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A1 noun 9 min de lectura

دسته

dasteh
Ejemplos دسته en 30 segundos
Explicación دسته in your Level:
At the A1 level, you will learn 'دسته' (dasteh) in its most physical and concrete forms. The most important use for beginners is 'دسته گل' (daste-ye gol), which means a bunch of flowers. This is a common phrase you might use when buying a gift. You will also learn it as a word for 'handle' or 'arm' of an object. For example, 'دسته صندلی' (daste-ye sandali) is the arm of a chair. At this stage, think of 'دسته' as a way to describe things that are gathered together in your hand or something you hold with your hand. You don't need to worry about complex classifications yet; just focus on physical objects like bunches of herbs, bunches of keys, and handles on bags or doors. It is a very helpful noun for describing everyday items in your house or at the market. You should also recognize the sound 'e' at the end of 'daste', which is a silent letter, and how it links to other words using the 'ye' sound (Ezāfe). For example, in 'daste-ye man' (my group/handle), the 'ye' connects the two words. This is a fundamental building block of Persian grammar that you will practice often with this word.
As an A2 learner, you will expand your use of 'دسته' to include basic groupings of people and more specific objects. You will start hearing it in the context of 'دسته چک' (checkbook) or 'دسته کلید' (keyring). You will also use it to describe groups of people in a simple way, like 'یک دسته از دانشجویان' (a group of students). At this level, you should also be comfortable with the plural form 'دسته‌ها' (daste-hā) and the reduplicated form 'دسته دسته' (daste daste), which means 'in groups.' For instance, you might describe people entering a park 'دسته دسته.' You are also likely to encounter the word in sports, specifically 'دسته اول' (First Division) or 'دسته دوم' (Second Division). This is very common in news reports or daily conversations about football. You are moving from just seeing 'dasteh' as a 'handle' to seeing it as a way to organize things and people into simple, manageable sets. You should also start noticing the compound verb 'دسته‌بندی کردن' (to categorize), which is very useful for talking about how you organize your books, clothes, or files.
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At the B1 level, 'دسته' becomes a tool for more abstract organization and categorization. You will use it to discuss how information is sorted or how different items belong to specific 'categories.' For example, in a discussion about technology, you might say 'این گوشی در دسته گوشی‌های ارزان‌قیمت است' (This phone is in the category of cheap phones). You will also encounter the word in more formal or traditional settings, such as 'دسته جات' (daste-jāt), which refers to organized groups in religious or social processions. This level requires you to understand the nuance between 'دسته' and 'گروه' (goruh). While 'goruh' is a general group, 'dasteh' often implies a specific branch or a sub-unit within a larger system. You will also start using it in more idiomatic expressions, such as 'دسته گل به آب دادن' (to make a blunder). Your understanding of the word will shift from purely physical to a mix of physical, social, and logical groupings. You should be able to explain the 'category' of a book, a movie, or a type of food using this word with confidence.
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At the B2 level, you will use 'دسته' in more complex social and political contexts. It can refer to 'factions' or 'cliques' within a larger organization. You will hear it in news broadcasts discussing 'دسته‌های سیاسی' (political factions) or 'دسته‌های مذهبی' (religious groups). Your grasp of the word should now include its use in scientific classification, such as 'دسته بندی جانوران' (classification of animals). At this stage, you should be able to use 'دسته' as a precise term in debates or essays to distinguish between various types of things. You will also become more familiar with the word's role in military or administrative hierarchies, where it refers to a specific section or squad. The word's versatility in both formal and informal registers becomes clearer. You might use it informally to talk about a 'clique' of friends and formally to discuss 'taxonomical categories.' You will also be expected to understand more advanced idioms and literary uses where 'دسته' might symbolize unity or a specific branch of a family or lineage.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'دسته' should reflect a deep understanding of its semantic nuances in academic and literary Persian. You will use it in technical discussions regarding 'logic' and 'classification systems' (دسته‌بندی‌های منطقی). You will explore how the word is used in classical and modern literature to describe groups of people or objects with poetic flair. At this level, you should be able to discuss the etymology of the word, linking it to 'دست' (hand) and explaining how this origin influences its various meanings. You will also encounter 'دسته' in legal and administrative documents where it defines specific 'classes' of citizens, goods, or services. Your ability to distinguish 'دسته' from synonyms like 'صنف' (guild), 'رده' (rank), and 'سنخ' (type/genus) must be sharp. You should be able to write an essay on social structures or scientific methods using 'دسته' and its derivatives (like 'دسته‌بندی') with the precision of a native speaker. You will also understand the subtle differences in tone when using the Arabic plural 'دسته جات' versus the Persian plural 'دسته‌ها' in different writing styles.
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At the C2 level, you have mastered 'دسته' as both a functional tool and a rhetorical device. You can use the word to navigate the most complex linguistic environments, from philosophical treatises on 'categorization' to high-level political analysis of 'factionalism.' You understand the historical evolution of the word and its role in the development of the Persian language's organizational vocabulary. You can appreciate and use the word in its most subtle literary forms, where it might be used to create specific imagery or rhythm in poetry. Your command of idioms involving 'دسته' is complete, and you can even use them ironically or in creative wordplay. You are capable of discussing the sociological implications of 'دسته‌بندی‌های اجتماعی' (social classifications) with academic rigor. In professional settings, you use 'دسته' to define complex data structures or organizational charts with ease. At this pinnacle of learning, the word is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a versatile instrument in your linguistic repertoire that you can wield with absolute precision, nuance, and cultural awareness.
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Ejemplos

