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A2 noun #4,000 más común 8 min de lectura

کشمش

keshmish Top 4,000

Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos کشمش en 30 segundos

Explicación کشمش in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that کشمش (Kishmish) means 'raisin'. You should be able to use it in very simple sentences like 'I like raisins' (Man kishmish doost daram) or 'This is a raisin' (In kishmish ast). It is a useful word for basic grocery shopping or talking about your favorite snacks. You might also encounter it when learning about colors, as green raisins (kishmish-e sabz) are very popular. Focus on the pronunciation: 'Kish' (like the English city Kish) and 'mish' (rhymes with dish). Don't worry about the different types yet; just remember it as a sweet dried fruit that Iranians eat with tea.

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At the A2 level, you can start using کشمش in the context of quantities and simple descriptions. You should be able to ask for a specific amount at a store, such as Nim kilo kishmish lotfan (Half a kilo of raisins, please). You will also learn that raisins are often found in 'Ajeel' (mixed nuts). At this level, you should recognize the difference between kishmish-e sabz (green raisins for snacking) and kishmish-e siah (black raisins). You can also use it with basic verbs like khordan (to eat), kharidan (to buy), and dashtan (to have).

By B1, you should understand the cultural and culinary importance of کشمش. You will encounter it in recipes for traditional Persian dishes like Adas Polo (lentil rice) or Kishmish Polo (raisin rice). You should be familiar with the verb pak kardan (to clean/sort), as in kishmish-ha ra pak kon (clean the raisins/remove the stems). You might also start hearing simple idioms or metaphorical uses. You should also be able to describe the health benefits of raisins in simple terms, such as they have 'vitamin' and 'energy'.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using کشمش in more complex sentence structures, including conditional and passive voice. You will learn about the different drying processes, such as Sayeh-khoshk (shade-dried) versus Aftab-khoshk (sun-dried). You should be able to discuss the export market of raisins in Iran or compare the nutritional value of kishmish versus mowiz. You will also understand more nuanced idioms like Kishmish ham dom darad (even a raisin has a tail), which is used to discuss the imperfections in people or things.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of کشمش extends to its role in classical and modern Persian literature, where it might be used as a metaphor for something small, sweet, or humble. you should be able to follow a technical discussion about viticulture and the chemical changes that occur during the grape-to-raisin transformation. You can use the word in formal essays about Iranian agriculture or food history. You should also be aware of regional dialects and how they might refer to specific types of raisins differently.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of the word کشمش and its myriad associations. You can appreciate the subtle wordplay in Persian poetry that might involve raisins or grapes. You understand the complex economic impact of raisin production on rural Iranian provinces and can discuss international trade regulations regarding dried fruit exports. You are also familiar with the most obscure regional varieties and the historical etymology of the word as it branched out into other Indo-Iranian languages. You can use the word in any register, from street slang to academic discourse.

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Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

کشمش en 30 segundos

Kishmish means raisin in Persian.
It is a dried grape used in cooking and snacks.
Commonly paired with tea or rice dishes.
Comes in green, black, and red varieties.

The word کشمش (Kishmish) is the Persian term for a raisin, which is essentially a dried grape. In the Iranian culinary landscape, raisins are not merely a snack but a fundamental ingredient that bridges the gap between sweet and savory dishes. When you walk through a traditional bazaar in cities like Tabriz or Shiraz, you will see mounds of these dried fruits in various colors, ranging from the pale, translucent green ones (often eaten with nuts) to the deep, dark purple or black ones used in heavy stews or rice dishes. The versatility of kishmish is unparalleled in Persian culture, appearing in everything from the morning breakfast spread to the most formal wedding dinner.

Culinary Identity: In Persian cuisine, raisins are often sautéed in butter or oil to plump them up before they are added to rice dishes like Adas Polo (Lentil Rice). This process caramelizes the natural sugars, providing a burst of sweetness that complements the earthy lentils.

مادربزرگ همیشه در عدس‌پلو کشمش فراوان می‌ریزد. (Grandmother always puts plenty of raisins in the lentil rice.)

