بیمار بودن en 30 segundos
- Formal Persian verb phrase for 'to be sick'.
- Consists of 'bimār' (sick) and 'budan' (to be).
- Used in medical, professional, and literary contexts.
- Synonymous with 'mariz budan' but more formal.
The Persian verb phrase بیمار بودن (pronounced 'bimār budan') is the foundational way to express the state of being unwell, sick, or suffering from an illness in the Persian language. It is a compound verb consisting of the adjective 'بیمار' (sick/ill) and the auxiliary verb 'بودن' (to be). While it is universally understood, it carries a slightly more formal or literary weight compared to its common synonym 'مریض بودن' (mariz budan), which is more frequent in daily spoken conversation. Understanding this distinction is crucial for learners aiming for a natural grasp of Persian registers.
- Literal Meaning
- To be a person who is not healthy.
- Grammatical Structure
- Adjective (بیمار) + Copula/Auxiliary (بودن).
- Register
- Formal, Medical, Literary, and Standard Written Persian.
او به دلیل بیمار بودن نتوانست در جلسه شرکت کند.
In a broader sense, 'بیمار بودن' covers everything from a minor cold to chronic conditions. However, in modern Iran, if you are calling your boss to say you can't come to work, you might use 'بیمار هستم' in a formal email, but 'مریضم' (I'm sick) in a quick text message. The word 'بیمار' itself has deep roots in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) as 'vīmār', showing its long-standing history in the Iranian linguistic landscape.
The concept of 'being sick' in Persian culture often involves a high degree of social empathy. When someone says they are 'بیمار', it is customary for the listener to respond with phrases like 'انشاءالله زودتر خوب شوید' (God willing, you get better soon) or 'سلامت باشید' (Be healthy). This verb phrase is not just a medical statement but a social cue for support.
پدرم مدتی است که بیمار است و نیاز به استراحت دارد.
- Synonym Comparison
- بیمار (Formal) vs. مریض (Common) vs. ناخوش (Slightly unwell).
Using بیمار بودن requires a basic understanding of Persian verb conjugation for the verb 'بودن' (to be). Since 'بیمار' is an adjective, it remains static while the verb 'بودن' changes based on the subject and tense. This is one of the first compound structures a student learns at the A2 level because it allows for the expression of physical states.
Present Tense Conjugation
In the present tense, we usually use the short forms of 'to be':
- من بیمارم (man bimāram) - I am sick
- تو بیماری (to bimāri) - You are sick
- او بیمار است (u bimār ast) - He/She is sick
- ما بیماریم (mā bimārim) - We are sick
- شما بیمارید (shomā bimārid) - You (plural/formal) are sick
- آنها بیمارند (ānhā bimārand) - They are sick
آیا شما بیمار هستید؟
Past Tense Conjugation
To talk about a past state, use the past tense of 'بودن' (budan):
- من بیمار بودم (man bimār budam) - I was sick
- تو بیمار بودی (to bimār budi) - You were sick
- او بیمار بود (u bimār bud) - He/She was sick
When using this in a sentence, it often pairs with reasons or durations. For example, 'به خاطر سرماخوردگی بیمار هستم' (I am sick because of a cold). It can also be used in the subjunctive mood for wishes or possibilities: 'ممکن است بیمار باشد' (He/She might be sick).
- Common Prepositions
- 'از' (from) is sometimes used to indicate the cause: بیمار از درد (Sick from pain).
The phrase بیمار بودن is ubiquitous in specific environments. While 'مریض' dominates the kitchen table, 'بیمار' dominates the professional world. You will encounter it most frequently in the following contexts:
1. Medical Settings
In hospitals (بیمارستان - bimārestān), doctors and nurses will use this term. A patient is called a 'بیمار'. When discussing a patient's status, a doctor might say: 'بیمار در وضعیت پایداری است' (The patient is in a stable condition).
در این بخش، افرادی که بیمار هستند بستری میشوند.
2. News and Media
News reports regarding public health, epidemics, or the health of public figures will exclusively use 'بیمار بودن'. For example, 'رئیسجمهور به دلیل بیمار بودن در مراسم حضور نیافت' (The president did not attend the ceremony due to being ill).
3. Literature and Poetry
Classical Persian poetry often uses 'بیمار' metaphorically. A 'بیمارِ عشق' (sick with love) is a common trope. Here, 'بیمار بودن' represents a state of longing or spiritual suffering rather than a physical virus.
