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B1 adjective 10 Min. Lesezeit

有限的

yǒuxiàn de
Beispiele 有限的 in 30 Sekunden
Erklärung 有限的 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should understand '有限的' (yǒuxiàn de) as a word that means 'not many' or 'not much,' but in a slightly more formal way. Think of it as 'limited.' You might see it on signs in a shop, like '时间有限' (time is limited), which tells you a sale is ending soon. At this stage, you don't need to use it in complex sentences. Just remember that '有' (yǒu) means 'to have' and '限' (xiàn) means 'limit.' So '有限' literally means 'has a limit.' If you have 5 apples and you can't get more, your apples are '有限的.' It is a useful word to know for basic shopping and understanding schedules. You will mostly hear it paired with '时间' (shíjiān - time) or '位子' (wèizi - seats). Even though it's a B1 word, its components are very basic, making it easy to recognize early on.
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At the A2 level, you can start using '有限的' to describe your own resources or surroundings. You might use it to explain why you can't do something, like '我的钱是有限的' (My money is limited). This is more polite and sounds a bit more 'adult' than just saying '我没有钱' (I don't have money). You can also use it to describe physical things, like '这里的空间有限' (The space here is limited). Notice how we often put '是' (shì) before it and '的' (de) after it when it comes at the end of a sentence. This '是...的' structure is very common for describing the nature of things. You should also recognize it in the term '有限公司' (yǒuxiàn gōngsī), which you will see on business cards and building signs everywhere in China. It means 'Limited Company.'
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As a B1 learner, you should be able to use '有限的' (yǒuxiàn de) to discuss abstract concepts and provide justifications in professional or academic settings. This is the level where the word really belongs. You should use it to qualify nouns like '资源' (zīyuán - resources), '精力' (jīnglì - energy), and '能力' (nénglì - ability). For example, '由于精力有限，我只能参加一个活动' (Due to limited energy, I can only participate in one activity). You should also understand its role in contrasting with '无限' (wúxiàn - infinite). In discussions about the environment or personal growth, you can use '有限的' to set the stage for your argument. You should also be comfortable using it as an attributive adjective (有限的+Noun) and as a predicate (Subject+是+有限的). Pay attention to how it sounds more formal than '少' (shǎo) and use it when you want to sound more precise.
At the B2 level, you should master the nuances between '有限的' and its synonyms like '局限' (júxiàn) or '紧缺' (jǐnquē). You should be able to use '有限的' in complex sentence structures, such as '在有限的条件下创造出最大的价值' (To create the maximum value under limited conditions). This shows a high level of fluency. You should also be able to recognize the word in legal, economic, and scientific texts. For instance, in an economic report, '有限的' might describe market capacity or supply. You should also be aware of the word's use in formal speeches and written essays to provide a logical boundary to a topic. Your use of '有限的' should feel natural and appropriately formal for the context, avoiding the common mistake of using it for simple countable objects where '几个' would be more appropriate.
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At the C1 level, you should appreciate the philosophical and literary weight of '有限的.' You will encounter it in classical-style modern prose and deep philosophical debates about the nature of existence. You should be able to use it to describe very abstract concepts, such as '有限的认知' (limited cognition) or '有限的自由' (limited freedom). You should also be able to use it in sophisticated rhetorical structures, such as '生命虽有限，而奋斗无止境' (Though life is finite, the struggle is endless). At this level, you should also understand the historical development of the character '限' and how it relates to other words in the 'limit' family. Your writing should use '有限的' to define the scope of your arguments with precision, and you should be able to switch between '有限,' '局限,' and '约束' (yuēshù) based on the exact shade of meaning you wish to convey.
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At the C2 level, '有限的' (yǒuxiàn de) is a tool for precision and stylistic flair. You should be able to use it in any context, from high-level diplomatic negotiations to complex scientific research papers. You might use it to discuss the '有限元分析' (Finite Element Analysis) in engineering or '有限理性' (Bounded Rationality) in behavioral economics. You should have a complete grasp of its collocations and be able to use it to create nuanced, elegant sentences that reflect a deep understanding of Chinese logic and worldviews. You should be able to critique the use of the word in literature and understand when an author uses it to evoke a sense of tragedy, realism, or humility. Your command of the word should be indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker, using it to navigate the boundaries of language and thought.
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Beispiele