Beyond the kitchen, kishmish holds a special place in the Iranian tradition of Ajeel (a mix of dried fruits and nuts). It is almost always paired with Nokhodchi (roasted chickpeas). This combination, known as Nokhod-Kishmish, is a nostalgic snack for every Iranian child and a common offering at religious gatherings or casual tea times. The raisin provides the necessary moisture and sweetness to balance the dry, powdery texture of the roasted chickpeas.

Social Significance: Raisins are frequently served alongside tea (Chai) as a healthier alternative to refined sugar cubes (Ghand). This is particularly common among the elderly or health-conscious individuals who prefer natural fructose over processed sugars.

بسیاری از ایرانیان چای خود را با کشمش می‌خورند. (Many Iranians drink their tea with raisins.)

Historically, Iran has been one of the world's leading producers and exporters of raisins. The dry climate in regions like Malayer and Takestan is perfect for viticulture and the subsequent drying of grapes. Therefore, when you use the word kishmish, you are tapping into a deep economic and agricultural heritage that spans millennia. The word itself has even traveled beyond Persian borders, entering languages like Hindi, Urdu, and even influencing Russian terms for dried fruits.

Varieties: There are several types: Kishmish-e Polow-i (small, red/brown, used in cooking), Kishmish-e Sabz (long, green, for snacking), and Mowiz (large, black, seeded or seedless raisins from specific grape types).

من کشمش سبز را به کشمش سیاه ترجیح می‌دهم. (I prefer green raisins over black raisins.)

Using کشمش in a sentence is relatively straightforward because it functions as a standard countable or uncountable noun depending on the context. In most everyday situations, it is treated as a collective noun. For example, if you want to say 'I bought raisins,' you would say Man kishmish kharid-am. You don't necessarily need a plural marker unless you are referring to different types or specific quantities of raisins.

Subject Position: When the raisin is the subject, it usually starts the sentence. 'Raisins are healthy' becomes Kishmish baraye salamati mofid ast.

کشمش منبع خوبی از آهن است. (Raisins are a good source of iron.)

In recipes, you will often see it paired with verbs like pak kardan (to clean/sort), shostan (to wash), and talt dadan (to sauté). Because raisins often come with tiny stems, the phrase kishmish pak kardan is a common household chore. This involves removing the small 'tails' from the raisins before they are cooked.

Object Position: When acting as the direct object, it often takes the object marker 'ra' if it's specific. 'I ate the raisins' is Kishmish-ha ra khordam.

لطفاً قبل از استفاده، کشمش‌ها را تمیز کنید. (Please clean the raisins before use.)

Adjectives usually follow the noun in Persian using the Ezafe construction. If you want to describe the raisins, you would say kishmish-e shirin (sweet raisin) or kishmish-e taze (fresh raisin). In spoken Persian, the 'sh' sound at the end of kishmish is often pronounced clearly, and the word maintains its two-syllable rhythm.

Quantity and Measurement: Iranians usually buy raisins by weight. You might say Yek kilo kishmish (one kilo of raisins) or Yek peymane kishmish (one cup of raisins) for a recipe.

برای این کیک به دو پیمانه کشمش نیاز داریم. (We need two cups of raisins for this cake.)

If you are in an Iranian household, you will most likely hear کشمش during three specific times: tea time, meal preparation, or when someone is offering a snack. It is a word of hospitality. A host might say, Befarmaid kishmish (Please, have some raisins), while pointing to a small crystal bowl on the coffee table. In the bazaar, the word is shouted by vendors who are trying to attract customers to their dried fruit stalls, often highlighting the origin of the product, such as Kishmish-e Malayer! (Raisins from Malayer!).

In the Kitchen: Mothers and grandmothers are the primary users of this word in a domestic setting. You'll hear them instructing someone to 'pick the raisins' (kishmish pak kon), which is a common task given to children or younger family members during large meal preps.

