent mistake is using a simple comma before 'contudo' when connecting two independent clauses, resulting in a comma splice.

Incorrect: O carro é caro, contudo eu vou comprá-lo.

While this might be tolerated in highly informal writing, the strict grammatical standard requires a stronger break.
Comma Splices
Because 'contudo' is a heavy conjunction linking independent thoughts, a simple comma before it is usually insufficient. Upgrade to a semicolon or a period.
Furthermore, learners often forget the comma immediately following 'contudo' when it begins a clause. This comma is essential for pacing.
Missing Pauses
Failing to put a comma after an introductory 'contudo' makes the sentence read too fast and violates standard Portuguese punctuation norms.
Finally, a more subtle mistake is a failure of register—using 'contudo' in situations that are far too casual. If you are texting a friend to say you can't make it to a party, using 'contudo' sounds bizarrely formal. By actively avoiding the 'contudo/portanto' mix-up, eliminating the redundant 'mas contudo', strictly adhering to semicolon and comma rules, and reserving the word for appropriate formal contexts, you will utilize 'contudo' flawlessly and impress native speakers with your precise command of the language.
The Portuguese language offers a rich, diverse palette of adversative conjunctions, allowing writers to express contrast with varying degrees of formality, rhythm, and subtle nuance. While 'contudo' is a powerful tool, it does not exist in isolation. It is part of a family of synonymous words, each with its own specific flavor. Understanding how 'contudo' compares to its siblings—'mas', 'porém', 'todavia', 'entretanto', and 'no entanto'—is crucial for developing a sophisticated and varied writing style. The most basic and universally used word for contrast is 'mas' (but). 'Mas' is the default, everyday conjunction. It is short, punchy, and completely neutral in register. You use it constantly in speech and informal writing.

Eu queria ir, mas estou doente. (I wanted to go, but I am sick.)

The key difference between 'mas' and 'contudo' is twofold: formality and syntactic flexibility. 'Mas' is informal and must always appear at the beginning of the contrasting clause. 'Contudo' is highly formal and can be moved around within the sentence.
Mas vs. Contudo
Think of 'mas' as a t-shirt and 'contudo' as a tailored suit. Both cover you, but they are appropriate for entirely different occasions.
Moving up the formality ladder, we find 'porém'. 'Porém' is slightly more formal than 'mas' but less formal than 'contudo'. It is extremely common in both spoken and written Portuguese, acting as a perfect middle ground. Like 'contudo', 'porém' can be displaced within the sentence.

O plano era bom; porém, falhou na execução.

Then we have 'todavia', which is arguably the closest direct synonym to 'contudo' in terms of extreme formality and literary flavor. 'Todavia' and 'contudo' are virtually interchangeable in any academic or formal text. The choice between them usually comes down to the writer's preference for rhythm and sound.
Todavia vs. Contudo
These two are twins in the Portuguese language. If you have already used 'contudo' in a paragraph and need to express another contrast, use 'todavia' to avoid repetition.

A situação é grave; todavia, há esperança.

'Entretanto' and 'no entanto' are also highly common formal alternatives. 'Entretanto' literally means 'in the meantime', but it evolved to also mean 'however'. 'No entanto' translates literally to 'in the so much', functioning identically to 'however'. Both are excellent, highly professional alternatives to 'contudo'.

Eles tentaram um acordo. No entanto, as negociações fracassaram.

Finally, for expressing a very strong, almost defiant contrast, you can use phrases like 'ainda assim' (even so) or 'mesmo assim' (even so). These carry a slightly different emotional weight, emphasizing that the action happened *in spite of* the obstacle, rather than just contrasting two facts.
Ainda Assim
Use 'ainda assim' when you want to highlight resilience or stubbornness in the face of the contrasting fact.

Estava nevando muito; ainda assim, ele foi nadar.

By understanding the subtle gradations of formality and the specific syntactic rules governing 'mas', 'porém', 'todavia', 'entretanto', 'no entanto', and 'contudo', you gain complete control over how you express contrast and opposition in Portuguese.

How Formal Is It?

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Conjunções coordenativas adversativas

Uso da vírgula e ponto e vírgula

Orações coordenadas sindéticas

Pleonasmo (avoiding 'mas contudo')

Deslocamento de conjunções

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

O carro é bonito; contudo, é muito caro.