有限的 in 30 Sekunden

  • 有限的 (yǒuxiàn de) means 'limited' or 'finite.' It describes things that have a boundary or end, like time, money, or space.
  • It is a formal adjective commonly used in business (Limited Company), science (finite sets), and daily life to explain constraints.
  • The word is the direct opposite of 无限的 (wúxiàn de), which means 'infinite' or 'limitless.'
  • It is often used in the 'Subject + 是 + 有限的' structure or directly before a noun with '的'.

The term 有限的 (yǒuxiàn de) is a cornerstone of Chinese vocabulary used to describe the concept of boundaries, scarcity, and finiteness. At its core, the word is composed of two characters: 有 (yǒu), meaning 'to have,' and 限 (xiàn), meaning 'limit' or 'boundary.' When combined with the adjectival particle 的 (de), it functions to qualify nouns that are restricted in quantity, duration, or scope. This is not merely a mathematical term but a deeply philosophical and practical descriptor used across all levels of Chinese discourse, from daily life to high-level economic policy.

Economic Scarcity
In business and economics, this word highlights that resources like capital, labor, and raw materials are not infinite. It is often used in the phrase '有限的资源' (limited resources), which is the fundamental problem of economics.

由于我们的预算是有限的，我们必须精打细算。(Since our budget is limited, we must calculate carefully.)

Beyond economics, 有限的 is frequently applied to human capacity. Whether it is '有限的时间' (limited time) or '有限的精力' (limited energy), the word serves as a reminder of human mortality and the physical constraints of our existence. It carries a slightly formal tone but is indispensable in neutral contexts. For instance, in a job interview, one might humbly admit that their experience in a specific niche is '有限的,' showing self-awareness and honesty.

Temporal Bounds
Time is the most common noun paired with this adjective. It emphasizes that a deadline is approaching or that a human life is short. It creates a sense of urgency or poignancy depending on the context.

The word also appears in legal and corporate contexts, most notably in '有限公司' (yǒuxiàn gōngsī), which means 'Limited Company' or 'LLC.' This usage refers to the limited liability of the shareholders. Thus, the word bridges the gap between everyday concepts of 'not much' and complex legal structures of 'restricted responsibility.' It is a versatile tool that helps speakers define the parameters of reality.

人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。(Human life is finite, but serving the people is infinite.)

Spatial Limitations
When describing physical space, such as an apartment or a storage unit, '有限的' suggests that one must be organized. It implies that the space is not just small, but specifically bounded.

Finally, the word is used to contrast with its antonym, 无限的 (wúxiàn de). This duality is a common theme in Chinese literature and philosophy. While Western speakers might use 'limited' simply to complain about a data plan, Chinese speakers often use 有限的 to frame an entire argument about prioritization and value. If something is finite, it is inherently more precious.

Using 有限的 (yǒuxiàn de) correctly involves understanding its placement and the nouns it typically modifies. As an adjective, its primary role is to restrict the scope of the noun it precedes. The structure is almost always 有限的 + Noun. However, it can also function as a predicate following a subject and the linking verb '是' (shì).

Attributive Usage
In this pattern, the word directly modifies the noun. Example: '有限的空间' (limited space). This is the most common way to use the word in both writing and speech.

我们必须在有限的时间内完成这项任务。(We must complete this task within a limited time.)

When used as a predicate, the word describes the nature of the subject. For example, '资源是有限的' (Resources are limited). In this case, the '的' at the end acts as a marker that turns the phrase into a descriptive state. You can also intensify it using adverbs like '非常' (fēicháng - very) or '极其' (jíqí - extremely), though '有限' itself is already quite definitive.