برو از کابینت کمی کشمش بیار. (Go and bring some raisins from the cabinet.)

In the context of health and traditional medicine (Teb-e Sonnati), you will hear doctors or herbalists recommending kishmish or mowiz for boosting memory or treating anemia. They might say, Har rooz dah ta kishmish bokhor (Eat ten raisins every day). This medicinal association makes the word common in health-related discussions among the older generation.

In Literature and Idioms: While not a high-literary word like 'rose' or 'nightingale', raisins appear in folk wisdom. You might hear the idiom Kishmish ham dom darad, used to remind someone that even small things have flaws or that everyone has a background.

فکر نکن خیلی کاملی، کشمش هم با اون کوچیکی‌اش دم داره! (Don't think you're perfect; even a raisin, as small as it is, has a tail!)

One of the most common mistakes for English speakers learning Persian is confusing کشمش with the word for grape, which is Angoor. While they are the same fruit in different states, in Persian, they are never used interchangeably. You cannot call a fresh grape a 'wet raisin' or a raisin a 'dry grape' in casual conversation. Another common error is using the wrong type of raisin for a specific dish. For example, using the long green snacking raisins (kishmish-e sabz) in a savory rice dish would be considered a culinary faux pas; you should use the small red ones (kishmish-e polow-i).

Pronunciation Pitfall: Some learners pronounce the first 'i' too long, like 'Keesh-meesh'. In standard Persian, it is a short 'i' like in the English word 'fish'. It should be 'Kish-mish'.

اشتباه: من انگور خشک می‌خواهم. (Wrong: I want 'dry grapes' - use Kishmish instead.)

Pluralization is another area of confusion. In Persian, when you say 'I like raisins,' you use the singular form Man kishmish doost daram. Adding the plural suffix -ha (Kishmish-ha) is only necessary when you are talking about specific groups or varieties. If you say kishmish-ha in a general sense, it sounds slightly unnatural to a native speaker, similar to saying 'I like the raisins' when you mean 'I like raisins' in general.

Confusion with Mowiz: Learners often use kishmish for everything, but Iranians distinguish Mowiz (currants/large black raisins). Using kishmish for a large black seeded grape might lead to the wrong purchase at a store.

درست: این مویز است، نه کشمش معمولی. (Correct: This is 'mowiz', not a regular raisin.)

While کشمش is the general term, Persian has a rich vocabulary for dried fruits. Understanding the nuances between these words will help you sound more like a native speaker. The most important distinction is between kishmish and mowiz. While both are dried grapes, they come from different varieties and serve different purposes in the Iranian diet and traditional medicine.

Kishmish vs. Mowiz: Kishmish: Usually refers to smaller, seedless dried grapes (green or brown).
Mowiz: Refers to larger, usually black grapes, often with seeds, known for higher antioxidant content.

برای تقویت حافظه، خوردن مویز بهتر از کشمش است. (For improving memory, eating 'mowiz' is better than raisins.)

Other related words include Angoor-e khoshk (literally 'dried grape'), though this is more descriptive and less common than the specific noun. In the context of Ajeel, you might also hear Toot-e khoshk (dried white mulberries), which are often mixed with raisins. They share a similar sweetness and are used in the same snacking contexts.

Sultana and Currant Equivalents: In English, we distinguish between raisins, sultanas, and currants. In Persian, Kishmish-e Sabz is closest to sultanas, while Kishmish-e Polow-i matches what Americans call raisins. Mowiz covers the 'currant' or 'large raisin' category.

در قنادی‌ها از کشمش پلویی برای پخت شیرینی استفاده می‌کنند. (In bakeries, they use 'cooking raisins' to bake sweets.)

How Formal Is It?

Dato curioso

The Persian word 'Kishmish' was borrowed into Hindustani (Hindi/Urdu) and is used identically in India and Pakistan today.

Guía de pronunciación

UK /kɪʃ.mɪʃ/

US /kɪʃ.mɪʃ/

The stress is typically on the second syllable: kish-MISH.

