支配 in 30 Sekunden
- 支配 (zhīpèi) means to control, dominate, or allocate resources like time and money.
- It is commonly used in 'disposable income' (可支配收入) and 'dominant position' (支配地位).
- It can be used actively (to dominate) or passively (to be dominated by emotions or others).
- While similar to '控制' (control), it focuses more on management and structural authority.
The word 支配 (zhīpèi) is a versatile Chinese verb that bridges the gap between physical resource management and abstract psychological or social control. At its core, it describes the act of directing, arranging, or exercising authority over something or someone. Whether you are deciding how to spend your weekend or analyzing how a superpower influences global politics, 支配 is the operative term. It implies a level of sovereignty or agency—the person or entity doing the '支配-ing' is the one in the driver's seat.
- Etymological Roots
- The character 支 (zhī) originally depicted a hand holding a branch, suggesting support or a division. 配 (pèi) originally referred to the fermentation of wine or the pairing of elements. Together, they evolve into the concept of 'branching out and pairing' or 'allocating and matching' resources to specific needs.
- Semantic Range
- It covers two primary domains: 1. Resource Allocation (Time, money, labor); 2. Domination/Control (People, thoughts, actions, or political entities).
“你不能让恐惧支配你的生活。” (You cannot let fear dominate your life.)
In a modern context, 支配 is frequently used in economic discussions regarding the 'disposable income' (可支配收入), which refers to the money individuals have the freedom to allocate after taxes. This highlights the word's connection to freedom of choice and management. However, when applied to human relationships, it often takes on a more forceful or even negative connotation, implying one party is exerting undue influence over another.
“他学会了合理支配自己的零花钱。” (He learned to reasonably allocate his pocket money.)
- Grammatical Function
- It is a transitive verb. It can be followed directly by an object (支配时间) or used in a passive construction (受他人支配). It can also function as an attributive modifier (支配地位 - dominant position).
“这种思想长期支配着这个社会。” (This ideology has long dominated this society.)
Using 支配 correctly requires understanding whether you are talking about management or domination. In daily life, the most common usage revolves around 'disposable' items like time and money. When you use 支配 with '时间' (shíjiān) or '金钱' (jīnqián), you are acting as a manager. You are deciding how to distribute these limited resources to achieve the best outcome.
- Managing Resources: 支配时间 (allocate time), 支配收入 (manage income), 支配人力 (allocate manpower).
- Exerting Influence: 支配他人 (dominate others), 支配全局 (control the overall situation), 支配思想 (dominate thoughts).
When the subject is an abstract concept like '欲望' (yùwàng - desire) or '本能' (běnnéng - instinct), the word 支配 suggests that the person has lost their agency to these forces. For example, '被欲望支配' (controlled by desire) implies a lack of self-control. This passive form (被...支配 or 受...支配) is extremely common in literature and psychological discussions.
Active Voice
Subject + 支配 + Object
“他想支配所有人。” (He wants to dominate everyone.)
Passive Voice
Subject + 受/被 + Agent + 支配
“他不愿受人支配。” (He is unwilling to be controlled by others.)
In formal or academic writing, 支配 often appears in the term 支配地位 (zhīpèi dìwèi), meaning a 'dominant position'. This is used in business to describe market monopolies or in politics to describe a leading power. If a company has 支配地位, it can set prices and influence the entire industry's direction.
You will encounter 支配 in several distinct environments, ranging from the evening news to personal development podcasts. Understanding these contexts helps you grasp the word's weight.
- 1. Financial News & Economics
- The most frequent technical use is in the phrase 可支配收入 (kě zhīpèi shōurù), which means 'disposable income'. Economists use this to measure the purchasing power of a population. You'll hear: “随着国民可支配收入的增加...” (With the increase in national disposable income...).
- 2. Psychology & Self-Help
- In discussions about mental health, speakers often talk about not letting emotions like fear, anxiety, or anger 支配 (dominate) one's actions. A therapist might say: “别让负面情绪支配你的决定。” (Don't let negative emotions dictate your decisions.)