دسته en 30 segundos

  • Dasteh means group, category, or handle.
  • It is derived from the word 'dast' (hand).
  • Commonly used for bunches of flowers and checkbooks.
  • It is also the word for sports divisions and game controllers.

The Persian word دسته (dasteh) is a multi-faceted noun that primarily translates to 'group,' 'set,' 'category,' or 'handle.' Its semantic range is fascinating because it bridges the gap between physical objects you can hold and abstract concepts used to organize information. At its core, the word is derived from دست (dast), meaning 'hand.' This etymological root provides the perfect mnemonic: a dasteh is either something you hold with your hand (like a handle) or a quantity of items that could conceptually be gathered or managed by hand (like a bunch of flowers or a small group of people).

Physical Objects (Handles)
When referring to tools, furniture, or doors, دسته refers to the part designed to be gripped. For example, the handle of a knife, the arm of a chair, or the crank of a machine are all called دسته. This usage is extremely common in daily life and technical manuals.
Collective Noun (Bunches and Sets)
In a more botanical or organizational sense, it serves as a counter or a collective noun. You will hear it used for a bunch of flowers (دسته گل), a deck of cards (دسته ورق), or a bundle of banknotes. It implies a deliberate gathering of similar items into a single unit.
Classification (Categories)
In academic, scientific, or bureaucratic contexts, دسته means a 'category' or 'class.' When you are sorting data or classifying animals into groups, you are placing them into different دسته. This is often seen in the compound verb دسته‌بندی کردن (to categorize).

من یک دسته کلید روی میز پیدا کردم.

— I found a bunch (ring) of keys on the table.

In social contexts, دسته can refer to a squad, a team, or a faction. While گروه (goruh) is a more general word for 'group,' دسته often carries a connotation of a sub-division or a specific functional unit. For instance, in military terminology, it can refer to a 'section' or 'platoon.' In religious processions, especially during Muharram, the organized groups of mourners are famously called دسته.

این صندلی دسته ندارد.

— This chair does not have an arm/handle.

Understanding دسته requires recognizing whether the speaker is discussing physical proximity (items bundled together) or conceptual proximity (items belonging to the same logical class). Whether you are at a flower shop, a hardware store, or a computer science lecture, this word will be an essential part of your vocabulary. Its versatility makes it one of the most hardworking nouns in the Persian language, appearing in both the most mundane daily tasks and the most complex scientific theories.