Rima con

Bish Kish Mish Tish Dish Wish Finish (approx) British (approx)

Errores comunes

Pronouncing it as 'Keesh-meesh' with long 'e' sounds.
Dropping the final 'sh' sound.
Swapping the 'i' for an 'e' sound like 'Kesh-mesh'.
Adding an extra vowel between 'sh' and 'm'.
Confusing it with the English word 'quiche'.

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 2/5

Easy to recognize with common letters.

Escritura 2/5

Simple spelling with repeating 'sh' sounds.

Expresión oral 1/5

Very easy to pronounce for English speakers.

Escucha 1/5

Distinctive sound that stands out in conversation.

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

انگور خشک میوه شیرین غذا

Aprende después

مویز آجیل خشکبار قنادی برنج

Avanzado

تاکستان تخمیر صادرات آنتی‌اکسیدان گلوکز

Gramática que debes saber

Ezafe Construction

کشمشِ شیرین (Sweet raisin)

Compound Nouns

کشمش‌پلو (Raisin rice)

Pluralization with -ha

کشمش‌ها (Raisins)

Objective marker 'ra'

کشمش را خوردم (I ate the raisin)

Adjective formation with -i

کشمشی (Raisin-like)

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Ejemplos por nivel

من کشمش دوست دارم.

I like raisins.

Simple subject + object + verb structure.

این کشمش شیرین است.

This raisin is sweet.

Using 'ast' (is) for description.

کشمش کجاست؟

Where is the raisin?

Basic question word 'koja'.

او کشمش می‌خورد.

He/she is eating raisins.

Present continuous tense.

یک کشمش کوچک.

A small raisin.

Ezafe construction (-e) connecting noun and adjective.

کشمش و گردو.

Raisins and walnuts.

Using 'va' (and) to connect nouns.

من کشمش ندارم.

I don't have raisins.

Negative form of 'dashtan'.

بیا کشمش بخور.

Come eat a raisin.

Imperative mood.

من دو کیلو کشمش خریدم.

I bought two kilos of raisins.

Simple past tense with quantity.

آیا شما کشمش سبز دارید؟

Do you have green raisins?

Polite question with 'shoma'.

کشمش از انگور درست می‌شود.

Raisins are made from grapes.

Passive-like construction 'dorost mishavad'.

بچه‌ها کشمش را خیلی دوست دارند.

Children like raisins very much.

Use of 'ra' for specific/general direct object.

در این بشقاب کمی کشمش هست.

There are some raisins in this plate.

Locative 'dar' + 'hast'.

من هر روز کشمش می‌خورم.

I eat raisins every day.

Habitual present tense.

کشمش‌های این مغازه خوب هستند.

The raisins of this shop are good.

Plural marker '-ha'.

لطفاً به من کمی کشمش بدهید.

Please give me some raisins.

Polite imperative.

مادرم در عدس‌پلو کشمش می‌ریزد.

My mother puts raisins in lentil rice.

Present tense describing a habit/recipe.

باید قبل از پختن، کشمش‌ها را پاک کنی.

You must clean the raisins before cooking.

Modal verb 'bayad' + subjunctive.

کشمش برای تقویت حافظه مفید است.

Raisins are useful for strengthening memory.

Abstract noun 'taghviyat'.

او ترجیح می‌دهد چای را با کشمش بنوشد.

He prefers to drink tea with raisins.

Verb 'tarjih dadan' + subjunctive.

این کشمش‌ها خیلی خشک شده‌اند.

These raisins have become very dry.

Present perfect tense.

آیا کشمش پلویی خریدی یا کشمش سبز؟

Did you buy cooking raisins or green raisins?

Distinguishing between types.

نخودچی و کشمش یک میان‌وعده سالم است.

Roasted chickpeas and raisins is a healthy snack.

Compound subject treated as one unit.

کشمش‌های ملایر در کل ایران معروف هستند.

Malayer's raisins are famous all over Iran.

Proper noun + Ezafe.

اگر کشمش را در آب خیس کنی، نرم می‌شود.

