Nominalización en coreano: Formación de sustantivos (ㅁ/음)
ㅁ/음 to turn actions into formal nouns or for concise, objective writing in journals and reports.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Turn any verb or adjective into a noun by adding -ㅁ or -음 to the stem.
- Add -ㅁ to verb/adjective stems ending in a vowel (e.g., 꿈 from 꾸다).
- Add -음 to verb/adjective stems ending in a consonant (e.g., 먹음 from 먹다).
- Use these forms for diary entries, formal reports, or abstract concepts.
Overview
ㅁ o 음 colgando de la parte inferior de una palabra.esmoquin de la gramática coreana.How This Grammar Works
웃다 (reír) y le quitas el 다.웃.음 para obtener 웃음 (risa).final y concluido.
Formation Pattern
다).
ㅁ en la parte inferior.
음.
ㄹ, la ㄹ se queda y solo añades ㅁ.
When To Use It
#먹음 (comí/comiendo) en una historia de Instagram de tu almuerzo.닫음 (Cerrar/Cerrado) o 열음 (Abrir).Hoy fui al parquese convierte en
공원에 감 en un diario privado.그림 (dibujo), 춤 (baile), 숨 (respiración).ㅁ/음 en un texto es como enviarle una citación judicial formal a tu amigo para ir a almorzar.
Common Mistakes
오늘 학교에 감ㄹ.살음. Debe ser 삶.ㅂ.돕다 (ayudar) se convierte en 도움 (ayuda).하다 o 이다 si quieres una oración completa.꿈을 꾸다 (soñar un sueño) usa la forma sustantivada y el verbo.Contrast With Similar Patterns
ㅁ/음frente a-기:ㅁ/음trata sobre un estado finalizado o una cosa fija.-기trata sobre el proceso o un plan futuro.- Piensa en
기parala acción de hacer
y enㅁ/음parala cosa que se hizo
. ㅁ/음frente a-는 것:-는 것es la forma más común y versátil de nominalizar.- Usa
-는 것para hablar en general. - Usa
ㅁ/음para escritura de alto nivel o brevedad extrema.
Quick FAQ
P: ¿Puedo usar esto para el pasado?
R: ¡Sí! Usa 았/었 + 음. Ejemplo: 먹었음 (el hecho de haber comido).
P: ¿Está bien para entrevistas de trabajo?
R: Solo en tu currículum o portafolio escrito. ¡Habla con 습니다 en su lugar!
P: ¿Por qué mi teléfono dice 읽음 junto a un mensaje?
R: Eso significa Leído. Es la forma sustantivada de leer.
P: ¿Es 삶 (vida) una palabra común?
R: Sí, es muy poética y se usa en letras de canciones todo el tiempo.
P: ¿Puedo usar esto con adjetivos?
R: Absolutamente. 큼 (grandeza) o 작음 (pequeñez) funcionan perfectamente.
P: ¿Suena frío?
R: Puede sonar un poco seco o cortante, así que úsalo con cuidado con los sentimientos de las personas.
Nominalization Formation
| Verb/Adj Stem | Ending | Resulting Noun |
|---|---|---|
|
꿈(꾸다)
|
ㅁ
|
꿈
|
|
먹(먹다)
|
음
|
먹음
|
|
슬프(슬프다)
|
ㅁ
|
슬픔
|
|
기쁘(기쁘다)
|
ㅁ
|
기쁨
|
|
만들(만들다)
|
ㅁ
|
만듦
|
|
믿(믿다)
|
음
|
믿음
|
Meanings
This grammar turns verbs and adjectives into nouns, allowing them to act as subjects, objects, or topics in a sentence.
Abstract Noun
Creating a noun from a verb to describe the action itself.
“{믿음|信}이 중요하다.”
“{슬픔|悲}을 참았다.”
Diary/Memo Style
Used in written notes where the verb ending is replaced by -ㅁ/음 for brevity.
“오늘 {공부함|勉強}.”
“{운동함|運動}.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Stem + ㅁ/음
|
꿈(Dream)
|
|
Negative
|
안 + Stem + ㅁ/음
|
안 먹음(Not eating)
|
|
Past
|
Stem + 았/었음
|
먹었음(Ate)
|
|
Future
|
Stem + 겠음
|
가겠음(Will go)
|
|
Question
|
Stem + ㅁ/음?
|
먹음?(Did you eat?)
|
|
Adjective
|
Adj Stem + ㅁ/음
|
슬픔(Sadness)
|
Espectro de formalidad
점심을 먹었습니다. (Daily log)
점심을 먹었어요. (Daily log)
점심 먹음. (Daily log)
점심 컷. (Daily log)
Nominalization Flow
Vowel Ending
- 꿈 Dream
Consonant Ending
- 먹음 Eating
Ejemplos por nivel
나의 꿈은 가수다.
My dream is to be a singer.
믿음이 필요해요.
I need faith.
슬픔이 없어요.
There is no sadness.
기쁨을 나눠요.
Share the joy.
오늘 운동함.
Worked out today.
점심 먹음.
Ate lunch.
공부함.
Studied.
잠을 잠.
I sleep.
그의 말은 믿음이 안 가요.
His words are not believable.
슬픔을 참는 것은 어려워요.
It is hard to hold back sadness.
