Nominalisation en coréen : Former des noms (ㅁ/음)
journal intime ou tes rapports.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Turn any verb or adjective into a noun by adding -ㅁ or -음 to the stem.
- Add -ㅁ to verb/adjective stems ending in a vowel (e.g., 꿈 from 꾸다).
- Add -음 to verb/adjective stems ending in a consonant (e.g., 먹음 from 먹다).
- Use these forms for diary entries, formal reports, or abstract concepts.
Overview
ㅁ ou un 음 solitaire suspendu au bas d'un mot.smoking de la grammaire coréenne.How This Grammar Works
웃다 (rire) et retirez le 다.웃.음 pour obtenir 웃음 (rire).finalité et d'achèvement.Formation Pattern
다).
ㅁ en bas.
음.
ㄹ, le ㄹ reste et vous ajoutez simplement ㅁ.
When To Use It
#먹음 (mangé/mangeant) dans une story Instagram de votre déjeuner.닫음 (Fermer/Fermé) ou 열음 (Ouvrir).공원에 감 dans un journal privé.그림 (dessin), 춤 (danse), 숨 (souffle).ㅁ/음 dans un SMS, c'est comme envoyer une convocation formelle à votre ami pour déjeuner.Common Mistakes
오늘 학교에 감 à un professeur, il sera très confus.ㄹ.살음. Ce doit être 삶.ㅂ.돕다 (aider) devient 도움 (aide).하다 ou 이다 si vous voulez une phrase complète.꿈을 꾸다 (faire un rêve) utilise la forme nominalisée et le verbe.Contrast With Similar Patterns
ㅁ/음vs-기:ㅁ/음concerne un état terminé ou une chose fixe.-기concerne le processus ou un projet futur.- Pensez à
기pourle fait de faire
et àㅁ/음pourla chose qui a été faite
. ㅁ/음vs-는 것:-는 것est le moyen le plus courant et le plus polyvalent de nominaliser.- Utilisez
-는 것pour parler en général. - Utilisez
ㅁ/음pour l'écriture de haut niveau ou une brièveté extrême.
Quick FAQ
R: Oui ! Utilisez 았/었 + 음. Exemple : 먹었음 (le fait d'avoir mangé).
R: Seulement dans votre CV ou portfolio écrit. Parlez avec 습니다 à la place !
읽음 à côté d'un message ?R: Cela signifie Lu. C'est la forme nominalisée de lire.
삶 (vie) est-il un mot courant ?R: Oui, c'est très poétique et utilisé tout le temps dans les paroles de chansons.
R: Absolument. 큼 (grandeur) ou 작음 (petitesse) fonctionnent parfaitement.
R: Cela peut sembler un peu sec ou brusque, alors utilisez-le avec précaution avec les sentiments des gens.
Nominalization Formation
| Verb/Adj Stem | Ending | Resulting Noun |
|---|---|---|
|
꿈(꾸다)
|
ㅁ
|
꿈
|
|
먹(먹다)
|
음
|
먹음
|
|
슬프(슬프다)
|
ㅁ
|
슬픔
|
|
기쁘(기쁘다)
|
ㅁ
|
기쁨
|
|
만들(만들다)
|
ㅁ
|
만듦
|
|
믿(믿다)
|
음
|
믿음
|
Meanings
This grammar turns verbs and adjectives into nouns, allowing them to act as subjects, objects, or topics in a sentence.
Abstract Noun
Creating a noun from a verb to describe the action itself.
“{믿음|信}이 중요하다.”
“{슬픔|悲}을 참았다.”
Diary/Memo Style
Used in written notes where the verb ending is replaced by -ㅁ/음 for brevity.
“오늘 {공부함|勉強}.”
“{운동함|運動}.”
Reference Table
| Type de radical | Suffixe | Exemple | Signification |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Voyelle (자다)
|
ㅁ
|
잠
|
Sommeil
|
|
Consonne (믿다)
|
음
|
믿음
|
Confiance / Foi
|
|
Batchim ㄹ (살다)
|
ㅁ
|
삶
|
Vie
|
|
Passé (가다)
|
았/었음
|
갔음
|
Est allé (Fait)
|
|
ㅂ Irrégulier (돕다)
|
우 + ㅁ
|
도움
|
Aide
|
|
Adjectif (슬프다)
|
ㅁ
|
슬픔
|
Tristesse
|
Spectre de formalité
점심을 먹었습니다. (Daily log)
점심을 먹었어요. (Daily log)
점심 먹음. (Daily log)
점심 컷. (Daily log)
Contextes d'utilisation de ㅁ/음
Réseaux Sociaux
- 먹음 Mangé
- 감 Allé
Docs Officiels
- 확인함 Confirmé
- 알림 Avis
ㅁ/음 vs -기
Comment former ㅁ/음
Le radical finit par une voyelle ?
Finit par ㄹ ?
Autre consonne ?
Noms figés courants
Actions quotidiennes
- • 잠 (Sommeil)
- • 꿈 (Rêve)
- • 춤 (Danse)
Émotions
- • 기쁨 (Joie)
- • 슬픔 (Tristesse)
- • 아픔 (Douleur)
Exemples par niveau
나의 꿈은 가수다.
My dream is to be a singer.
믿음이 필요해요.
I need faith.
슬픔이 없어요.
There is no sadness.
기쁨을 나눠요.
Share the joy.
오늘 운동함.
Worked out today.
점심 먹음.
Ate lunch.