If you soak the raisin in water, it becomes soft.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

کشمش‌های آفتاب‌خشک طعم قوی‌تری دارند.

Sun-dried raisins have a stronger taste.

Compound adjective 'aftab-khoshk'.

صادرات کشمش یکی از منابع درآمد ارزی ایران است.

Raisin export is one of Iran's sources of foreign currency income.

Complex noun phrase.

او به جای قند، همیشه از کشمش استفاده می‌کند.

He always uses raisins instead of sugar cubes.

Prepositional phrase 'be jaye'.

گفته می‌شود که کشمش حاوی مقادیر زیادی آهن است.

It is said that raisins contain large amounts of iron.

Passive reporting 'gofte mishavad'.

کشمش‌ها را تفت بده تا کمی پف کنند.

Sauté the raisins until they puff up a bit.

Subjunctive 'pof konand' after 'ta'.

تفاوت بین کشمش و مویز در نوع انگور آن‌هاست.

The difference between raisins and currants is in their grape type.

Comparative structure.

او با دقت کشمش‌های خراب را جدا کرد.

He carefully separated the spoiled raisins.

Adverbial phrase 'ba deghat'.

کشمش در طب سنتی به عنوان گرمی شناخته می‌شود.

In traditional medicine, raisins are known as 'warm' natured.

Cultural/Medical terminology.

فرآیند تبدیل انگور به کشمش نیازمند شرایط اقلیمی خاصی است.

The process of converting grapes to raisins requires specific climatic conditions.

Formal/Scientific register.

او در نوشته‌هایش از استعاره کشمش برای نشان دادن تواضع استفاده کرده است.

In his writings, he used the raisin metaphor to show humility.

Literary analysis.

با وجود کاهش بارندگی، تولید کشمش در این منطقه همچنان پررونق است.

Despite the decrease in rainfall, raisin production in this region is still booming.

Concessive clause 'ba voojood-e'.

کشمش‌های سایه‌خشک به دلیل حفظ رنگ سبزشان قیمت بالاتری دارند.

Shade-dried raisins have a higher price because they preserve their green color.

Reasoning with 'be dalil-e'.

در این تحقیق، خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی انواع کشمش بررسی شده است.

In this research, the antioxidant properties of various raisins have been examined.

Academic passive voice.

کشمش هم دم دارد، پس نباید از کسی انتظار کمال مطلق داشت.

Even a raisin has a tail, so one shouldn't expect absolute perfection from anyone.

Using an idiom in a philosophical context.

برداشت انگور و تبدیل آن به کشمش یک سنت دیرینه در این روستا است.

Harvesting grapes and turning them into raisins is an ancient tradition in this village.

Gerund-like usage of infinitives.

نوسانات بازار جهانی مستقیماً بر معیشت کشاورزان کشمش‌کار تأثیر می‌گذارد.

Global market fluctuations directly affect the livelihood of raisin farmers.

Economic/Sociological register.

کشمش در ادبیات عامیانه نمادی از فشردگی و غنای تجربه است.

In folklore, the raisin is a symbol of compression and richness of experience.

Symbolic/Abstract interpretation.

استانداردهای بهداشتی سختگیرانه‌ای برای بسته‌بندی کشمش‌های صادراتی وضع شده است.

Strict health standards have been established for the packaging of export raisins.

Legal/Bureaucratic language.

تحلیل ساختار قندی کشمش نشان‌دهنده غلظت بالای فروکتوز در آن است.

Analysis of the raisin's sugar structure indicates a high concentration of fructose in it.

Technical/Scientific analysis.

کشمش‌چینی در این منطقه با آیین‌های خاصی همراه است که ریشه در اساطیر دارد.

Raisin picking in this region is accompanied by specific rituals rooted in mythology.

Anthropological context.

بهره‌وری در تولید کشمش با استفاده از تکنولوژی‌های نوین آبیاری دوچندان شده است.

Productivity in raisin production has doubled with the use of modern irrigation technologies.