The car is beautiful; however, it is very expensive.

Used here to show a simple contrast between beautiful and expensive.

2

Eu estudei; contudo, a prova foi difícil.

I studied; nevertheless, the test was difficult.

Connects the action of studying with the unexpected difficulty.

3

Gosto de bolo; contudo, não posso comer açúcar.

I like cake; however, I cannot eat sugar.

Shows a restriction on a preference.

4

Ele corre rápido; contudo, perdeu a corrida.

He runs fast; however, he lost the race.

Contrasts an ability with a negative outcome.

5

O sol está brilhando; contudo, faz frio.

The sun is shining; however, it is cold.

Contrasts weather conditions.

6

A casa é pequena; contudo, é muito confortável.

The house is small; nevertheless, it is very comfortable.

Contrasts size with comfort.

7

Ela estava cansada; contudo, foi trabalhar.

She was tired; however, she went to work.

Contrasts a physical state with an action.

8

O filme é longo; contudo, é muito bom.

The movie is long; however, it is very good.

Contrasts length with quality.

1

Nós planejamos ir à praia no fim de semana; contudo, a previsão do tempo anunciou chuva forte.

We planned to go to the beach on the weekend; however, the weather forecast announced heavy rain.

Connects two longer clauses showing a disrupted plan.

2

O restaurante estava completamente lotado; contudo, conseguimos uma mesa rapidamente.

The restaurant was completely full; nevertheless, we got a table quickly.

Shows an unexpected positive outcome.

3

Ele não fala inglês fluentemente; contudo, conseguiu se comunicar durante a viagem.

He doesn't speak English fluently; however, he managed to communicate during the trip.

Contrasts a lack of skill with a successful action.

4

A passagem de avião estava barata; contudo, o hotel era extremamente caro.

The plane ticket was cheap; however, the hotel was extremely expensive.

Contrasts two aspects of a trip.

5

Ela tentou consertar o computador sozinha; contudo, o problema piorou.

She tried to fix the computer herself; however, the problem got worse.

Shows an action resulting in a negative consequence.

6

Eles prometeram chegar às oito horas; contudo, já são nove e eles não chegaram.

They promised to arrive at eight o'clock; however, it is already nine and they haven't arrived.

Contrasts a promise with reality.

7

O livro tem muitas páginas; contudo, a história é tão interessante que li rápido.

The book has many pages; nevertheless, the story is so interesting that I read it quickly.

Contrasts length with reading speed.

8

A equipe jogou muito bem durante toda a partida; contudo, sofreu um gol no último minuto.

The team played very well throughout the match; however, they conceded a goal in the last minute.

Contrasts performance with the final result.

1

A implementação da nova lei de trânsito foi polêmica; contudo, as estatísticas mostram uma redução nos acidentes.

The implementation of the new traffic law was controversial; however, statistics show a reduction in accidents.

Used in a more formal, analytical context.

2

Muitos especialistas acreditavam que a crise seria curta; contudo, a recuperação econômica demorou anos.

Many experts believed the crisis would be short; nevertheless, the economic recovery took years.

Contrasts expert opinion with historical reality.

3

O candidato apresentou propostas inovadoras para a educação; contudo, não soube explicar como iria financiá-las.

The candidate presented innovative proposals for education; however, he didn't know how to explain how he would finance them.

Highlights a flaw in an argument.

4

A energia solar é uma excelente alternativa sustentável; contudo, o custo inicial de instalação ainda é um obstáculo para muitas famílias.

Solar energy is an excellent sustainable alternative; however, the initial installation cost is still an obstacle for many families.

Presents a balanced view of a complex issue.

5

O diretor elogiou o esforço da equipe no projeto; contudo, ressaltou que os prazos não foram cumpridos.

The director praised the team's effort on the project; however, he emphasized that the deadlines were not met.

Used to deliver mixed feedback professionally.

6

A vacina provou ser altamente eficaz nos testes clínicos; contudo, a distribuição global enfrenta desafios logísticos imensos.

The vaccine proved to be highly effective in clinical trials; nevertheless, global distribution faces immense logistical challenges.

Contrasts scientific success with practical difficulties.

7

Ele sempre foi um funcionário dedicado e pontual; contudo, seu comportamento recente tem preocupado a gerência.