공부함.
Studied.
잠을 잠.
I sleep.
그의 말은 믿음이 안 가요.
His words are not believable.
슬픔을 참는 것은 어려워요.
It is hard to hold back sadness.
기쁨은 짧고 슬픔은 길어요.
Joy is short and sadness is long.
이것은 나의 선택임.
This is my choice.
그의 행동은 이해하기 어려움.
His behavior is hard to understand.
성공은 노력의 결실임.
Success is the fruit of effort.
그는 슬픔을 억누름.
He suppresses his sadness.
우리의 만남은 운명임.
Our meeting is destiny.
그의 죽음은 모두에게 충격이었음.
His death was a shock to everyone.
그녀의 웃음은 슬픔을 감춤.
Her smile hides her sadness.
이 결정은 신중함이 필요함.
This decision requires caution.
그의 성격은 차분함 그 자체임.
His personality is calmness itself.
그의 고뇌는 삶의 깊이를 보여줌.
His agony shows the depth of life.
역사는 반복됨을 잊지 마라.
Do not forget that history repeats itself.
그의 침묵은 많은 것을 의미함.
His silence means many things.
진정한 자유는 책임짐에서 시작됨.
True freedom starts with taking responsibility.
Facile à confondre
Both nominalize verbs.
Both turn verbs into nouns.
Both end sentences.
Erreurs courantes
먹기
먹음
꿈다
꿈
만들음
만듦
슬프음
슬픔
가음
감
먹음다
먹음
슬픔다
슬픔
공부하기임
공부함
믿음다
믿음
살음
삶
죽음하기
죽음
웃음이 있음
웃음
기쁨을 함
기쁨
만들음
만듦
Structures de phrases
나의 ___은/는 ___이다.
오늘 ___을/를 ___.
그의 ___은/는 ___이/가 아니다.
___은/는 ___의 결과이다.
Real World Usage
일기 씀.
알겠음.
결과임.
기분 좋음.
연구의 결론임.
주문 완료함.
Le raccourci du journal
À éviter à l'oral
Style Réseaux Sociaux
Smart Tips
Use -ㅁ/음 to keep your entries short and efficient.
Recognize it as a nominalized verb.
Use -ㅁ/음 instead of creating a new word.
Use -ㅁ/음 to sound cool and detached.
Prononciation
Final Consonant
Ensure the final 'ㅁ' is clearly articulated.
Statement
슬픔. ↓
Finality and detachment.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Remember 'M' for 'Make' a noun. If it ends in a vowel, just add 'M'. If it's a consonant, add 'UM' to make it sound full.
Association visuelle
Imagine a giant 'M' stamp. You stamp it on a verb, and it turns into a solid block (a noun).
Rhyme
Vowel ends in M, consonant needs UM, now your verb is a noun, you're having fun!
Story
I had a dream (꿈). I ate (먹음) some food. I felt sadness (슬픔) and joy (기쁨). All these are nouns now.
Word Web
Défi
Write a 3-line diary entry using only -ㅁ/음 endings.
Notes culturelles
Used in formal writing and news headlines.
Used in texting to sound 'cool' or 'indifferent'.
Used to create poetic, abstract nouns.
Derived from Middle Korean nominalization suffixes.
Amorces de conversation
오늘 뭐 함?
너의 꿈은 뭐임?
슬픔을 어떻게 극복함?
성공의 정의가 뭐라 생각함?
Sujets d'écriture
Erreurs courantes
Test Yourself
어젯밤에 좋은 ___을 꾸었어요. (자다/꿈)
Choisis la bonne forme pour 'la vie' :
Find and fix the mistake:
오늘 친구를 만나다.
Score: /3
Exercices pratiques
8 exercises꿈을 ___.
먹다 -> ?
Find and fix the mistake:
만들음
나의 / 꿈은 / 가수다
Eating is fun.
꾸다, 먹다, 슬프다
오늘 운동___.
그의 ___은/는 대단하다.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises그의 ___ 소리가 들려요.
Regardé un film. (Style journal)
필요해요 / 이 / 도움 / 당신의
도움이 필요해요.
Associe :
Titre : 'Hausse des températures'
서로에 대한 ___이 중요해요.
Le sommeil est important.
슬픔 / 이라는 / 것
Sensation / Sentiment :
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
No, -ㅁ/음 is for abstract nouns, while -기 is for the process of doing something.
It is generally avoided in polite spoken Korean, but common in texting.
Drop the 'ㄹ' and add 'ㅁ'. For example, '만들다' becomes '만듦'.
It's a concise, modern way to end sentences in digital communication.
Yes, it turns adjectives into abstract nouns like 'sadness' (슬픔).
Confusing -ㅁ/음 with -기 or failing to handle irregular stems.
Only if you are reading a formal report or document.
Yes, -기 and -는 것 are also common nominalizers.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
-ung
German -ung is strictly for nouns; Korean -ㅁ/음 is also used for shorthand verb endings.
-tion
French -tion is purely morphological; Korean -ㅁ/음 has pragmatic uses in texting.
-ción
Spanish -ción does not have the diary-log usage of Korean -ㅁ/음.
こと (koto)
Japanese 'koto' is a separate word, whereas Korean -ㅁ/음 is a suffix attached to the stem.
Masdar
Arabic Masdar follows complex root patterns; Korean -ㅁ/음 is a simple suffix.
None
Chinese lacks a direct suffix equivalent to -ㅁ/음.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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