- 3. Political Science & History
- When describing empires, hegemonies, or colonial history, 支配 is used to describe the power dynamic between the ruler and the ruled. It describes a structural control that goes beyond mere physical presence to include economic and cultural dominance.
- 4. Business & Strategy
- In the boardroom, leaders talk about '支配市场' (dominating the market) or '支配资源' (allocating resources). It sounds professional and strategic, implying a high-level view of operations.
Scenario: A manager is speaking to a team about a new project budget.
“我们需要合理支配这笔预算，确保每一分钱都花在刀刃上。” (We need to reasonably allocate this budget to ensure every cent is spent where it matters most.)
While 支配 is a common word, learners often confuse it with other 'control' or 'distribution' words. Here are the most frequent pitfalls:
- Mistake 1: Confusing with '控制' (kòngzhì)
'控制' is about restraint or manipulation (like a remote control or self-control). '支配' is about allocation or overarching dominance. You '控制' your temper, but you '支配' your time.
- Mistake 2: Confusing with '分配' (fēnpèi)
'分配' means to distribute or assign (like giving out tasks). '支配' means the power to decide how things are used. A boss '分配' tasks to you, but you '支配' how you finish them.
- Mistake 3: Overusing it in casual settings
'支配' can sound quite formal or even 'heavy'. Using it to say 'I used my money to buy an apple' sounds unnatural. It's better for broader management or significant influence.
Another subtle mistake is the word order in passive sentences. Remember that 受...支配 is a fixed pattern. Saying '被支配他人' is grammatically incorrect; it should be '支配他人' (active) or '受他人支配' (passive).
To truly master 支配, you must see where it sits among its synonyms. Each has a slightly different 'flavor' of control.
- 控制 (kòngzhì) - To Control
- The most general term. It focuses on keeping something within limits or making it do what you want.
Example: 控制体重 (control weight). - 主宰 (zhǔzǎi) - To Dominate/Rule
- Much stronger than 支配. It implies being the 'master' or 'god' of a situation. It has a grander, often philosophical feel.
Example: 主宰命运 (master one's destiny). - 调度 (diàodù) - To Dispatch/Schedule
- Focuses on the logistical side of 支配. It's used for vehicles, troops, or workers.
Example: 调度车辆 (dispatch vehicles). - 管辖 (guǎnxiá) - To Have Jurisdiction Over
- A legal or administrative term. It defines the area or people a person is officially responsible for.
Example: 管辖范围 (scope of jurisdiction).
In summary, while 控制 is about the act of holding back or directing, 支配 is about the authority to use or the power to influence. 主宰 is the ultimate form of that power.
How Formal Is It?
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Wichtige Grammatik
Passive voice with 被 (bèi)
Passive voice with 受 (shòu)
Attributive clauses with 的 (de)
Adverbial modifiers
Beispiele nach Niveau
我要支配我的时间。
I want to allocate my time.
Subject + Verb + Object
他有很多钱可以支配。
He has a lot of money to use.
Using '可以' to show ability.
你怎么支配你的零花钱？
How do you spend your pocket money?
Question form with '怎么'.
我不喜欢被别人支配。
I don't like being controlled by others.
Passive voice with '被'.
支配时间很重要。
Allocating time is important.
Verb phrase as a subject.
他支配着这个小店。
He manages this small shop.
Continuous state with '着'.
我们要学会支配生活。
We need to learn to manage life.
Verb '学会' + '支配'.
这笔钱由你支配。
This money is at your disposal.
Structure '由...支配'.
周末的时间由我自由支配。
The weekend time is for me to use freely.
Phrase '自由支配' is very common.
他无法支配自己的命运。
He cannot control his own destiny.
Abstract object '命运'.
你应该合理支配你的精力。
You should reasonably allocate your energy.
Adverb '合理' modifying the verb.
这个机器由电脑支配。
This machine is controlled by a computer.
Technical use of control.
谁在支配这个项目？
Who is directing this project?
Interrogative '谁'.
他被恐惧支配了。
He was dominated by fear.
Passive voice with '被'.
我们有权支配这块土地。
We have the right to manage this land.