He has always been a dedicated and punctual employee; however, his recent behavior has worried management.

Contrasts past behavior with present issues.

8

A dieta vegetariana traz inúmeros benefícios à saúde; contudo, requer planejamento para evitar deficiências nutricionais.

A vegetarian diet brings numerous health benefits; however, it requires planning to avoid nutritional deficiencies.

Introduces a necessary condition or restriction.

1

A tese apresentada pelo pesquisador é fascinante; carece, contudo, de evidências empíricas mais robustas para ser amplamente aceita.

The thesis presented by the researcher is fascinating; it lacks, however, more robust empirical evidence to be widely accepted.

Notice the displacement of 'contudo' into the middle of the clause, surrounded by commas.

2

As negociações de paz avançaram significativamente durante a cúpula. O acordo final, contudo, esbarrou em divergências territoriais históricas.

Peace negotiations advanced significantly during the summit. The final agreement, however, stumbled on historical territorial divergences.

Used to structure a sophisticated paragraph, placing 'contudo' after the subject of the second sentence.

3

A arquitetura modernista de Brasília é mundialmente celebrada; contudo, críticos apontam que a cidade foi projetada para carros, não para pedestres.

The modernist architecture of Brasília is globally celebrated; however, critics point out that the city was designed for cars, not pedestrians.

Used to introduce a formal counter-argument in an essay-style sentence.

4

Embora a empresa tenha reportado lucros recordes neste trimestre, o conselho de administração decidiu, contudo, não distribuir dividendos aos acionistas.

Although the company reported record profits this quarter, the board of directors decided, nevertheless, not to distribute dividends to shareholders.

Combines a concessive clause ('Embora') with an adversative clause containing a displaced 'contudo'.

5

O romance de Machado de Assis é uma obra-prima da ironia. Sua leitura, contudo, exige um leitor atento às sutilezas da psicologia humana.

Machado de Assis's novel is a masterpiece of irony. Its reading, however, requires a reader attentive to the subtleties of human psychology.

Literary analysis context, demonstrating advanced stylistic placement.

6

As medidas de austeridade fiscal eram consideradas inevitáveis pelo governo; contudo, geraram uma onda de protestos sem precedentes em todo o país.

Fiscal austerity measures were considered inevitable by the government; nevertheless, they generated an unprecedented wave of protests across the country.

Journalistic register, connecting a policy with its severe consequence.

7

O réu confessou a autoria do crime durante o interrogatório. A defesa, contudo, alegou insanidade mental no momento da ação.

The defendant confessed to committing the crime during the interrogation. The defense, however, claimed temporary insanity at the moment of the action.

Legal context, perfectly isolating the contrasting legal strategy.

8

A inteligência artificial promete revolucionar o mercado de trabalho; contudo, levanta questões éticas profundas sobre privacidade e viés algorítmico.

Artificial intelligence promises to revolutionize the job market; however, it raises profound ethical questions about privacy and algorithmic bias.

Academic/technological context, weighing pros and cons.

1

A retórica inflamada do líder oposicionista cativou as massas; a sua plataforma política, contudo, revelou-se um amálgama de promessas inexequíveis.

The opposition leader's inflammatory rhetoric captivated the masses; his political platform, however, proved to be an amalgam of unfeasible promises.

Highly sophisticated vocabulary ('amálgama', 'inexequíveis') paired with a displaced 'contudo' for maximum rhetorical impact.

2

É inegável que a globalização trouxe imensos benefícios econômicos. Não se pode ignorar, contudo, a consequente erosão das identidades culturais locais.

It is undeniable that globalization has brought immense economic benefits. One cannot ignore, however, the consequent erosion of local cultural identities.

Used in a formal essay structure to balance a complex socio-economic argument.

3

O autor constrói uma narrativa densa e labiríntica; o desfecho da obra, contudo, peca por uma simplificação quase pueril dos conflitos apresentados.

The author constructs a dense and labyrinthine narrative; the ending of the work, however, suffers from an almost puerile simplification of the conflicts presented.

Literary critique, using 'contudo' to introduce a sharp, articulate criticism.

4

As sanções internacionais visavam asfixiar a economia do regime ditatorial; contudo, acabaram por penalizar desproporcionalmente a população civil mais vulnerável.