Predicative Usage
This structure follows the 'Subject + 是 + 有限的' formula. It is used to state a fact about the subject's limitations. Example: '我的能力是有限的' (My ability is limited).

Another nuance involves the use of 有限的 in negative comparisons. For example, saying something is '不仅限于' (not limited to) uses the root '限' to show expansion. However, '有限' on its own almost always carries a connotation of 'not enough' or 'needs careful management.' It is a word of caution and realism.

这间教室的座位是有限的，请尽早报名。(Seats in this classroom are limited, please register early.)

Abstract vs. Concrete
You can use '有限的' for concrete items (limited water) and abstract concepts (limited patience). In abstract cases, it often sounds more sophisticated than simply saying 'not much.'

Finally, in academic writing, 有限的 is used to define the scope of a study. A researcher might write, '由于样本量有限...' (Due to the limited sample size...). This demonstrates the word's utility in providing logical justifications for the boundaries of one's work. It is a precise word that avoids the ambiguity of more casual terms.

You will encounter 有限的 (yǒuxiàn de) in a variety of real-world scenarios in Chinese-speaking environments. One of the most common places is in the business world. Walk into any office in Shanghai or Beijing, and you'll hear managers talking about '有限的预算' (limited budgets) or '有限的人力' (limited manpower). It is the language of project management and strategic planning.

News and Media
Broadcasters frequently use this word when reporting on environmental issues or global crises. Phrases like '有限的自然资源' (limited natural resources) are staples of documentaries and news reports concerning sustainability.

专家表示，地球的资源是有限的，我们必须保护环境。(Experts say Earth's resources are finite; we must protect the environment.)

In the realm of consumerism, you'll see this word on advertisements and shopping apps like Taobao or Meituan. '有限时间优惠' (Limited time offer) or '名额有限' (Limited spots available) are high-pressure sales tactics used to encourage immediate action. Here, the word takes on a sense of exclusivity and urgency, designed to trigger the consumer's 'fear of missing out' (FOMO).

Academic and Scientific Discourse
In textbooks and lectures, '有限' is used to describe mathematical sets or scientific conditions. For instance, '有限集合' (finite set) is a standard term in mathematics, and '有限深度' (limited depth) might be used in geology or oceanography.

In literature and film, 有限的 often appears in philosophical monologues. A character might reflect on their '有限的生命' (finite life) while staring at the stars or a sunset. It adds a layer of existential depth to the dialogue, contrasting the smallness of the individual with the vastness of the universe. It is a word that carries weight, whether it's about a discount on a pair of shoes or the end of a human life.

这次活动的折扣仅在有限的几天内有效。(The discount for this event is only valid for a limited few days.)

Finally, you will hear it in the medical field. Doctors might speak about '有限的治疗方案' (limited treatment options) when discussing difficult cases. This usage is somber and precise, indicating that all known avenues have been explored. In every context, 有限的 acts as a boundary-setter, defining what is possible and what is not.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 有限的 (yǒuxiàn de) is confusing it with other words that mean 'few' or 'little,' such as 少 (shǎo) or 一点 (yīdiǎn). While '有限' implies a limit, it does not always mean 'very few.' It means 'not infinite.' For example, having 1,000 units of something is still '有限的' compared to having an endless supply, even if 1,000 is a large number.

Mistake: Using it for countable people
Learners often try to say '有限的人' to mean 'a few people.' This sounds very strange and overly formal. Use '几个人' or '少数人' instead. '有限' is usually for abstract nouns or resources.

Incorrect: 教室里有有限的学生。(There are limited students in the classroom.)
Correct: 教室里只有几个学生。(There are only a few students in the classroom.)

Another error is the omission of the particle 的 when it is modifying a noun. In English, we say 'limited resources.' In Chinese, you must say '有限的资源.' Without the '的,' the phrase can feel clipped or grammatically incomplete, unless it is part of a fixed compound noun like '有限公司' (Limited Company).

