百折不挠...

You usually use this phrase to praise someone's character. It often follows a person's name or a subject. For example, 'He is 百折不挠.' You can also use it as an adjective before a noun like 'spirit.' It sounds very inspiring and strong. Don't use it for small things like trying to open a pickle jar. Save it for the big stuff.

Use it when a friend finally passes a difficult exam after five tries. Use it in a business meeting to describe a team that survived a market crash. It is perfect for graduation speeches or wedding toasts about overcoming obstacles. If you are texting a friend who is struggling with a startup, this is your go-to phrase. It shows you truly respect their hustle.

Avoid using this for stubbornness that is actually annoying. If your friend refuses to use a GPS and gets lost for three hours, they aren't 百折不挠, they are just hard-headed. Also, it is a bit too heavy for casual hobbies. If you keep trying a new spicy ramen despite the stomach ache, it is probably too dramatic. It implies a noble or serious pursuit.

This phrase comes from the 'History of the Later Han.' It was originally used to describe a bridge official known for his unwavering integrity. In Chinese culture, persistence is often valued more than raw talent. There is a deep respect for the 'underdog' who wins through sheer endurance. It reflects the Confucian ideal of the 'Junzi' (gentleman) who remains virtuous under pressure.

You might hear 坚韧不拔 which is very similar. While 百折不挠 focuses on not giving up after failure, 坚韧不拔 focuses on being as steady as a mountain. Another one is 锲而不舍, which means to keep carving away at something. They all celebrate the 'never say die' attitude that is so central to the Chinese work ethic.