Using دسته correctly in a sentence involves mastering the Ezāfe construction, which connects the noun to its modifier or the items it contains. Because دسته ends in a 'silent he' (h-e do-cheshm), the Ezāfe is often represented by a small 'ye' (ی) sound at the end, pronounced 'daste-ye'. This is the most crucial grammatical point for English speakers to grasp.

As a Quantifier (The 'Bunch of' Pattern)
To say 'a bunch of' or 'a group of,' use the pattern: [دسته] + [Ezāfe] + [Noun].
Example: دسته گل (daste-ye gol) - a bunch of flowers. Note how the two words are linked to form a single conceptual unit.
As a Categorical Noun
When classifying, you might say: این کتاب‌ها در این دسته قرار می‌گیرند (These books are placed in this category). Here, دسته acts as a container for an abstract idea.

او یک دسته چک جدید گرفت.

— He got a new checkbook (literally: a bunch/set of checks).

Another important usage is the reduplication دسته دسته (daste daste), which means 'in groups' or 'in droves.' This is used to describe the manner in which people or things move or exist. For example, مردم دسته دسته به ورزشگاه آمدند (People came to the stadium in groups). This adds a descriptive, adverbial quality to the sentence.

باید این اطلاعات را به چند دسته تقسیم کنیم.

— We must divide this information into several categories.

In formal writing, you might encounter the word in the context of دسته‌بندی (classification). This is a compound noun formed by adding the suffix -bandi. It is used extensively in science, library management, and data organization. For instance, دسته‌بندی جانوران refers to the classification of animals. Understanding these variations allows you to transition from basic everyday speech to professional and academic Persian with ease.

You will encounter دسته in a surprisingly wide array of environments, from the chaotic aisles of a Tehran bazaar to the quiet corridors of a university. It is a word that adapts perfectly to its surroundings. In a domestic setting, you'll hear it every time someone mentions a broken tool or a piece of furniture: دسته درب خراب شده است (The door handle is broken). It is the standard word for handles on pots, pans, bags, and umbrellas.

At the Flower Shop or Market
This is perhaps the most pleasant place to use the word. You don't buy flowers individually usually; you buy a دسته گل. Similarly, herbs like parsley or coriander are sold in دسته (bunches). You might ask the vendor, این دسته چند است؟ (How much is this bunch?)
In Sports and Gaming
In the world of football (soccer), which is huge in Iran, دسته refers to the league division. دسته اول is the First Division. In video gaming, the controller itself is often referred to as دسته بازی (game handle/controller).

تیم ما به دسته دوم سقوط کرد.

— Our team was relegated to the second division.

In religious and cultural ceremonies, دسته takes on a more solemn tone. During the month of Muharram, you will see دسته جات عزاداری (mourning groups) parading through the streets. These are highly organized groups, often associated with a specific neighborhood or mosque, performing rhythmic rituals. Hearing someone say دسته آمد (the group has arrived) in this context signals the start of a significant communal event.

لطفاً دسته بازی را به من بده.

— Please give me the game controller.

Finally, in the banking sector, the term دسته چک (checkbook) is ubiquitous. Even as digital banking grows, the physical checkbook remains a symbol of formal transactions in Iran. Whether you are fixing a suitcase handle, buying parsley, watching a religious procession, or discussing sports rankings, دسته is the linguistic thread that connects these diverse experiences.

While دسته is a versatile word, English speakers often stumble when choosing between it and other words for 'group' or 'handle.' The most common error is the over-generalization of دسته to mean any kind of group, whereas Persian has specific words for different types of gatherings.

Dasteh vs. Goruh (گروه)
This is the most frequent point of confusion. While both mean 'group,' Goruh is more general and used for people with a common purpose (like a music group or a study group). Dasteh often implies a sub-division or a physical bunch. You wouldn't usually call a rock band a دسته; they are a گروه. Conversely, you wouldn't call a bunch of flowers a گروه; they are a دسته.
Confusion with 'Dast' (دست)
Because دسته is derived from دست, learners sometimes use them interchangeably in idioms. For example, 'to lose' something is از دست دادن. Using از دسته دادن would be incorrect and sound like you lost a handle or a category, not the object itself.

