Indirect Object Pronouns (На кого)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Indirect object pronouns tell us who is receiving the action, like 'to me' or 'to him'.
- Use 'ми' for 'to me' (e.g., Дай ми вода - Give me water).
- Use 'ти' for 'to you' (e.g., Кажи ти истината - Tell you the truth).
- Place them before the verb in most standard sentences.
Indirect Object Pronouns
| Person | Pronoun | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
|
1st Sing
|
ми
|
to me
|
|
2nd Sing
|
ти
|
to you
|
|
3rd Sing (M/N)
|
му
|
to him/it
|
|
3rd Sing (F)
|
ѝ
|
to her
|
|
1st Plural
|
ни
|
to us
|
|
2nd Plural
|
ви
|
to you (pl)
|
|
3rd Plural
|
им
|
to them
|
Meanings
These pronouns represent the recipient of an action, answering the question 'to whom?'.
Recipient
The person receiving the action.
“Дай ми ключа.”
“Кажи му истината.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Pronoun + Verb
|
Дай ми вода
|
|
Negative
|
Не + Pronoun + Verb
|
Не ми давай
|
|
Question
|
Pronoun + Verb + ?
|
Дай ми ли?
|
|
Emphasis
|
На мен + Pronoun + Verb
|
На мен ми дай
|
|
Plural
|
Pronoun + Verb
|
Дай им книга
|
|
Formal
|
Pronoun + Verb
|
Дайте ми го
|
Espectro de formalidad
Дайте ми книгата. (Requesting an item.)
Дай ми книгата. (Requesting an item.)
Дай ми книгата. (Requesting an item.)
Дай книгата. (Requesting an item.)
The Recipient Flow
Recipient
- ми to me
- ти to you
Ejemplos por nivel
Дай ми вода.
Give me water.
Кажи ми името си.
Tell me your name.
Купи му подарък.
Buy him a gift.
Покажи ѝ снимката.
Show her the photo.
Той ми каза истината.
He told me the truth.
Тя ни изпрати писмо.
She sent us a letter.
Не ми харесва това.
I don't like this.
Дай им ключовете.
Give them the keys.
Обясних му как работи.
I explained to him how it works.
Тя ви даде съвет.
She gave you advice.
Не ми пречи на работата.
Don't disturb my work.
Помогни ни с багажа.
Help us with the luggage.
Той ми се обади вчера.
He called me yesterday.
Разказаха ни интересна история.
They told us an interesting story.
Не ми е ясно какво става.
It's not clear to me what's happening.
Дай им възможност да говорят.
Give them a chance to speak.
Той ми е доверено лице.
He is a trusted person to me.
Не ми се вярва, че е така.
I don't believe it's like that.
Дай ми да разбера логиката.
Let me understand the logic.
Тя му е поверила тайната.
She has entrusted him with the secret.
Не ми е до шеги сега.
I'm not in the mood for jokes now.
Той му е отвърнал с усмивка.
He replied to him with a smile.
Дай ми да разбера контекста.
Let me grasp the context.
Никой не ни е казал нищо.
Nobody has told us anything.
Fácil de confundir
Learners mix up 'me' (direct) and 'to me' (indirect).
Learners confuse 'si' (reflexive) with 'mi'.
Learners use long forms too often.
Errores comunes
Дай вода ми
Дай ми вода
Дай на мен
Дай ми
Дай му на него
Дай му
Не давай ми
Не ми давай
Кажи ѝ на нея
Кажи ѝ
Дай им на тях
Дай им
Пиши ви
Пиши ми
Дай ми го на мен
Дай ми го
Той ми даде
Той ми даде
Не ми е казал
Не ми е казал
Дай ми го на него
Дай му го
Не ми се иска
Не ми се иска
Дай им го
Дай им го
Patrones de oraciones
Дай ___ [item]
Кажи ___ истината
Не ___ давай това
Той ___ изпрати писмо
Real World Usage
Дай ми едно кафе.
Пиши ми.
Изпратих му документите.
Покажи ми пътя.
Дай ми го на вратата.
Кажи ми какво мислиш.
Placement
Don't repeat
Negative forms
Politeness
Smart Tips
Use 'ви' instead of 'ти'.
The pronoun always hugs the verb.
Add 'на мен' at the start.
Keep the pronoun after 'не'.
Pronunciación
Short vowels
Pronounce 'ми' and 'ти' clearly as short syllables.
Statement
Дай ми вода. ↘
Neutral request.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Remember 'M-T-M-I' (Mi-Ti-Mu-Im) for the main singular pronouns.
Asociación visual
Imagine a gift box. You are handing it to someone. The box is the verb, and the person you hand it to is the pronoun.
Rhyme
Give it to me, say 'ми'. Give it to him, say 'му'.
Story
I walk into a cafe. I say 'Дай ми кафе' (Give me coffee). The barista says 'Дай му захар' (Give him sugar) to his colleague. They are using indirect pronouns to manage the flow of the cafe.
Word Web
Desafío
Write 5 sentences using a different pronoun for each one.
Notas culturales
Bulgarians use these pronouns constantly to show personal involvement in an action.
Derived from Old Church Slavonic dative case forms.
Inicios de conversación
Какво ми казваш?
Дай ми съвет.
Той ти каза ли?
Какво им даде?
Temas para diario
Errores comunes
Test Yourself
Дай ___ вода.
___ дай истината.
Find and fix the mistake:
Дай вода ми.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Give him the book.
Answer starts with: Дай...
A: Дай ми ключа. B: ___.
Use: ми, кажи, истината.
Which is indirect?
Score: /8
Ejercicios de practica
8 exercisesДай ___ вода.
___ дай истината.
Find and fix the mistake:
Дай вода ми.
ми / дай / вода
Give him the book.
A: Дай ми ключа. B: ___.
Use: ми, кажи, истината.
Which is indirect?
Score: /8
Preguntas frecuentes (8)
No, indirect pronouns cannot start a sentence.
Use the long form 'на мен' before the short form.
Yes, they are used in all registers.
Only in the 3rd person singular (му/ѝ).
Bulgarian uses the same form for masculine and neuter.
Only with verbs that take a recipient.
Yes, it is used for 'you' plural or formal singular.
Use 'им'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
me/te/le
Bulgarian has fewer gender distinctions in pronouns.
me/te/lui
French has more complex clitic ordering.
mir/dir
German is case-based, Bulgarian is clitic-based.
ni
Bulgarian uses pre-verbal pronouns.
li-
Bulgarian uses separate words.
gei
Bulgarian uses pronouns.