International sanctions aimed to asphyxiate the dictatorial regime's economy; nevertheless, they ended up disproportionately penalizing the most vulnerable civilian population.

Geopolitical analysis, highlighting unintended consequences.

5

A sinfonia inicia-se com acordes dissonantes e agressivos. O segundo movimento, contudo, transita para uma melodia de sublime melancolia.

The symphony begins with dissonant and aggressive chords. The second movement, however, transitions to a melody of sublime melancholy.

Music criticism, using the conjunction to mark a stark aesthetic shift.

6

A transição energética para fontes renováveis é um imperativo categórico do nosso tempo; contudo, a dependência estrutural dos combustíveis fósseis torna esse processo dolorosamente lento.

The energy transition to renewable sources is a categorical imperative of our time; however, the structural dependence on fossil fuels makes this process painfully slow.

Academic discourse on climate change, using elevated phrasing.

7

O tratado de livre comércio prometia alavancar as exportações do setor agrícola. Os pequenos produtores, contudo, viram-se esmagados pela concorrência desleal das multinacionais.

The free trade agreement promised to leverage agricultural exports. Small producers, however, found themselves crushed by the unfair competition of multinationals.

Economic analysis, contrasting macro promises with micro realities.

8

A filosofia estoica prega a imperturbabilidade diante das adversidades. A natureza humana, contudo, frequentemente sucumbe ao peso das paixões e do sofrimento.

Stoic philosophy preaches imperturbability in the face of adversity. Human nature, however, frequently succumbs to the weight of passions and suffering.

Philosophical context, contrasting an ideal with human reality.

1

A exegese do texto sagrado sugere uma interpretação literal dos preceitos morais; a hermenêutica contemporânea, contudo, postula uma leitura contextualizada e historicamente situada.

The exegesis of the sacred text suggests a literal interpretation of moral precepts; contemporary hermeneutics, however, postulates a contextualized and historically situated reading.

Extremely dense academic register (theology/philosophy), perfectly utilizing 'contudo' to pivot between complex theoretical frameworks.

2

O arcabouço jurídico vigente parecia robusto o suficiente para coibir tais práticas ilícitas. A jurisprudência recente, contudo, tem demonstrado uma preocupante leniência em casos de colarinho branco.

The current legal framework seemed robust enough to curb such illicit practices. Recent jurisprudence, however, has demonstrated a worrying leniency in white-collar cases.

Advanced legal analysis, using 'contudo' to highlight a systemic failure.

3

A vanguarda artística do início do século XX propunha a ruptura total com a tradição acadêmica; contudo, paradoxalmente, acabou por erigir novos cânones estéticos tão dogmáticos quanto os anteriores.

The artistic avant-garde of the early 20th century proposed a total rupture with academic tradition; nevertheless, paradoxically, it ended up erecting new aesthetic canons as dogmatic as the previous ones.

Art history critique, exploring paradoxes and historical irony.

4

O modelo macroeconômico adotado preconizava a autorregulação dos mercados como panaceia para as crises. A debacle financeira de 2008, contudo, expôs de forma crua as falácias inerentes a essa premissa neoliberal.

The adopted macroeconomic model advocated market self-regulation as a panacea for crises. The 2008 financial debacle, however, crudely exposed the fallacies inherent in this neoliberal premise.

High-level economic critique, using powerful vocabulary ('panaceia', 'debacle', 'falácias').

5

A prosa de Saramago caracteriza-se por uma fluidez torrencial, onde a pontuação subverte as normas ortográficas. Essa aparente anarquia, contudo, obedece a uma rigorosa e genial cadência oral.

Saramago's prose is characterized by a torrential fluidity, where punctuation subverts orthographic norms. This apparent anarchy, however, obeys a rigorous and brilliant oral cadence.

Literary analysis of a specific author's style, using 'contudo' to reveal a deeper truth beneath an apparent chaos.

6

A historiografia oficial tendeu a marginalizar o papel das revoltas populares na consolidação da república; a historiografia revisionista, contudo, tem resgatado essas narrativas subalternas do esquecimento.

Official historiography tended to marginalize the role of popular revolts in the consolidation of the republic; revisionist historiography, however, has rescued these subaltern narratives from oblivion.

Historiographical debate, contrasting two academic approaches.

