B1 Passive & Reported Speech 1 min read Fácil

Impersonal Passive Constructions

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the reflexive particle 'се' with a third-person singular verb to describe actions where the agent is unknown or irrelevant.

  • Use 3rd person singular: 'Казва се' (It is said).
  • No specific subject: The focus is on the action, not the person.
  • Works with most verbs: 'Пие се много кафе' (A lot of coffee is drunk).
Verb + се (e.g., Говори се = It is spoken)

Meanings

This construction allows speakers to express general truths, rumors, or actions without identifying a specific subject.

1

General truths

Describing habits or facts about a group or place.

“Тук се работи здраво.”

“В този град се говори само български.”

2

Rumors/Reports

Reporting information without citing a source.

“Казва се, че утре ще вали.”

“Смята се, че това е най-добрият ресторант.”

3

Instructions/Rules

Impersonal commands or prohibitions.

“Тук не се пуши.”

“В библиотеката се пази тишина.”

Impersonal Passive Formation

Tense Verb Form Example
Present 3rd Sing + се Пие се
Past Imperfect 3rd Sing + се Пиеше се
Past Aorist 3rd Sing + се Пи се
Future Ще + 3rd Sing + се Ще се пие
Perfect 3rd Sing (Neuter) + се Пило се е
Pluperfect 3rd Sing (Neuter) + се Беше се пило

Reference Table

Reference table for Impersonal Passive Constructions
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Verb + се Яде се
Negative Не + се + Verb Не се яде
Question Verb + ли + се Яде ли се?
Future Ще + се + Verb Ще се яде
Past Verb (past) + се Ядеше се
Perfect Verb (neuter) + се е Яло се е

Espectro de formalidad

Formal
Твърди се, че вали.

Твърди се, че вали. (Weather report)

Neutral
Казва се, че вали.

Казва се, че вали. (Weather report)

Informal
Говори се, че вали.

Говори се, че вали. (Weather report)

Jerga
Разправят, че вали.

Разправят, че вали. (Weather report)

Impersonal Passive Usage

Impersonal Passive

Functions

  • Rumors Казва се
  • Rules Не се пуши

Tenses

  • Present Пие се
  • Past Пиеше се

Examples by Level

1

Тук се говори български.

Bulgarian is spoken here.

2

Тук не се пуши.

No smoking here.

3

Как се казва това?

How is this said?

4

Тук се яде хляб.

Bread is eaten here.

1

В България се пие много кафе.

A lot of coffee is drunk in Bulgaria.

2

Вчера се танцуваше до късно.

There was dancing until late yesterday.

3

Казва се, че е много хубаво.

It is said that it is very nice.

4

Билетите се купуват онлайн.

Tickets are bought online.

1

Смята се, че това е най-добрият избор.

It is considered the best choice.

2

В този офис се работи по 8 часа.

In this office, one works 8 hours.

3

Твърди се, че той е заминал.

It is claimed that he has left.

4

В планината се ходи с добри обувки.

One walks in the mountains with good shoes.

1

В компанията се цени лоялността.

Loyalty is valued in the company.

2

Предполага се, че решението ще бъде взето утре.

It is assumed the decision will be taken tomorrow.

3

В тези условия се изисква голяма концентрация.

Great concentration is required in these conditions.

4

В миналото се е вярвало в духове.

In the past, it was believed in spirits.

1

Въпросът се обсъждаше дълго време.

The issue was discussed for a long time.

2

В този контекст се подчертава важността на детайлите.

In this context, the importance of details is emphasized.

3

Не се допускат никакви изключения.

No exceptions are allowed.

4

Всичко се решава в последния момент.

Everything is decided at the last moment.

1

В литературата се отразяват обществените настроения.

Social moods are reflected in literature.

2

В този регион се наблюдават специфични диалектни особености.

Specific dialectal features are observed in this region.

3

Всичко се е случило точно както беше предвидено.

Everything happened exactly as it was predicted.

4

В такива ситуации се изисква хладнокръвие.

Cool-headedness is required in such situations.

Easily Confused

Impersonal Passive Constructions vs True Passive

Learners mix up 'Книгата се чете' (The book is being read) with 'Книгата е прочетена' (The book has been read).

Impersonal Passive Constructions vs Reflexive Verbs

Learners think 'се' in 'Той се мие' (He washes himself) is the same as the impersonal passive.

Impersonal Passive Constructions vs Active Voice

Learners try to use the impersonal passive when they should be using active voice.

Errores comunes

Аз се яде хляб.

Яде се хляб.

You cannot include a subject like 'Аз'.

Хората се ядат хляб.

Яде се хляб.

The verb must be singular.

Ядат се хляб.

Яде се хляб.

The verb remains singular even if the object is plural.

Се яде хляб.

Яде се хляб.

The particle 'се' usually follows the verb.

Той се казва, че е добър.

Казва се, че е добър.

No subject allowed.

Тук се пушат.

Тук се пуши.

Impersonal verbs are always singular.

Ще се ядат ябълки.

Ще се яде ябълки.

Keep it singular.

Вчера се ядоха ябълки.

Вчера се яде ябълки.

Maintain singular form.

Смятат се, че е вярно.

Смята се, че е вярно.

Impersonal verbs don't change for the clause.

Твърдят се, че той е заминал.