- TV Shows
- In medical dramas, you will hear 'بیمار' every few minutes.
- Formal Letters
- Always use 'بیمار بودن' when writing to an authority figure.
Even though بیمار بودن is straightforward, learners often make specific errors regarding register, word choice, and grammar.
1. Register Mismatch
The most common mistake is using 'بیمار بودن' in a very casual setting, like telling a close friend you have a headache. While not 'wrong', it sounds overly stiff. Use 'مریضم' (marizam) instead. Conversely, using 'مریض بودن' in a formal medical report is seen as unprofessional.
Mistake: من بیمارم، نمیتونم بیام بیرون (Too formal for a friend).
2. Confusing Noun and Adjective
Learners often confuse 'بیمار' (the adjective/person) with 'بیماری' (the noun 'illness'). You cannot say 'من بیماری هستم' (I am an illness). You must say 'من بیمار هستم' (I am sick) or 'من بیماری دارم' (I have an illness).
3. Incorrect Verb Pairing
Sometimes learners try to use 'بیمار شدن' (to become sick) and 'بیمار بودن' (to be sick) interchangeably. 'بیمار بودن' describes a state, while 'بیمار شدن' describes the transition into that state.
- Wrong
- دیروز بیمار بودم (I became sick yesterday - if you mean the start of the illness).
- Right
- دیروز بیمار شدم (I got sick yesterday).
Persian has several ways to describe being unwell, each with a specific nuance. Understanding these will make your Persian sound much more sophisticated.
- مریض بودن (Mariz Budan)
- The most common, everyday synonym. Derived from Arabic, it is used in 90% of spoken conversations.
- ناخوش بودن (Nākhosh Budan)
- Literally 'not well'. It is a polite, slightly old-fashioned way to say someone is under the weather. It is less severe than 'بیمار'.
- کسالت داشتن (Kesālat Dāshtan)
- A very formal and polite way to say one is feeling unwell or fatigued. Often used in administrative contexts or by older generations.
- بدحال بودن (Bad-hāl Budan)
- Literally 'to be in a bad state'. Used when someone is severely ill or in critical condition.
او کمی ناخوش است و امروز به مدرسه نمیرود.
In summary, while 'بیمار بودن' is the standard dictionary term, your choice of synonym tells the listener a lot about the setting and your relationship with the person you are talking about.
How Formal Is It?
Nivel de dificultad
Gramática que debes saber
Present tense of 'budan'
Past tense of 'budan'
Subjunctive mood
Compound verbs
Adjective-noun agreement
Ejemplos por nivel
من بیمار هستم.
I am sick.
Simple present tense.
آیا تو بیمار هستی؟
Are you sick?
Question form.
او بیمار نیست.
He/She is not sick.
Negative form.
ما بیمار هستیم.
We are sick.
First person plural.
آنها بیمار هستند.
They are sick.
Third person plural.
امروز بیمارم.
I'm sick today.
Short form of 'hastam'.
برادرم بیمار است.
My brother is sick.
Subject-verb agreement.
گربه بیمار است.
The cat is sick.
Using 'sick' for animals.
دیروز بیمار بودم.
I was sick yesterday.
Simple past tense.
چرا بیمار بودی؟
Why were you sick?
Interrogative past.
او به دلیل سرماخوردگی بیمار بود.
He was sick due to a cold.
Using 'be dalil-e' (due to).
ما هفته پیش بیمار بودیم.
We were sick last week.
Past tense plural.
بیمار بودن سخت است.
Being sick is hard.
Gerund-like usage.
آیا شما بیمار بودید؟
Were you sick? (Formal)
Formal past.
دوستم بیمار بود و به مدرسه نیامد.
My friend was sick and didn't come to school.
Compound sentence.
من بیمار نبودم، فقط خسته بودم.
I wasn't sick, I was just tired.
Contrastive negation.
او سه روز است که بیمار است.
He has been sick for three days.
Present perfect context.
اگر بیمار باشی، باید استراحت کنی.
If you are sick, you must rest.
Conditional with subjunctive.
فکر میکنم او بیمار باشد.
I think he might be sick.
Subjunctive after 'think'.
بیمار بودن در سفر خیلی بد است.
Being sick during a trip is very bad.
Infinitive as subject.
او همیشه بیمار است.