Incorrect: من یک گروه گل خریدم.

Correct: من یک دسته گل خریدم.

— You buy a bunch (dasteh) of flowers, not a group (goruh) of flowers.

Another mistake involves the word for 'handle.' For very specific items like a door knob, the word دستگیره (dastgireh) is often more precise than دسته. While people will understand you if you say دسته درب, دستگیره درب is the standard term. دسته is better for long handles like those on a broom or a suitcase arm.

Finally, be careful with the plural. While دسته‌ها is the standard plural, in certain contexts like religious groups, you will hear the Arabic-style plural دسته جات (daste-jāt). Using the wrong plural in a formal or religious context can make your Persian sound slightly unpolished. Pay attention to how native speakers use these variants in different settings to avoid sounding robotic or overly formal.

Persian is rich with words for 'group' and 'category,' and choosing the right one depends entirely on the context. While دسته is a great 'all-rounder,' knowing its alternatives will significantly elevate your fluency. Let's compare دسته with its closest cousins.

گروه (Goruh) - The General Group
Usage: Use Goruh for people working together or sharing an identity. A 'blood group' is گروه خونی. A 'working group' is گروه کاری. Unlike دسته, it doesn't usually refer to physical handles or bunches of herbs.
بخش (Bakhsh) - The Section or Part
Usage: Use Bakhsh when you are talking about a piece of a whole, like a department in a hospital or a section of a book. While دسته is a category, Bakhsh is a structural division.
طبقه (Tabaqe) - The Class or Floor
Usage: This refers to social classes or physical floors of a building. If you are talking about 'the working class,' you use طبقه, not دسته.

این گیاه در رده گیاهان سمی است.

— This plant is in the 'category/rank' (radeh) of toxic plants.

For more technical or hierarchical classification, you might use رده (radeh) or صنف (senf). Radeh is often used in biological or military ranking, while Senf refers to a guild or a specific trade group (like the guild of bakers). These words are more specific than دسته and show a higher level of vocabulary.

In summary, while دسته is incredibly useful, it is part of a larger family of organizational words. By learning when to use گروه for people, بخش for segments, and رده for ranks, you will avoid the common pitfalls of English speakers who try to make one Persian word do the work of five. Practice swapping دسته with these alternatives in your writing to see which one fits the 'vibe' of your sentence best.

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Ejemplos por nivel

1

من یک دسته گل خریدم.

I bought a bunch of flowers.

دسته گل (daste-ye gol) uses the Ezāfe to connect 'bunch' and 'flower'.

2

دسته این کیف کجاست؟

Where is the handle of this bag?

Here 'دسته' means a physical handle.

3

او یک دسته کلید دارد.

He has a bunch of keys.

دسته کلید (daste-ye kelid) is a common set phrase.

4

دسته صندلی شکسته است.

The arm of the chair is broken.

In furniture, 'دسته' refers to the armrest.

5

یک دسته سبزی بخر.

Buy a bunch of herbs.

'سبزی' (herbs) is often sold in 'دسته' (bunches).

6

دسته چاقو چوبی است.

The knife handle is wooden.

Used for the grip part of a tool.

7

آن دسته از بچه‌ها را ببین.

Look at that group of kids.

Used for a small, visible group of people.

8

دسته فنجان داغ است.

The cup handle is hot.

Refers to the handle of a mug or cup.

1

او دسته چک خود را گم کرد.

He lost his checkbook.

دسته چک (daste-ye chak) is the standard word for checkbook.

2

مردم دسته دسته به خیابان آمدند.

People came to the street in groups.

Reduplication 'دسته دسته' acts as an adverb meaning 'in groups'.

3

این تیم در دسته اول بازی می‌کند.

This team plays in the first division.

'دسته' refers to a sports league division.

4

لطفاً دسته بازی را به من بده.

Please give me the game controller.