Advanced agricultural discourse.

او با ظرافتی خاص، تضاد بین شیرینی کشمش و تندی ادویه را در غذا توصیف کرد.

With a specific subtlety, he described the contrast between the sweetness of the raisin and the spiciness of the seasoning in the food.

Aesthetic description.

کشمش‌های این تاکستان به دلیل خاک غنی از املاح، طعمی منحصر به فرد دارند.

The raisins of this vineyard have a unique taste due to the mineral-rich soil.

Gourmet/Oenological register.

Colocaciones comunes

کشمش پلویی

نخودچی کشمش

کشمش سبز

پاک کردن کشمش

کشمش بی‌دانه

تفت دادن کشمش

آجیل و کشمش

کشمش ملایر

شیرینی کشمشی

کشمش سیاه

Frases Comunes

کشمش پلو

— A rice dish where raisins are the star ingredient.

امروز ناهار کشمش پلو داریم.

آب کشمش

— Raisin juice or water in which raisins have been soaked.

آب کشمش برای یبوست خوب است.

کشمش دم‌دار

— Raisins that still have their tiny stems attached.

کشمش‌های دم‌دار را باید تمیز کرد.

کیک کشمشی

— Raisin cake.

یک تکه کیک کشمشی می‌خوری؟

کشمش و مغز گردو

— A classic healthy snack combo.

کشمش و مغز گردو برای بچه‌ها مفید است.

کشمش صادراتی

— High-quality raisins meant for export.

این‌ها کشمش صادراتی هستند.

کشمش اعلا

— Top-quality, premium raisins.

کشمش اعلا خریدم.

کشمش سرخ

— Red raisins, usually used in cooking.

کشمش سرخ در پلو زیباتر است.

کشمش محلی

— Locally produced, often organic raisins.

کشمش محلی طعم بهتری دارد.

یک مشت کشمش

— A handful of raisins.

یک مشت کشمش در جیبش داشت.

Se confunde a menudo con

کشمش vs انگور

Grapes. Grapes are fresh; raisins (kishmish) are dried.

کشمش vs مویز

Large black raisins. Use 'mowiz' for the big ones and 'kishmish' for the small ones.

کشمش vs زرشک

Barberries. They are red and small like raisins but very sour, not sweet.

Modismos y expresiones

"کشمش هم دم دارد"

— Even the smallest or simplest things have flaws, or everyone has a lineage/background.

خیلی مغرور نباش، کشمش هم دم داره!

Informal/Proverb

"مثل نخود و کشمش"

— To be inseparable or to be always together.

این دو دوست مثل نخود و کشمش هستند.

Informal

"کشمش شدن"

— To become wrinkled or shriveled (like a raisin).

از سرما دست‌هایم مثل کشمش شد.

Slang/Colloquial

"نخودچی کشمش کسی بودن"

— To be someone's sidekick or constant companion.

او همیشه نخودچی کشمش برادرش است.

Slang

"کشمش‌اش را خوردن و چوب‌اش را انداختن"

— To take the benefit and discard the responsibility (rare).

او فقط کشمش‌اش را خورد و رفت.

Archaic

"از غوره تا کشمش"

— From start to finish, or the whole process of growth.

او از غوره تا کشمش این کار را می‌داند.

Metaphorical

"کشمش در جیب داشتن"

— To be prepared or to have a small treat ready.

پدربزرگ همیشه کشمش در جیب داشت.

Literal/Idiomatic

"کشمش پلو بدون کشمش"

— Something that is missing its essential part.

این مهمانی بدون تو مثل کشمش پلو بدون کشمش است.

Informal/Humorous

"کشمش را با چوبش خوردن"

— To be very hungry or to do something carelessly.

آنقدر گرسنه بود که کشمش را با چوبش خورد.

Informal

"سرش بوی کشمش می‌دهد"

— He is up to something (often related to alcohol in secret context, as raisins are used for fermentation).

مراقب باش، سرش بوی کشمش می‌دهد.