Mistake: Confusing with '限制' (xiànzhì)
'限制' is a verb or noun meaning 'to restrict' or 'restriction.' '有限' is an adjective. You cannot say '我的时间被有限' (My time is limited - passive). You should say '我的时间是有限的' or '我的时间受到了限制.'

Learners also struggle with the intensity of the word. Because '有限' already contains the idea of a 'limit,' adding '非常' (very) can sometimes feel redundant, though it is used for emphasis. However, using '有点' (a bit) with '有限' ('有点有限') sounds awkward. It is better to say '比较有限' (relatively limited) if you want to soften the statement.

Incorrect: 他的水平有点有限。(His level is a bit limited.)
Correct: 他的水平比较有限。(His level is relatively limited.)

Finally, avoid using '有限的' to describe physical size like 'small' (小). If a room is small, say it is '小.' If you say the room's space is '有限的,' you are making a more formal observation about the constraints of the area, perhaps in the context of fitting furniture into it. Misusing these levels of formality can make you sound like a textbook rather than a person.

To truly master 有限的 (yǒuxiàn de), you must know how it compares to its synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific nuance that makes it more suitable for certain situations. Understanding these differences will elevate your Chinese from basic to sophisticated.

有限 vs. 局限 (júxiàn)
While '有限' describes a quantity or extent that has an end, '局限' often implies being 'confined' or 'stuck' within a certain scope. '局限' is more often used as a verb (局限于 - limited to) or to describe a narrow perspective.

对比：
1. 资源是有限的。(Resources are finite.)
2. 他的眼光局限于目前。(His vision is limited to the present.)

Another close relative is 限制 (xiànzhì). As mentioned in the common mistakes section, '限制' is the act of limiting. If '有限' is the state, '限制' is the action. For instance, '速度限制' (speed limit) uses the noun form, while '限制消费' (restrict spending) uses the verb form.

有限 vs. 紧缺 (jǐnquē)
'紧缺' specifically means 'in short supply' or 'scarce.' Use '有限' to describe the nature of a resource, but use '紧缺' to describe a crisis where there isn't enough of it to meet demand.

For the opposite of '有限的,' we have 无限的 (wúxiàn de). This is essential for philosophical discussions. You might hear '无限的可能' (infinite possibilities) or '无限的潜力' (infinite potential). The structure and usage of '无限' mirror '有限' exactly, making them a perfect pair to learn together.

Specific Alternatives
  • 少量 (shǎoliàng): A small amount (more concrete).
  • 狭小 (xiáxiǎo): Narrow and small (specifically for space).
  • 短促 (duǎncù): Very brief (specifically for time).

In summary, '有限的' is your go-to word for general limitations. If you want to be more specific about *how* something is limited—whether it's by an external force (限制), by its own narrowness (局限), or by a lack of supply (紧缺)—you should choose one of these more specialized alternatives.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

时间有限，请快一点。

Time is limited, please be a bit faster.

Subject + Adjective phrase. Here '的' is omitted for brevity in a command.

2

我的钱是有限的。

My money is limited.

Standard '是...的' structure for description.

3

这里有有限的位子。

There are limited seats here.

Using '有限的' as an adjective before a noun.

4

这个苹果是有限的。

This apple is limited (one of a few).

Simple descriptive use.

5

老师说，时间有限。

The teacher said time is limited.

Reporting a statement about a limit.

6

有限的水。

Limited water.

Noun phrase.

7

名额有限。

Spots are limited.

A common four-character phrase used in ads.

8

他的书是有限的。

His books are limited (he doesn't have many).

Possessive + Subject + 是 + Adjective.

1

因为空间有限，我们不能买大沙发。

Because space is limited, we cannot buy a big sofa.

Using '因为' (because) to explain a constraint.

2

这家超市的蔬菜是有限的。

The vegetables in this supermarket are limited.

Describing a state of scarcity.