He is always sick.
Adverb of frequency.
با وجود بیمار بودن، او کار کرد.
Despite being sick, he worked.
Using 'bā vojud-e' (despite).
امیدوارم بیمار نباشی.
I hope you are not sick.
Subjunctive negative.
او از بیمار بودن خسته شده است.
He is tired of being sick.
Prepositional phrase.
بسیاری از مردم در زمستان بیمار میشوند.
Many people get sick in winter.
Transition verb 'shodan'.
او به دلیل بیمار بودن از امتحان معاف شد.
He was exempted from the exam due to being ill.
Formal passive context.
بیمار بودن لزوماً به معنای ضعف نیست.
Being sick does not necessarily mean weakness.
Abstract subject.
او مدعی بود که بیمار است تا به جلسه نرود.
He claimed to be sick so as not to go to the meeting.
Reported speech/intent.
در صورت بیمار بودن، با پزشک تماس بگیرید.
In case of being sick, contact a doctor.
Formal conditional phrase.
او از اینکه بیمار بود، احساس گناه میکرد.
He felt guilty because he was sick.
Complex emotional context.
بیمار بودن او بر تمام خانواده تأثیر گذاشت.
His being sick affected the whole family.
Gerund as subject of a complex verb.
او ترجیح میدهد بیمار باشد تا اینکه با آنها روبرو شود.
He prefers being sick to facing them.
Preference construction.
بیمار بودن در این سنین میتواند خطرناک باشد.
Being ill at these ages can be dangerous.
Modal 'can' with infinitive.
او از نظر روانی بیمار است و نیاز به درمان دارد.
He is mentally ill and needs treatment.
Adverbial qualification.
بیمار بودنِ او، رازی بود که کسی نمیدانست.
His illness was a secret that no one knew.
Ezafe construction with gerund.
نویسنده در کتابش جامعه را بیمار توصیف میکند.
The author describes society as sick in his book.
Metaphorical usage.
او با وجود بیمار بودن، از آرمانهایش دست نکشید.
Despite being ill, he did not give up on his ideals.
High-register concessive clause.
بیمار بودنِ طولانیمدت میتواند منجر به افسردگی شود.
Long-term illness can lead to depression.
Causal link in formal Persian.
پزشکان از بیمار بودنِ او قطع امید کرده بودند.
Doctors had lost hope regarding his illness.
Idiomatic 'lost hope'.
او تظاهر به بیمار بودن میکرد تا توجه جلب کند.
He was pretending to be sick to attract attention.
Compound verb 'tazāhor kardan'.
بیمار بودن در ساحتِ اندیشهی او، نوعی استعلا بود.
Being sick, in the realm of his thought, was a kind of transcendence.
Highly abstract/philosophical.
گویی کلِ جهان از فقدانِ عدالت بیمار است.
It is as if the whole world is sick from a lack of justice.
Poetic/Political metaphor.
او در بسترِ بیمار بودن، به کشف و شهود رسید.
On his sickbed, he reached a state of revelation.
Mystical/Sufi terminology.
بیمار بودنِ مزمن، ساختارهای روانی فرد را بازتعریف میکند.
Chronic illness redefines an individual's psychological structures.
Scientific/Academic register.
او از بیمار بودن به مثابهی ابزاری برای فرار از مسئولیت بهره میجست.
He utilized being sick as a tool to escape responsibility.
Archaic/Literary verb usage.
در ادبیات کلاسیک، چشمِ بیمار نمادی از فریبندگی است.
In classical literature, the 'sick eye' is a symbol of allure.
Literary analysis.
بیمار بودنِ او فراتر از یک عارضهی جسمی، یک بحرانِ وجودی بود.
His being sick was an existential crisis beyond a physical ailment.
Existentialist vocabulary.
جامعهای که در آن نقد نباشد، بیمار است.
A society in which there is no criticism is sick.
Sociopolitical commentary.
Colocaciones comunes
Frases Comunes
Se confunde a menudo con
Modismos y expresiones
Fácil de confundir
Patrones de oraciones
Cómo usarlo
Use 'nistam' for 'I am not'.
Bimar is formal; Mariz is informal.
- Using 'bimari' (noun) instead of 'bimar' (adjective).
- Using 'bimar' in a very casual text to a sibling.
- Forgetting to conjugate 'budan' in the past tense.
- Confusing 'bimar' (sick) with 'bidar' (awake).