기쁨은 짧고 슬픔은 길어요.
Joy is short and sadness is long.
이것은 나의 선택임.
This is my choice.
그의 행동은 이해하기 어려움.
His behavior is hard to understand.
성공은 노력의 결실임.
Success is the fruit of effort.
그는 슬픔을 억누름.
He suppresses his sadness.
우리의 만남은 운명임.
Our meeting is destiny.
그의 죽음은 모두에게 충격이었음.
His death was a shock to everyone.
그녀의 웃음은 슬픔을 감춤.
Her smile hides her sadness.
이 결정은 신중함이 필요함.
This decision requires caution.
그의 성격은 차분함 그 자체임.
His personality is calmness itself.
그의 고뇌는 삶의 깊이를 보여줌.
His agony shows the depth of life.
역사는 반복됨을 잊지 마라.
Do not forget that history repeats itself.
그의 침묵은 많은 것을 의미함.
His silence means many things.
진정한 자유는 책임짐에서 시작됨.
True freedom starts with taking responsibility.
Fácil de confundir
Both nominalize verbs.
Both turn verbs into nouns.
Both end sentences.
Errores comunes
먹기
먹음
꿈다
꿈
만들음
만듦
슬프음
슬픔
가음
감
먹음다
먹음
슬픔다
슬픔
공부하기임
공부함
믿음다
믿음
살음
삶
죽음하기
죽음
웃음이 있음
웃음
기쁨을 함
기쁨
만들음
만듦
Patrones de oraciones
나의 ___은/는 ___이다.
오늘 ___을/를 ___.
그의 ___은/는 ___이/가 아니다.
___은/는 ___의 결과이다.
Real World Usage
일기 씀.
알겠음.
결과임.
기분 좋음.
연구의 결론임.
주문 완료함.
Check the Stem
Don't Overuse
The 'ㄹ' Irregular
Texting Style
Smart Tips
Use -ㅁ/음 to keep your entries short and efficient.
Recognize it as a nominalized verb.
Use -ㅁ/음 instead of creating a new word.
Use -ㅁ/음 to sound cool and detached.
Pronunciación
Final Consonant
Ensure the final 'ㅁ' is clearly articulated.
Statement
슬픔. ↓
Finality and detachment.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Remember 'M' for 'Make' a noun. If it ends in a vowel, just add 'M'. If it's a consonant, add 'UM' to make it sound full.
Asociación visual
Imagine a giant 'M' stamp. You stamp it on a verb, and it turns into a solid block (a noun).
Rhyme
Vowel ends in M, consonant needs UM, now your verb is a noun, you're having fun!
Story
I had a dream (꿈). I ate (먹음) some food. I felt sadness (슬픔) and joy (기쁨). All these are nouns now.
Word Web
Desafío
Write a 3-line diary entry using only -ㅁ/음 endings.
Notas culturales
Used in formal writing and news headlines.
Used in texting to sound 'cool' or 'indifferent'.
Used to create poetic, abstract nouns.
Derived from Middle Korean nominalization suffixes.
Inicios de conversación
오늘 뭐 함?
너의 꿈은 뭐임?
슬픔을 어떻게 극복함?
성공의 정의가 뭐라 생각함?
Temas para diario
Errores comunes
Test Yourself
꿈을 ___.
먹다 -> ?
Find and fix the mistake:
만들음
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Eating is fun.
Answer starts with: b...
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
오늘 운동___.
그의 ___은/는 대단하다.
Score: /8
Ejercicios de practica
8 exercises꿈을 ___.
먹다 -> ?
Find and fix the mistake:
만들음
나의 / 꿈은 / 가수다
Eating is fun.
꾸다, 먹다, 슬프다
오늘 운동___.
그의 ___은/는 대단하다.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises그의 ___ 소리가 들려요.
Watched a movie. (Using nominalization)
필요해요 / 이 / 도움 / 당신의
도움이 필요해요.
Match these:
Headline: 'Temperatures Rise'
서로에 대한 ___이 중요해요.
Sleep is important.
슬픔 / 이라는 / 것
Feeling:
Score: /10
Preguntas frecuentes (8)
No, -ㅁ/음 is for abstract nouns, while -기 is for the process of doing something.
It is generally avoided in polite spoken Korean, but common in texting.
Drop the 'ㄹ' and add 'ㅁ'. For example, '만들다' becomes '만듦'.
It's a concise, modern way to end sentences in digital communication.
Yes, it turns adjectives into abstract nouns like 'sadness' (슬픔).
Confusing -ㅁ/음 with -기 or failing to handle irregular stems.
Only if you are reading a formal report or document.
Yes, -기 and -는 것 are also common nominalizers.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
-ung
German -ung is strictly for nouns; Korean -ㅁ/음 is also used for shorthand verb endings.
-tion
French -tion is purely morphological; Korean -ㅁ/음 has pragmatic uses in texting.
-ción
Spanish -ción does not have the diary-log usage of Korean -ㅁ/음.
こと (koto)
Japanese 'koto' is a separate word, whereas Korean -ㅁ/음 is a suffix attached to the stem.
Masdar
Arabic Masdar follows complex root patterns; Korean -ㅁ/음 is a simple suffix.
None
Chinese lacks a direct suffix equivalent to -ㅁ/음.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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