3

我的汉语水平还很有限。

My Chinese level is still quite limited.

A polite and common way to describe one's skills.

4

这个周末我的时间比较有限。

My time is relatively limited this weekend.

Using '比较' (relatively) to soften the tone.

5

由于预算有限，我们去近一点的地方旅行吧。

Due to a limited budget, let's travel somewhere closer.

'由于' (due to) is a bit more formal than '因为'.

6

这种手机在店里只有有限的几台。

There are only a few limited units of this phone in the store.

Combining '有限的' with '几台' for emphasis.

7

我们的能力是有限的，需要你的帮助。

Our ability is limited; we need your help.

Expressing a need based on a limitation.

8

他在北京的朋友非常有限。

His friends in Beijing are very limited.

Using '非常' (very) to emphasize the limit.

1

我们必须在有限的资源内完成这个项目。

We must complete this project within limited resources.

Preposition '在...内' (within) used with '有限的'.

2

虽然他的经验有限，但他非常努力。

Although his experience is limited, he works very hard.

'虽然...但...' (although... but...) construction.

3

这篇文章的字数是有限的，不能写太长。

The word count of this article is limited; you can't write too long.

Describing a specific rule-based limit.

4

人的精力是有限的，你应该学会休息。

Human energy is limited; you should learn to rest.

General truth about human nature.

5

这个优惠活动仅限于有限的几种商品。

This promotion is only restricted to a limited few types of goods.

Using '仅限于' (only restricted to) alongside '有限的'.

6

在这种有限的条件下，他取得了很大的成功。

Under these limited conditions, he achieved great success.

Using '条件下' (under conditions).

7

由于信息有限，我们无法做出决定。

Due to limited information, we are unable to make a decision.

Explaining a lack of action due to limits.

8

生命是有限的，但知识是无限的。

Life is finite, but knowledge is infinite.

A classic philosophical contrast.

1

在有限的预算下，如何提高生产效率是一个难题。

How to improve production efficiency under a limited budget is a difficult problem.

Nominalized phrase as a subject.

2

他的影响力仅限于一个有限的圈子。

His influence is restricted to a limited circle.

Abstract use of 'circle' (圈子).

3

这种药物的副作用在有限的临床试验中尚未显现。

The side effects of this drug have not yet appeared in limited clinical trials.

Formal scientific context.

4

鉴于篇幅有限，本文将不再赘述相关理论。

Given the limited space, this article will not go into detail about related theories.

'鉴于' (given that) is a formal B2-level conjunction.

5

市场对该产品的需求并非无限，而是极其有限的。

Market demand for this product is not infinite, but rather extremely limited.

'并非...而是...' (not... but rather...) construction.

6

我们的地球只有有限的承载能力。

Our Earth has only a limited carrying capacity.

Environmental scientific term '承载能力'.

7

这种艺术形式受众有限，但极具价值。

This art form has a limited audience but is extremely valuable.

Contrasting quantity with quality.

8

他只能在有限的法律框架内行事。

He can only act within a limited legal framework.

Abstract 'legal framework' (法律框架).

1

作者在有限的笔墨中勾勒出了一个时代的悲剧。

The author sketched the tragedy of an era with limited ink (words).

Literary use of '笔墨' (ink and brush) to mean writing.

2

这种哲学的核心在于承认人类理性的有限性。

The core of this philosophy lies in acknowledging the finiteness of human rationality.

Using '有限性' (finiteness) as a noun.

3

在有限的生命历程中，他追求的是永恒的真理。

In his finite life journey, what he pursued was eternal truth.

High-level contrast between '有限' and '永恒' (eternal).

4

该政策的实施效果受到了有限的行政资源的制约。

The implementation effect of the policy was constrained by limited administrative resources.

Formal passive structure with '受到...制约'.

5

尽管样本量有限，但其统计学意义不容忽视。

Despite the limited sample size, its statistical significance cannot be ignored.

Academic research terminology.