Noun '权' (right) + '支配'.
他想支配家里的一切。
He wants to control everything in the house.
Direct object '一切'.
为了成功，你必须学会支配自己的欲望。
To succeed, you must learn to control your desires.
Purpose clause '为了...'.
这笔奖金你可以随心所欲地支配。
You can use this bonus however you wish.
Idiom '随心所欲' as an adverbial.
他在这家公司拥有绝对的支配权。
He has absolute control in this company.
Noun '支配权' (power of control).
不要让琐事支配了你的生活。
Don't let trivial matters dominate your life.
Imperative '不要让...'.
政府如何支配这笔税收？
How does the government allocate this tax revenue?
Formal context.
他的行为受本能支配。
His behavior is governed by instinct.
Structure '受...支配'.
在那个时代，男性支配着社会。
In 그 era, men dominated society.
Historical context.
这种药物会支配人的神经系统。
This drug will control the human nervous system.
Scientific context.
城市居民的可支配收入正在稳步增长。
The disposable income of urban residents is growing steadily.
Economic term '可支配收入'.
大公司往往在市场上占据支配地位。
Large companies often hold a dominant position in the market.
Phrase '支配地位'.
这种思想在当时支配了整个学术界。
This thought dominated the entire academic world at that time.
Abstract dominance.
他试图支配谈话的每一个细节。
He tried to control every detail of the conversation.
Verb '试图' (attempt).
我们的行为往往受潜意识支配。
Our behavior is often governed by the subconscious.
Psychological context.
他不仅支配着财富，还支配着人心。
He not only controls wealth but also people's hearts.
Parallel structure '不仅...还...'.
这种权力让他可以随意支配资源。
This power allows him to allocate resources at will.
Adverb '随意' (at will).
在自然界，强者支配弱者。
In nature, the strong dominate the weak.
Philosophical statement.
殖民主义的核心是权力的支配与服从。
The core of colonialism is the dominance and submission of power.
Academic nouns '支配与服从'.
动词支配宾语是基本的语法规则。
Verbs governing objects is a basic grammatical rule.
Linguistic term.
他的一生都被这种强烈的使命感所支配。
His whole life was dominated by this strong sense of mission.
Passive with '被...所支配'.
这种全球化的逻辑正在支配着各国的政策。
This logic of globalization is dominating the policies of various countries.
Complex abstract subject.
在艺术创作中，灵感往往支配着技巧。
In artistic creation, inspiration often dominates technique.
Abstract comparison.
他深刻地揭示了资本如何支配现代生活。
He profoundly revealed how capital dominates modern life.
Critical analysis.
这种支配关系在短时间内很难改变。
This dominant relationship is hard to change in a short time.
Noun phrase '支配关系'.
我们要警惕那些试图支配我们思想的言论。
We must be wary of rhetoric that attempts to dominate our thoughts.
Verb '警惕' (be wary of).
该理论探讨了意识形态如何对个体进行深层支配。
The theory explores how ideology exercises deep dominance over individuals.
Formal academic '对...进行支配'.
在霸权体系下，核心国家支配着边缘国家的资源。
Under a hegemonic system, core nations dominate the resources of peripheral nations.
Geopolitical terminology.
这种支配性的叙事掩盖了多元的声音。
This dominant narrative obscures diverse voices.
Adjective '支配性的'.
他试图从哲学高度去解构这种支配逻辑。
He attempted to deconstruct this logic of dominance from a philosophical height.
Verb '解构' (deconstruct).
生物进化在很大程度上受基因支配。
Biological evolution is to a large extent governed by genes.
Scientific determinism.
市场看不见的手在默默地支配着供需平衡。
The invisible hand of the market silently governs the balance of supply and demand.
Metaphorical usage.
法律的支配地位是现代文明的基石。
The dominance of the law is the cornerstone of modern civilization.
Legal philosophy.
这种心理机制支配着人类的集体行为。
This psychological mechanism governs human collective behavior.
Sociological context.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
Wird oft verwechselt mit
Control focuses on restraint; 支配 focuses on allocation and authority.