'دسته بازی' is the common term for a game controller.

5

او در دسته دوم مسابقات قرار گرفت.

He was placed in the second group of the competitions.

Used for grouping participants in a contest.

6

این کتاب‌ها در یک دسته هستند.

These books are in one category.

Refers to a simple logical category.

7

دسته تبر بسیار بلند است.

The axe handle is very long.

Refers to the shaft or handle of a large tool.

8

او یک دسته اسکناس در جیب داشت.

He had a wad of banknotes in his pocket.

Used for a bundle or stack of paper currency.

1

ما باید این میوه‌ها را دسته‌بندی کنیم.

We must categorize/sort these fruits.

دسته‌بندی (daste-bandi) is the noun for 'categorization'.

2

این کالا در دسته محصولات گران قرار دارد.

This item is in the category of expensive products.

Used for commercial or logical classification.

3

دسته گل به آب دادی!

You made a big mistake! (Idiom)

A famous idiom meaning to make a blunder.

4

دسته جات عزاداری در حال حرکت هستند.

The mourning groups are moving.

دسته جات (daste-jāt) is the plural used for organized religious groups.

5

دسته جارو از چوب ساخته شده است.

The broom handle is made of wood.

Specific use for a long tool handle.

6

او به آن دسته از افراد اعتماد ندارد.

He does not trust that group of people.

Used to refer to a specific type or class of people.

7

دسته چمدان من در فرودگاه شکست.

My suitcase handle broke at the airport.

Refers to the extendable handle of a suitcase.

8

این کلمات در یک دسته قرار می‌گیرند.

These words fall into one category.

Commonly used in education and linguistics.

1

این دو دسته با هم اختلاف نظر دارند.

These two factions have a disagreement.

Used for political or social factions.

2

دسته‌بندی جانوران کار پیچیده‌ای است.

Categorizing animals is a complex task.

Refers to scientific taxonomy.

3

او از دسته نویسندگان مدرن است.

He belongs to the group of modern writers.

Classifying an individual within a professional or artistic movement.

4

دسته موتور باید تعویض شود.

The engine mount needs to be replaced.

In mechanics, it refers to a mount or support.

5

این موضوع را می‌توان به سه دسته تقسیم کرد.

This subject can be divided into three categories.

Used for structured analysis and presentation.

6

دسته عزاداری محله ما بسیار بزرگ است.

Our neighborhood's mourning group is very large.

Refers to a specific communal organization.

7

دسته عینک او طلایی است.

The temples (arms) of his glasses are golden.

The arms of glasses are called 'دسته'.

8

او به دسته مخالفان پیوست.

He joined the opposition group.

Used for political affiliation.

1

دسته‌بندی‌های منطقی در فلسفه اهمیت دارند.

Logical categorizations are important in philosophy.

Academic use for formal logic.

2

دسته فرمان ماشین‌های قدیمی سفت بود.

The steering wheel/column of old cars was stiff.

Sometimes used for steering mechanisms in older contexts.

3

او در دسته نخبگان علمی کشور قرار دارد.

He is among the country's scientific elite.

Refers to a high social or professional rank.

4

این فرضیه در دسته نظریات اثبات‌نشده است.

This hypothesis falls into the category of unproven theories.

Used for high-level intellectual classification.

5

دسته تبر به دست نجار ساخته شد.

The axe handle was crafted by the carpenter's hand.

Literary usage focusing on craftsmanship.

6

اختلافات بین دسته‌های مختلف بالا گرفت.

The conflicts between different factions escalated.

Formal reporting of social conflict.

7

این گیاه در دسته تیره گلسرخیان است.

This plant is in the Rosaceae family (category).

Technical use in biological taxonomy.

8

دسته کلیدهای او نمادی از قدرت بود.

His bunch of keys was a symbol of power.

Metaphorical use in literature.

1

نظام دسته‌بندی پدیدارشناختی او بسیار نوین بود.

His phenomenological categorization system was very innovative.

Highly academic use in philosophy.

