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गुजरना

A2 verb #1,500 más común 16 min de lectura

गुजरना

To pass, to go by.

guzarna Top 1,500

At the A1 level, learners are introduced to the most basic and literal meaning of गुजरना (gujarnā), which is the physical act of passing by a place. Beginners learn to use this verb to describe simple movements in their daily routines. For example, they might learn to say 'Main dukan se gujarta hoon' (I pass by the shop) when talking about their commute to work or school. The focus at this stage is entirely on the present tense and understanding that this verb requires the postposition 'se' (from/by) to connect the subject to the location. Learners are taught not to confuse it with 'to go' (jānā), but rather to see it as a specific type of movement that involves going past something without stopping. They also practice simple sentence structures, ensuring they match the verb ending with the gender and number of the subject, such as 'Ram gujarta hai' (Ram passes) versus 'Sita gujarti hai' (Sita passes). The vocabulary surrounding the verb at this level is limited to common places like home, school, market, and park. The metaphorical uses of passing time or passing away are generally avoided at this stage to prevent confusion, keeping the learning focused on tangible, observable actions.

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At the A2 level, the understanding of गुजरना (gujarnā) expands significantly. Learners begin to use the verb in the past and future tenses, which introduces the critical grammatical rule that 'gujarnā' is an intransitive verb and therefore never takes the ergative marker 'ne' (ने) in the perfective past tense. This is a major milestone in Hindi grammar. They learn to say 'Main wahan se gujra' (I passed from there) instead of the incorrect 'Mainne wahan se gujra'. Additionally, the concept of time passing is introduced. Learners start using phrases like 'Samay jaldi gujarta hai' (Time passes quickly) or 'Mera din achha gujra' (My day passed well). This broadens their conversational ability, allowing them to talk about their experiences and how they spent their time, rather than just physical movement. They also begin to encounter the compound verb form 'gujar jana', primarily in the context of someone dying, though they might not use it actively yet. The focus is on recognizing the shift in meaning based on context—whether the subject is a person moving, time flowing, or a life ending. Practice exercises at this level heavily emphasize tense conjugation and the consistent use of the postposition 'se'.

At the B1 level, learners are expected to handle the metaphorical and more nuanced applications of गुजरना (gujarnā) with confidence. They move beyond simple physical passing and time passing to discussing life phases and emotional states. A key phrase learned at this stage is 'bure daur se gujarna' (to pass through a bad phase) or 'mushkil waqt se gujarna' (to pass through a difficult time). This allows learners to express empathy and discuss personal challenges, which is crucial for intermediate conversation. They also become comfortable using the continuous tenses, such as 'Main ek ajeeb sthiti se gujar raha hoon' (I am passing through a strange situation). At this level, the distinction between 'gujarna' (to pass by) and 'paar karna' (to cross over) becomes very clear, and learners are expected to use them accurately without confusing the two. They also actively use the compound form 'gujar jana' to politely discuss death, understanding its cultural importance over the blunt 'marna'. Listening comprehension improves, allowing them to catch the verb in fast-paced spoken Hindi, such as in Bollywood songs or casual dialogues where it is often contracted or spoken quickly.

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At the B2 level, the usage of गुजरना (gujarnā) becomes highly idiomatic and natural. Learners can seamlessly integrate the verb into complex sentence structures, including conditional sentences and passive constructions (though the verb itself is intransitive, it can be part of a larger passive thought). They understand and use phrases like 'Jo gujar gaya, so gujar gaya' (What has passed, has passed / Let bygones be bygones), demonstrating a grasp of Hindi idioms and cultural fatalism regarding time. They can discuss abstract concepts, such as a law passing through parliament ('Bill sansad se gujar raha hai'), even if they know 'parit hona' is the formal term. Their vocabulary includes a wide range of collocations, and they can effortlessly switch between the physical, temporal, and metaphorical meanings without hesitation. At this stage, learners are also sensitive to the register of the word, knowing when it sounds poetic, when it sounds casual, and when it sounds formal. They can read short stories or news articles and fully comprehend the emotional weight the author intends when using 'gujarna' to describe a character's journey or a tragic event.

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At the C1 level, learners possess a near-native command of गुजरना (gujarnā). They appreciate its literary and poetic nuances, recognizing it in classic Hindi literature, ghazals, and high-level discourse. They understand how the verb is used to evoke nostalgia, the fleeting nature of existence, and profound philosophical concepts. For example, they can analyze a poetic line like 'Zindagi ek khwab ki tarah gujar gayi' (Life passed by like a dream) and discuss its implications. They are adept at using the causative forms, if applicable in rare contexts, or related abstract nouns like 'guzara' (livelihood/survival). Their spoken Hindi utilizes 'gujarna' in highly sophisticated ways, such as in debates or deep philosophical discussions about the passage of eras or historical movements. They make zero grammatical errors regarding its intransitive nature and postposition requirements. Furthermore, they can creatively play with the word, inventing their own metaphors that sound natural to a native speaker. They understand regional variations or slight pronunciation shifts (like the subtle 'z' sound borrowed from its Urdu/Persian root 'guzarna') and can adjust their own pronunciation based on the formality of the setting.