Secretive/Slang

Fácil de confundir

کشمش vs انگور

Same fruit, different state.

Angoor is fresh and juicy; Kishmish is dried and sweet.

انگور را خشک می‌کنند تا کشمش شود.

کشمش vs زرشک

Appearance in rice dishes.

Zereshk is sour and bright red; Kishmish is sweet and darker.

زرشک‌پلو ترش است اما کشمش‌پلو شیرین است.

کشمش vs توت خشک

Both are dried fruits in Ajeel.

Toot is white mulberry; Kishmish is grape.

توت خشک از درخت توت می‌آید.

کشمش vs قند

Both used with tea.

Ghand is processed sugar; Kishmish is natural fruit.

پدربزرگ قند نمی‌خورد، فقط کشمش می‌خورد.

کشمش vs خرما

Both are sweet dried snacks.

Khorma is a date; Kishmish is a raisin.

خرما بزرگتر از کشمش است.

Patrones de oraciones

من [اسم] دوست دارم.

من کشمش دوست دارم.

لطفاً به من [مقدار] [اسم] بدهید.

لطفاً به من کمی کشمش بدهید.

باید قبل از [فعل]، [اسم] را [فعل].

باید قبل از پختن، کشمش را پاک کنی.

اگر [شرط]، [نتیجه].

اگر کشمش بخوری، انرژی می‌گیری.

[اسم] به عنوان [نقش] شناخته می‌شود.

کشمش به عنوان یک منبع آهن شناخته می‌شود.

با وجود [اسم]، [جمله].

با وجود شیرینی، کشمش برای دندان بد نیست.

تحلیل [اسم] نشان‌دهنده [اسم] است.

تحلیل بازار نشان‌دهنده رشد صادرات کشمش است.

[اسم] با [اسم] گره خورده است.

فرهنگ ما با نخودچی کشمش گره خورده است.

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

کشمش

کشمش‌کار (raisin farmer)

کشمش‌دانی (raisin container)

Verbos

کشمش شدن (to shrivel)

Adjetivos

کشمشی (raisin-like/containing raisins)

Relacionado

انگور

مویز

تاکستان

آجیل

خشکبار

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Cómo usarlo

frequency

Extremely frequent in daily life and culinary contexts.

Errores comunes

Saying 'Angoor-e khoshk' instead of 'Kishmish'. → Kishmish
While 'dried grape' is technically correct, no native speaker says it. Use the specific noun.
Using green raisins in Adas Polo. → Kishmish Polow-i (red/brown)
Green raisins are for snacking; brown ones are for cooking rice.
Pronouncing it 'Keesh-meesh'. → Kish-mish
The vowels are short. Long vowels change the rhythm of the word.
Forgetting to clean the 'dom' (stems). → Kishmish-e pak-shode
Cooking raisins with stems is considered poor preparation in Iranian culture.
Confusing Kishmish with Zereshk. → Kishmish (sweet) vs Zereshk (sour)
They look similar in rice but taste completely different. Don't ruin your dish!

Consejos

Sautéing Tip

When cooking with raisins, sauté them in oil or butter for only 30-60 seconds. They puff up and become juicy but burn very quickly.

Iron Source

Raisins are a great natural source of iron. Eating a handful a day is a traditional Persian remedy for anemia.

Freshness Check

When buying kishmish, make sure they are not too hard or stuck together in a big clump, which indicates they are old.

Tea Etiquette

If offered tea, look for a small bowl of raisins or dates nearby if you want to avoid eating white sugar.

Keep them Cool

Store raisins in a cool, dry place or the refrigerator to prevent them from becoming too hard or fermenting.

Adjective Form

Remember 'Kishmishi' is the adjective. Use it for anything that has raisins in it.

The Stem Issue

Always check for 'dom' (tails/stems). Even high-quality raisins might have a few left.

Green vs Black

Green raisins are usually sweeter and softer, while black ones (mowiz) have a deeper, more complex flavor.