7

O silogismo aristotélico fornece uma base sólida para a dedução lógica formal. A complexidade contingente do mundo real, contudo, frequentemente escapa às amarras rígidas dessa estrutura binária.

The Aristotelian syllogism provides a solid basis for formal logical deduction. The contingent complexity of the real world, however, frequently escapes the rigid constraints of this binary structure.

Epistemological discussion, pointing out the limits of a classical system.

8

A diplomacia coercitiva logrou evitar a eclosão imediata do conflito armado. O ressentimento latente entre as nações, contudo, permaneceu como um barril de pólvora prestes a explodir.

Coercive diplomacy succeeded in avoiding the immediate outbreak of armed conflict. The latent resentment between the nations, however, remained like a powder keg ready to explode.

Advanced international relations analysis, using a strong metaphor following the conjunction.

Häufige Kollokationen

contudo, é importante notar
contudo, deve-se ressaltar
contudo, a realidade é
contudo, os resultados mostram
parece, contudo, que
existe, contudo, um problema
nota-se, contudo, que
falta, contudo,
verifica-se, contudo,
sabe-se, contudo,

Häufige Phrasen

E contudo, ela se move. (And yet it moves - Galileo translation)
Tudo ia bem; contudo...
Apesar de tudo, contudo...
Muito embora, contudo...
Seja como for, contudo...
Por mais que tente, contudo...
Ainda que difícil, contudo...
Sem dúvida, contudo...
Na teoria sim, contudo na prática...
Pode parecer estranho, contudo...

Wird oft verwechselt mit

contudo vs portanto (therefore - conclusive, not adversative)

contudo vs contato (contact - sounds vaguely similar to beginners)

contudo vs conteúdo (content - visually similar word)

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"Não há mal que sempre dure, contudo... (Proverb variation)"
"A esperança é a última que morre; contudo..."
"Querer não é poder; contudo..."
"As aparências enganam; contudo..."
"Toda regra tem exceção; contudo..."
"O seguro morreu de velho; contudo..."
"Água mole em pedra dura tanto bate até que fura; contudo..."
"Quem espera sempre alcança; contudo..."
"Deus escreve certo por linhas tortas; contudo..."
"O barato sai caro; contudo..."

Leicht verwechselbar

contudo vs

contudo vs

contudo vs

contudo vs

contudo vs

Satzmuster

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stylistic advice

Do not overuse it. If every sentence has a 'contudo', your writing will feel heavy. Mix it with 'porém' and 'todavia'.

common error warning

Watch out for comma splices. Do not write: 'Choveu, contudo eu saí.' Write: 'Choveu; contudo, eu saí.'

Häufige Fehler
  • Using 'mas contudo' together in the same sentence.
  • Confusing 'contudo' (however) with 'portanto' (therefore).
  • Failing to use a comma after 'contudo' when it starts a clause.
  • Using a simple comma before 'contudo' instead of a semicolon or period when connecting independent clauses.
  • Using 'contudo' in highly informal, casual spoken conversations.

Tipps

The Semicolon Rule

When connecting two independent clauses with 'contudo', the most elegant punctuation is a semicolon before it and a comma after it. Example: 'Estudei muito; contudo, reprovei.'

Avoid Redundancy

Never write 'mas contudo'. It is a severe stylistic error. Pick one adversative conjunction per contrast.

The Formal Family

Group 'contudo', 'todavia', 'entretanto', and 'porém' together in your mind. They are the formal squad of adversative conjunctions.

Keep it Casual

If you are ordering a coffee or chatting at a bar, forget 'contudo' exists. Just say 'mas'.

The Displaced Conjunction

To sound like a native academic, try moving 'contudo' to the middle of the clause. 'O resultado, contudo, foi negativo.' It sounds incredibly sophisticated.

Contrast vs. Conclusion

Always ask yourself: Am I contrasting (contudo) or concluding (portanto)? Mixing these up destroys your sentence's meaning.

Signpost Word

When reading a long article, treat 'contudo' as a giant stop sign. It means the author is about to flip the argument. Pay close attention.

The Double Comma

If 'contudo' interrupts the subject and the verb, it MUST have a comma before and after it. 'A equipe, contudo, venceu.'