2

دسته صندلی سلطنتی با طلا تزیین شده بود.

The arm of the royal throne was decorated with gold.

Descriptive use in historical or formal literature.

3

او میان دو دسته از افکار متضاد گرفتار شده بود.

He was caught between two sets of opposing thoughts.

Metaphorical use for abstract mental states.

4

دسته‌بندی‌های جنسیتی در جوامع مدرن در حال تغییر است.

Gender categorizations are changing in modern societies.

Sociological discourse.

5

دسته خنجر از عاج فیل تراشیده شده بود.

The dagger's hilt was carved from ivory.

Precise historical/archaeological description.

6

این اثر در دسته شاهکارهای ادبی جهان است.

This work is in the category of world literary masterpieces.

High-level literary criticism.

7

دسته تبر، چوب خود را قطع می‌کند.

The axe handle cuts its own wood. (Proverbial context)

Deep metaphorical/proverbial use.

8

تحلیل دسته‌بندی‌های آماری نشان‌دهنده رشد اقتصادی است.

Analysis of statistical categories indicates economic growth.

Technical/Economic register.

Colocaciones comunes

دسته گل
دسته چک
دسته کلید
دسته صندلی
دسته بازی
دسته اول
دسته تبر
دسته چاقو
دسته عزاداری
دسته سبزی

Frases Comunes

در این دسته

— In this category. Used when organizing items or ideas.

این کتاب در این دسته قرار می‌گیرد.

به چند دسته

— Into several groups. Used when dividing something.

ما دانش‌آموزان را به چند دسته تقسیم کردیم.

دسته دوم

— Second division or second-hand. Usually refers to sports or quality.

او یک ماشین دسته دوم خرید.

دسته جمعی

— Collective or as a group. Describes an action done together.

آن‌ها به صورت دسته جمعی دعا کردند.

یک دسته از

— A group of. A standard way to introduce a set of things.

یک دسته از پرندگان در آسمان بودند.

دسته به دسته

— Group by group. Describes sequential grouping.

مهمانان دسته به دسته وارد شدند.

دسته کیف

— Bag handle. The part you hold.

دسته کیف من پاره شده است.

دسته در

— Door handle. Though 'dastgireh' is more common.

دسته در را بچرخان.

دسته ورق

— Deck of cards. A complete set for playing.

یک دسته ورق جدید بخریم.

دسته اسکناس

— A wad of cash. Bundled paper money.

او یک دسته اسکناس به من داد.

Modismos y expresiones

"دسته گل به آب دادن"

— To make a big mistake or a blunder. Literally: to give a bunch of flowers to the water.

باز هم دسته گل به آب دادی؟

Informal
"دسته دسته"

— In large numbers or groups. Describes things arriving or leaving together.

مردم دسته دسته به تظاهرات آمدند.

Neutral
"دسته تبر خود بودن"

— To be the cause of one's own destruction. Based on the idea that the axe handle is made of wood.

او با این کار دسته تبر خودش شد.

Literary
"دسته بالایی"

— The upper hand or higher rank. Used in competitive contexts.

او همیشه می‌خواهد در دسته بالایی باشد.

Informal
"دسته بندی کردن"

— To categorize or sort. A very common functional phrase.

باید مدارک را دسته بندی کنیم.

Neutral
"از یک دسته بودن"

— To be of the same kind or 'cut from the same cloth'.

همه آن‌ها از یک دسته هستند.

Neutral
"دسته گل"

— Often used sarcastically to refer to someone who has done something wrong.

عجب دسته گلی به بار آوردی!

Informal
"دسته صندلی را چسبیدن"

— To hold on tight, usually out of fear or excitement.

در شهربازی دسته صندلی را محکم چسبیده بود.

Informal
"دسته چک کشیدن"

— To write a check. Implies financial activity.

او مدام دسته چک می‌کشد.

Neutral
"دسته انداختن"

— Sometimes used in slang to mean mocking or grouping someone in a negative way.

او را دسته انداختند.

Slang
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