Твърди се, че той е заминал.

Always singular.

Всичките се решават в последния момент.

Всичко се решава в последния момент.

Impersonal construction requires singular.

В тези условия се изискват концентрация.

В тези условия се изисква концентрация.

Singular verb.

Не се допускат никакви изключение.

Не се допуска никакво изключение.

Agreement with the object.

Sentence Patterns

Тук се ___.

Казва се, че ___.

В България се ___ много.

Смята се, че ___ е важно.

Real World Usage

Social Media very common

Тук се правят най-добрите снимки!

Texting common

Казва се, че ще закъснеят.

Job Interview common

В компанията се цени инициативата.

Travel very common

Тук се стига с автобус.

Food App common

Тук се поръчва бързо.

Public Sign constant

Не се паркира!

💡

Keep it simple

Don't look for a subject. If you can't find one, you are probably using the impersonal passive correctly.
⚠️

Watch the plural

Even if you are talking about many things, keep the verb singular.
🎯

Use it for rumors

The 'Казва се' structure is the best way to report gossip without being blamed.
💬

Sound native

Bulgarians love this structure. Using it will make you sound much more fluent.

Smart Tips

Use the impersonal passive to report bad news.

Ти счупи чашата. Чашата се счупи.

Use 'се' to describe how to get somewhere.

Ти стигаш до центъра с метро. До центъра се стига с метро.

Use 'се' for public signs.

Не пушете тук. Тук не се пуши.

Use 'Казва се' to start a rumor.

Хората казват, че той е богат. Казва се, че той е богат.

Pronunciación

se

The 'се' particle

It is unstressed and attaches to the verb.

Statement

Казва се, че вали ↘

Neutral information

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'се' as a 'Secret Agent' — it hides the real person doing the action!

Visual Association

Imagine a sign in a park that says 'Не се стъпва по тревата' (No stepping on the grass) with a ghost standing there because no one specific is doing the action.

Rhyme

Verb plus 'се', the subject will flee!

Story

In a small village, rumors spread fast. 'Казва се' (It is said) that a treasure is hidden. Everyone talks, but no one knows who started it. That is the power of the impersonal passive.

Word Web

секазвапиеработиядесмята

Desafío

Write 5 sentences about your city using 'се' (e.g., 'In my city, it is eaten...').

Notas culturales

Bulgarians use this often to avoid direct confrontation or to share rumors politely.

The impersonal passive evolved from the reflexive pronoun 'се' (self).

Conversation Starters

Как се казва това на български?

Какво се яде в България?

Какво се смята за най-важно в работата?

Как се решават конфликтите тук?

Journal Prompts

Describe your city using the impersonal passive.
Write about a local tradition.
Discuss a current social issue.
Reflect on how things have changed in your country.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Тук ___ български.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: се говори
Standard present tense.
Choose the correct form. Opción múltiple

Вчера ___ до късно.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: се танцуваше
Past tense required.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Хората се яде хляб.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Яде се хляб.
No subject allowed.
Transform to impersonal. Sentence Transformation

Те казват, че вали.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Казва се, че вали.
Impersonal passive.
Is this correct? True False Rule

В магазина се продават ябълки.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Plural is acceptable in some contexts but singular is preferred.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: Как се стига до центъра? Б: ___ с метро.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Стига се
Impersonal.
Order the words. Sentence Building

се / тук / работи / здраво

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Тук се работи здраво.
Correct word order.
Sort by tense. Grammar Sorting

Sort: Пие се, Пиеше се, Ще се пие.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Present, Past, Future
Correct order.

Score: /8

Ejercicios de practica

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Тук ___ български.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: се говори
Standard present tense.
Choose the correct form. Opción múltiple

Вчера ___ до късно.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: се танцуваше
Past tense required.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Хората се яде хляб.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Яде се хляб.
No subject allowed.
Transform to impersonal. Sentence Transformation

Те казват, че вали.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Казва се, че вали.
Impersonal passive.
Is this correct? True False Rule

В магазина се продават ябълки.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Plural is acceptable in some contexts but singular is preferred.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

А: Как се стига до центъра? Б: ___ с метро.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Стига се
Impersonal.
Order the words. Sentence Building

се / тук / работи / здраво

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Тук се работи здраво.
Correct word order.
Sort by tense. Grammar Sorting

Sort: Пие се, Пиеше се, Ще се пие.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Present, Past, Future
Correct order.

Score: /8

Preguntas frecuentes (8)

Most transitive and intransitive verbs work, but some reflexive verbs don't.

Because the construction is impersonal; there is no subject to agree with.

It is used in both, but the register changes based on the verb choice.

Then use the active voice. Impersonal passive is for when you don't know or don't care.

Just add 'не' before the verb: 'Не се работи'.

Yes: 'Ще се работи'.

Very common. It's used for reporting.

Yes, Spanish and French have similar concepts.

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Se impersonal

Spanish allows plural verbs if the object is plural.

French moderate

On

French uses a pronoun; Bulgarian uses a particle.

German moderate

Man

German uses a pronoun; Bulgarian uses a particle.

Japanese low

Passive/Potential

Japanese is agglutinative; Bulgarian is inflectional.

Arabic low

Passive voice

Arabic is root-based; Bulgarian is suffix-based.

Chinese low

Topic-comment

Chinese has no conjugation.

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