Celpe-Bras Secret

Using 'contudo' correctly in your Celpe-Bras written tasks will immediately signal to the examiner that you have a B2/C1 vocabulary level.

With Everything

Remember its roots: Com + Tudo. 'With everything going on, I still disagree.' This helps cement the meaning in your memory.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'CON' (with) and 'TUDO' (everything). 'With everything' considered, I still disagree. However!

Wortherkunft

Latin/Old Portuguese

Kultureller Kontext

High. Expected in academia and journalism.

Uniform across Brazil, Portugal, and other Lusophone countries.

Often associated with higher education levels due to its formal nature.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"A tecnologia aproxima as pessoas; contudo, você acha que também nos isola?"

"O Brasil é um país rico em recursos naturais; contudo, por que há tanta desigualdade?"

"Trabalhar em casa oferece muita liberdade; contudo, quais são as maiores desvantagens?"

"As redes sociais democratizaram a informação; contudo, como lidar com as fake news?"

"Aprender um idioma online é prático; contudo, substitui a imersão cultural?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

Descreva um plano que você fez que parecia perfeito; contudo, algo deu errado.

Escreva sobre uma pessoa que você admira; contudo, mencione um defeito que ela possui.

Analise uma decisão difícil que você tomou. Parecia a escolha certa; contudo...

Pense em um livro ou filme famoso. A crítica adorou; contudo, qual é a sua opinião?

Descreva sua cidade. Tem muitos problemas; contudo, por que você gosta de morar lá?

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

It is highly recommended not to. 'Contudo' is a very formal word. Using it in a casual setting with friends or family sounds unnatural and overly dramatic. Stick to 'mas' for everyday speech.

The meaning is exactly the same: 'however' or 'but'. The difference is purely in formality and syntax. 'Mas' is informal and must start a clause. 'Contudo' is formal and can be moved around within the sentence.

Never use 'mas contudo'. This is a grammatical error called a pleonasm (redundancy). Both words do the exact same job. Choose one or the other, never both together.

If 'contudo' is at the beginning of the clause (e.g., '...; contudo, ele foi.'), yes, a comma is standard. If it is in the middle of the clause, it must be surrounded by commas (e.g., 'Ele, contudo, foi.').

Yes, absolutely. It is very common to end a sentence with a period and start the next one with 'Contudo, ...' to introduce a contrasting thought to the previous sentence.

Etymologically, it comes from 'com' (with) and 'tudo' (everything). Historically, it meant 'with everything considered' or 'despite everything', which evolved into the modern meaning of 'however'.

Yes, it is universally used and understood in all Portuguese-speaking countries. There is no regional variation in its meaning or formal usage.

If you have already used 'contudo' and want to avoid repetition, 'todavia', 'entretanto', 'no entanto', and 'porém' are excellent, formal alternatives.

Yes, though it is less common. For example: 'O filme foi ruim. Eu gostei, contudo.' It acts as an afterthought, but it is grammatically correct.

Because both are formal conjunctions that connect clauses. However, they have opposite meanings. 'Contudo' means 'however' (contrast), while 'portanto' means 'therefore' (conclusion). Always double-check your logic!

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writing

Write a formal sentence contrasting a high price with excellent quality using 'contudo'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

O equipamento possui um custo de aquisição bastante elevado; contudo, sua durabilidade e eficiência justificam o investimento.

Uses formal vocabulary and correct semicolon/comma punctuation.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Uses formal vocabulary and correct semicolon/comma punctuation.

writing

Rewrite this informal sentence to be formal: 'O filme é chato, mas os atores são bons.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

O enredo do filme é monótono; contudo, as atuações são excelentes.

Replaces 'mas' with 'contudo' and upgrades the vocabulary.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Replaces 'mas' with 'contudo' and upgrades the vocabulary.

writing

Write a sentence where 'contudo' is displaced in the middle of the second clause.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

A empresa tentou expandir seus negócios. A crise econômica, contudo, forçou o cancelamento dos planos.

Places 'contudo' after the subject, surrounded by commas.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Places 'contudo' after the subject, surrounded by commas.

writing

Write a sentence using 'contudo' to contrast a good intention with a bad result.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

A nova política visava proteger os trabalhadores; contudo, acabou gerando mais desemprego.