Ajeel

Raisins are the 'glue' of the Iranian snack mix. They are the most common and affordable part of Ajeel.

Singular vs Plural

Stick to the singular 'Kishmish' when talking about them as a food group.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Imagine a 'Kish' (the Iranian island) where people only eat 'mish' (small things) - Kish-mish!

Asociación visual

Imagine a tiny, wrinkled grape wearing a small 'sh' shaped hat.

Word Web

Grape Dried Sweet Tea Adas Polo Ajeel Wrinkled Iron

Desafío

Try to go to a Persian grocery store and ask for 'Kishmish-e Sabz' without looking at your notes.

Origen de la palabra

The word is of Middle Persian origin, likely from the root meaning 'to dry' or related to the grape itself.

Significado original: Dried grape.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

Contexto cultural

No major sensitivities; it is a universally loved food item.

English speakers often distinguish between raisins (dark), sultanas (golden), and currants (tiny). In Persian, 'Kishmish' covers almost all of these, though 'Mowiz' is used for the largest ones.

Mentioned in the poems of Rumi as a metaphor for transformation. A staple in the 'Sofreh-ye Haft Sin' snack section. Famous in Iranian nursery rhymes about Ajeel.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

At the Grocery Store

کشمش کیلویی چند است؟
نیم کیلو کشمش می‌خواهم.
این کشمش‌ها تازه هستند؟
کشمش بی‌دانه دارید؟

In the Kitchen

کشمش‌ها را پاک کن.
کشمش را در کره تفت بده.
کمی کشمش به پلو اضافه کن.
کشمش‌ها را بشور.

Tea Time

چای با کشمش می‌خورید؟
کشمش به جای قند بهتر است.
کشمش‌ها را در قندان بریز.
بفرمایید کشمش.

Talking about Health

کشمش آهن دارد.
برای حافظه کشمش بخور.
کشمش قند طبیعی دارد.
کشمش انرژی‌زا است.

Snacking

نخودچی کشمش می‌خوری؟
یک مشت کشمش بردار.
کشمش سبز خیلی خوشمزه است.
من کشمش را با گردو دوست دارم.

Inicios de conversación

"آیا شما ترجیح می‌دهید چای را با قند بخورید یا با کشمش؟"

"بهترین کشمش ایران متعلق به کدام شهر است؟"

"آیا در کشور شما هم از کشمش در غذاهای اصلی استفاده می‌شود؟"

"شما کشمش سبز را بیشتر دوست دارید یا کشمش سیاه؟"

"کدام شیرینی کشمشی را بیشتر می‌پسندید؟"

Temas para diario

امروز یاد گرفتم که ایرانی‌ها چگونه از کشمش در رژیم غذایی خود استفاده می‌کنند...

تجربه من از خوردن عدس‌پلو با کشمش فراوان این بود که...

اگر بخواهم یک میان‌وعده سالم با کشمش درست کنم، از چه موادی استفاده می‌کنم؟

تفاوت‌های فرهنگی در استفاده از میوه‌های خشک مثل کشمش بین کشور من و ایران چیست؟

چرا کشمش جایگزین خوبی برای قند در هنگام نوشیدن چای است؟

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

Yes, 'Kishmish' is the standard word across all provinces, though regional varieties have specific names.

Kishmish is usually smaller and seedless, while Mowiz is larger, darker, and often has seeds.

It is a traditional and healthier alternative to refined sugar cubes, providing natural sweetness.

Yes, it is highly recommended to wash and sort them to remove dust and tiny stems.

Absolutely! It is a key ingredient in dishes like Adas Polo (lentil rice) and various stuffings.

It is called 'Shirini Kishmishi', which is a very popular traditional cookie.

It is a classic Iranian snack mix consisting of roasted chickpeas and raisins.

Usually, the smaller red/brown 'Polow-i' raisins are used for rice, but green ones can be used in a pinch.

Yes, Iran is one of the top three exporters of raisins in the world.

It means 'Even a raisin has a tail', implying that everything and everyone has small flaws.

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