Distribution is the act of giving out; 支配 is the power to decide how to use.
Dominating/Ruling is more absolute and existential than 支配.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
Leicht verwechselbar
Satzmuster
So verwendest du es
支配 implies a sense of ownership or legitimate authority over the object.
Can be neutral (allocation) or negative (domination).
Very strong with '时间', '金钱', and '地位'.
- Using 支配 instead of 控制 for mechanical devices.
- Saying '被支配他人' instead of '支配他人'.
- Confusing 支配 with 分配 in the context of simple sharing.
- Using it too casually (e.g., 'I will 支配 this apple').
- Mispronouncing '配' as second or third tone.
Tipps
Learn the Pair
Always learn '支配' alongside '可支配收入' as it's the most common real-world usage.
Passive Pattern
Master the '受...支配' pattern to describe being influenced by external forces.
Softening
In social settings, use '安排' instead of '支配' to avoid sounding too controlling.
Precision
Use '支配' when you want to emphasize the authority behind the management.
News Keywords
When you hear '经济' (economy), listen for '支配' to understand resource talk.
Self-Mastery
In a Chinese context, '支配自己' (controlling oneself) is a highly respected trait.
Resource vs. Power
Categorize your usage into 'Resource Allocation' or 'Power Dynamics' to stay clear.
The Conductor
Visualize a conductor; they '支配' the orchestra's timing and energy.
HSK 5/6
This word frequently appears in HSK 5 and 6 reading comprehensions about society.
Formal Flair
Replace '用' with '支配' in formal essays about budgeting or management.
Einprägen
Wortherkunft
Ancient Chinese
Kultureller Kontext
Taoism and Buddhism often discuss freeing oneself from being '支配' by worldly attachments.
The rise of the 'disposable income' metric reflects China's shift to a consumer economy.
Historically, 支配 was the prerogative of the emperor and fathers.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Gesprächseinstiege
"你通常如何支配你的周末时间？"
"你觉得金钱能支配一个人的幸福吗？"
"在你的国家，人们的可支配收入高吗？"
"你曾经感觉被某种情绪支配过吗？"
"在团队合作中，谁应该拥有最终的支配权？"
Tagebuch-Impulse
写一写你如何支配你的一笔奖金。
描述一次你感到受人支配的经历，以及你的感受。
论述：我们是时间的主人，还是被时间支配的奴隶？
如果你有绝对的权力支配一项公共资源，你会怎么做？
反思一下，你的哪些决定是受潜意识支配的？
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenYes, but it implies a strong power dynamic, often meaning one person dominates or controls another's actions.
It is 'disposable income', the money left after taxes that you can choose how to spend.
Yes, it is more formal than '用' (use) or '管' (manage).
分配 is about dividing things up; 支配 is about having the authority to direct how they are used.
Yes, it's common to say '被情绪支配' (dominated by emotions).
You can say '由你支配' (yóu nǐ zhīpèi).
Yes, it refers to a verb 'governing' an object.
No, use '控制' (kòngzhì) for mechanical or electronic control.
It means 'dominant position', often used in market or political contexts.
No, when used with time or money management, it is usually neutral or positive.
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Summary
支配 is a powerful verb that transitions from the practical management of budgets and schedules to the profound psychological and political control of people and ideas. Mastery of this word allows you to discuss both personal organization and complex social dynamics.
- 支配 (zhīpèi) means to control, dominate, or allocate resources like time and money.
- It is commonly used in 'disposable income' (可支配收入) and 'dominant position' (支配地位).
- It can be used actively (to dominate) or passively (to be dominated by emotions or others).
- While similar to '控制' (control), it focuses more on management and structural authority.
Learn the Pair
Always learn '支配' alongside '可支配收入' as it's the most common real-world usage.
Passive Pattern
Master the '受...支配' pattern to describe being influenced by external forces.
Softening
In social settings, use '安排' instead of '支配' to avoid sounding too controlling.
Precision
Use '支配' when you want to emphasize the authority behind the management.
Beispiel
他学会了如何合理支配自己的时间。
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