Clearly contrasts the aim with the negative outcome.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Clearly contrasts the aim with the negative outcome.

writing

Write a short paragraph (2 sentences) about climate change using 'contudo'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

Os governos assinaram diversos acordos para reduzir as emissões de carbono. Contudo, as metas estabelecidas raramente são cumpridas na prática.

Uses 'contudo' to start the second sentence, showing the reality vs the agreements.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Uses 'contudo' to start the second sentence, showing the reality vs the agreements.

writing

Contrast studying hard with failing a test using 'contudo'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

O aluno dedicou meses de estudo intenso à matéria; contudo, não obteve a nota mínima para aprovação.

Formal academic context.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Formal academic context.

writing

Contrast a beautiful city with high crime rates using 'contudo'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

A cidade é mundialmente famosa por suas belezas naturais; contudo, os altos índices de criminalidade afastam os turistas.

Journalistic style contrast.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Journalistic style contrast.

writing

Rewrite using 'todavia' instead of 'contudo': 'O plano falhou; contudo, tentaremos novamente.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

O plano falhou; todavia, tentaremos novamente.

Direct substitution showing they are synonyms.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Direct substitution showing they are synonyms.

writing

Write a sentence ending with 'contudo'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

As evidências apontavam para a culpa do réu. O júri o absolveu, contudo.

Demonstrates the rare but correct final placement.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Demonstrates the rare but correct final placement.

writing

Fix the error in this sentence: 'Choveu muito, mas contudo eu saí.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

Choveu muito; contudo, eu saí.

Removes the redundant 'mas' and fixes the punctuation.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Removes the redundant 'mas' and fixes the punctuation.

writing

Contrast a fast car with high fuel consumption.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

O veículo atinge altas velocidades em poucos segundos; contudo, seu consumo de combustível é exorbitante.

Formal contrast of vehicle specs.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Formal contrast of vehicle specs.

writing

Contrast a healthy diet with the difficulty of maintaining it.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

Uma dieta balanceada previne inúmeras doenças; contudo, exige uma disciplina que poucos possuem.

Health context.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Health context.

writing

Contrast technological advancement with job loss.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

A automação industrial aumenta significativamente a produção; contudo, resulta na eliminação de milhares de postos de trabalho.

Economic/tech context.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Economic/tech context.

writing

Contrast a popular politician with corruption scandals.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

O candidato mantinha altos índices de aprovação popular; contudo, recentes escândalos de corrupção arruinaram sua campanha.

Political context.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Political context.

writing

Contrast a difficult language with the benefits of learning it.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

O mandarim é considerado um dos idiomas mais complexos do mundo; contudo, sua fluência abre portas no mercado global.

Educational context.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Educational context.

writing

Write a sentence using 'contudo' displaced after the verb.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

A situação parecia resolvida. Faltava, contudo, a assinatura do diretor.

Advanced syntactic placement.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Advanced syntactic placement.

writing

Contrast a sunny morning with a rainy afternoon.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

A manhã começou ensolarada e quente; contudo, fortes tempestades atingiram a região no período da tarde.

Weather report style.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Weather report style.

writing

Contrast a cheap product with low durability.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

O produto atrai os consumidores pelo preço acessível; contudo, sua vida útil é extremamente curta.

Consumer review style.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Consumer review style.

writing

Contrast a strict law with lack of enforcement.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

A legislação ambiental do país é rigorosa; contudo, a falta de fiscalização a torna ineficaz.

Legal/environmental context.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Legal/environmental context.

writing

Write a sentence where 'contudo' introduces a positive twist to a negative situation.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

A empresa sofreu grandes perdas no primeiro semestre; contudo, conseguiu se recuperar e fechar o ano com lucro.

Business context with a positive resolution.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Business context with a positive resolution.

speaking

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Read this aloud:

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Do the independent analysts agree with the minister?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What is the positive news introduced by 'contudo'?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What is the main flaw of the smartphone?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

How did the prosecutor respond to the defense?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Why is the promotion not as good as it seems?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What did the director criticize?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Where is the virus still circulating?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Is the bill a law yet?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Is the food at the restaurant good?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What prevents her from playing despite her experience?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What is the condition for the excellent salary?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What is the current problem with electric cars in the country?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Does a low-risk surgery mean no care is needed?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Did his late start prevent his success?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Why did the peace proposal fail?

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

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