6

这反映了他在处理复杂局势时有限的决断力。

This reflects his limited decisiveness when dealing with complex situations.

Abstract personal trait '决断力'.

7

我们必须意识到，任何技术手段的作用都是有限的。

We must realize that the role of any technical means is limited.

Philosophical observation on technology.

8

在有限的视野内，我们往往无法看清事物的全貌。

Within a limited field of vision, we are often unable to see the full picture.

Metaphorical use of '视野' (vision/horizon).

1

所谓‘有限政府’，其权力必须受到宪法的严格约束。

The so-called 'limited government' must have its power strictly constrained by the constitution.

Political science term '有限政府'.

2

在有限博弈与无限博弈的博弈论框架下，策略选择迥异。

Under the game theory framework of finite games and infinite games, strategy choices are vastly different.

Advanced economic/mathematical terminology.

3

这种物质在极端条件下表现出有限的超导性。

This substance exhibits limited superconductivity under extreme conditions.

Technical scientific context.

4

历史的必然性往往通过无数有限的偶然性得以体现。

Historical necessity is often manifested through countless finite contingencies.

Deeply philosophical/historiographical sentence.

5

司法解释的效力在某些特定领域是有限的。

The effectiveness of judicial interpretation is limited in certain specific fields.

Legal jargon.

6

他试图在有限的感官体验中捕捉那超验的瞬间。

He attempted to capture that transcendent moment within limited sensory experiences.

Literary/Aesthetic context.

7

该理论的适用范围极其有限，仅针对特定物理模型。

The scope of application for this theory is extremely limited, targeting only specific physical models.

Precise scientific limitation.

8

在有限的认知边界内，我们构建了对宇宙的初步理解。

Within the limited cognitive boundaries, we have constructed a preliminary understanding of the universe.

Epistemological discussion.

Häufige Kollokationen

有限的时间
有限的资源
有限的精力
有限的空间
有限的预算
有限的能力
有限的生命
有限的经验
有限的选择
有限的范围

Häufige Phrasen

有限公司

— Limited Company (LLC). This is the standard term for a business entity where liability is restricted.

他创办了一家贸易有限公司。

名额有限

— Limited spots/seats available. Commonly used in advertisements and event registrations.

报名请抓紧，名额有限。

仅限于

— Only limited to. Used to specify a narrow range of application.

该优惠仅限于新用户。

数量有限

— Limited quantity. Used in retail to create urgency.

赠品数量有限，送完即止。

水平有限

— Limited level/skill. A humble way to describe one's lack of expertise.

本人水平有限，请多指教。

有限元

— Finite element. A technical term used in engineering and physics.

有限元分析是工程设计的重要工具。

有限责任

— Limited liability. A legal concept regarding debt and responsibility.

有限责任制度保护了投资者的利益。

有限合伙

— Limited partnership. A specific type of business structure.

他们成立了一个有限合伙企业。

有限集

— Finite set. A mathematical term for a set with a countable number of elements.

这是一个有限集，包含五个元素。

有限的人生

— A finite life. Used in literature to discuss human mortality.

在有限的人生中寻找意义。

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"有限之年"

— The limited years of one's life. Refers to the remaining time a person has.

他想在有限之年多做些善事。

Literary
"目光短浅"

— Short-sighted; limited vision. While not using the word '有限,' it describes a 'limited' perspective.

他目光短浅，只看眼前的利益。

Common
"井底之蛙"

— The frog at the bottom of the well. Describes someone with a very limited outlook.

不要做井底之蛙，要多出去看看。

Common
"一隅之见"

— A limited view; a narrow opinion. Literally 'a view from one corner.'

这只是我的一隅之见，供大家参考。

Formal
"有限博弈"

— Finite game. A game theory term where the game has a known end.

商业竞争有时被视为一场有限博弈。

Academic
"绰绰有余"

— More than enough. The opposite concept of 'limited.'

这些食物供三个人吃绰绰有余。

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～限定 Japanese 한정적이다 Korean
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