- Using 'bimar' for 'tired' (use 'khaste' instead).
Consejos
Root Word
Learn 'Bimarestan' (Hospital) alongside 'Bimar' to remember both.
Short Forms
In speech, 'Bimār ast' becomes 'Bimāre'.
Politeness
Always follow up a mention of being sick with a wish for health.
Intonation
Stress the 'mār' syllable in 'bimār'.
Formal Letters
Always use 'بیمار' in medical leave requests.
Context Clues
If you hear 'bimār', expect medical or formal topics.
Association
Associate 'Bimar' with 'Bed' (where sick people stay).
Metaphors
Don't be surprised to hear 'sick' used for societies or ideas.
Subjunctive
Use 'basham' after 'momken ast' (it is possible).
Synonyms
Keep 'mariz' for friends and 'bimar' for doctors.
Memorízalo
Origen de la palabra
Middle Persian (Pahlavi)
Contexto cultural
A 'sick heart' in poetry means a heart in love.
Praying for the sick is common.
Always bring a small gift when visiting a sick person.
Practica en la vida real
Contextos reales
Inicios de conversación
"شنیدم بیمار بودی، الان بهتری؟"
"اگر بیمار باشی، چه کار میکنی؟"
"آیا کسی در خانوادهتان بیمار است؟"
"آخرین باری که بیمار بودی کی بود؟"
"برای اینکه بیمار نشویم چه باید کرد؟"
Temas para diario
Write about a time you were very sick.
Describe how you feel when you are sick.
What is the best food to eat when you are sick?
How does being sick change your daily routine?
Write a letter to a friend who is sick.
Preguntas frecuentes
10 preguntasYes, they mean the same thing, but 'بیمار بودن' is more formal and used in writing or medical contexts.
You use the verb 'shodan' (to become): 'Dāram bimār mishavam'.
Yes, you can say 'بیمارِ روانی' (mentally ill).
The opposite is 'سالم بودن' (to be healthy) or 'سلامت بودن'.
It can be both. As an adjective it means 'sick', and as a noun it means 'a patient'.
Bimār budam, bimār budi, bimār bud, etc.
Yes, you can say 'Sag-am bimār ast' (My dog is sick).
It is a poetic term meaning someone who is suffering because they are in love.
Man bimār nistam.
Use 'ناخوش' when someone is just slightly unwell or to be very polite.
Ponte a prueba 180 preguntas
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Use 'بیمار بودن' when you want to sound professional, formal, or when writing. It is the standard term in healthcare and literature, distinguishing it from the more colloquial 'مریض بودن'.
- Formal Persian verb phrase for 'to be sick'.
- Consists of 'bimār' (sick) and 'budan' (to be).
- Used in medical, professional, and literary contexts.
- Synonymous with 'mariz budan' but more formal.
Root Word
Learn 'Bimarestan' (Hospital) alongside 'Bimar' to remember both.
Short Forms
In speech, 'Bimār ast' becomes 'Bimāre'.
Politeness
Always follow up a mention of being sick with a wish for health.
Intonation
Stress the 'mār' syllable in 'bimār'.
Contenido relacionado
Más palabras de health
عارضه
B1Una complicación médica o efecto secundario.
اعصاب
B1Fibras o haces de fibras que transmiten impulsos de sensación y movimiento. (Los nervos son esenciales para que tu cuerpo pueda sentir y moverse.)
عضلات
A2Tejidos del cuerpo que pueden contraerse para producir movimiento. Los músculos son necesarios para el ejercicio.
عضله
A2Músculo: El tejido del cuerpo que permite el movimiento. El músculo cardíaco es vital. Hay que tener cuidado con los músculos durante el ejercicio intenso.
عفونت
A2La invasión de los tejidos de un organismo por agentes causantes de enfermedades. 'Tiene una infección en la garganta.'
علائم
A2¿Cuáles son los síntomas del virus? (What are the symptoms of the virus?)
عمل
A1Un procedimiento quirúrgico; una operación. 'Tengo una cirugía mañana' se dice 'من فردا عمل دارم'.
عمل جراحی
A2Una operación quirúrgica. El paciente necesita una cirugía de emergencia.
عموماً
B1Generalmente; por lo general.
عمیقاً
B1Estoy profundamente (amighan) conmovido por tu historia. (I am deeply moved by your story.)