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At the C2 level, the mastery of गुजरना (gujarnā) is absolute. The learner uses the word with the exact same intuition, cultural resonance, and grammatical perfection as an educated native speaker. They can effortlessly navigate the deepest literary texts, historical documents, and complex poetry where the word might be used in archaic or highly stylized ways. They understand the etymological roots of the word (from Persian 'guzashtan') and how that history influences its usage in modern Hindustani, particularly in the blending of Hindi and Urdu vocabularies. They can write compelling essays, stories, or speeches using 'gujarna' to create specific rhythmic or emotional effects. They are fully capable of teaching the nuances of the word to lower-level learners, explaining the subtle differences between 'gujarna', 'bitna', and 'katna' (another verb for time passing) with absolute clarity. At this pinnacle of language acquisition, 'gujarna' is no longer a vocabulary word to be translated; it is a fundamental concept of existence, movement, and time that the learner thinks and feels directly in Hindi, without any intermediary English translation.

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Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

गुजरना en 30 segundos

To pass by a place
To pass time
To go through a phase
To pass away (die)

The Hindi verb गुजरना (gujarnā) is an incredibly versatile and frequently used intransitive verb that primarily translates to 'to pass' or 'to go by' in English. When we look at its core meaning, it encompasses several different dimensions of passing, making it an essential word for any Hindi learner to master. Firstly, it refers to the physical movement of passing by a place, a person, or an object. For instance, if you are walking down a street and you walk past a famous monument, you would use this verb to describe that action. Secondly, it is heavily used to describe the passage of time. Days, months, and years pass by, and in Hindi, time 'gujartā hai'. Thirdly, it is used metaphorically to describe going through a specific situation, phase, or experience, particularly difficult ones.

Physical Passing: Used when a person or vehicle moves past a specific location or landmark.

If someone is going through a tough time, they are 'gujar rahe hain' through that phase. Furthermore, in a more solemn context, when combined with 'jānā' (to go) as 'gujar jānā', it is a respectful and common way to say that someone has passed away or died. Understanding the context is crucial because the same word shifts its meaning from a casual stroll past a bakery to the profound grief of losing a loved one.

Main us dukaan ke paas se गुजरना chahta hoon.

The beauty of this verb lies in its fluidity. It does not require a direct object because it is intransitive. This means that the action happens to the subject or the subject simply performs the action without transferring it to an object. Therefore, in the past tense, you will never use the ergative marker 'ne' (ने) with the subject. This is a fundamental grammatical rule that learners must remember. Let us delve deeper into the physical aspect. Imagine you are driving on a highway. The towns and villages you see out the window are places you are passing through. In Hindi, you would say 'hum is gaon se gujar rahe hain' (we are passing through this village). The preposition 'se' (से), meaning 'from' or 'through', is almost always paired with this verb when denoting the path or the medium of passing.

Temporal Passing: Describes how time, days, or years move forward without stopping.

Now, consider the temporal aspect. Time is a relentless force, and its passing is universally felt. In Hindi poetry and daily conversation alike, the phrase 'waqt gujar raha hai' (time is passing) is ubiquitous. It carries a sense of inevitability. When discussing experiences, the verb takes on a psychological depth. 'Vah bure daur se gujar raha hai' translates to 'He is passing through a bad phase'.

Waqt bahut tezi se गुजरना shuru ho gaya hai.

Here, the 'bad phase' is treated as a physical space that the person is navigating. This metaphorical usage is essential for achieving fluency and sounding like a native speaker. The emotional resonance of the word changes based on the accompanying words. It is not just about movement; it is about transition. Transition from one place to another, from one moment to the next, or from one state of being to another.

Metaphorical Passing: Experiencing a phase, usually difficult, like an illness or financial trouble.

The versatility of 'gujarnā' makes it a cornerstone of Hindi vocabulary. Whether you are giving directions, reminiscing about the past, expressing sympathy, or describing a journey, this verb will inevitably find its way into your sentences.

Vah ek kathin samay se गुजरना pad raha hai.

As you continue to learn Hindi, paying attention to the nuances of such high-frequency verbs will exponentially improve your comprehension and expressive capabilities. The more you listen to native speakers, the more you will notice how effortlessly they weave this word into various contexts, seamlessly shifting from the mundane to the profound. Therefore, mastering 'gujarnā' is not just about memorizing a translation; it is about internalizing a concept of movement and transition that is deeply embedded in the Hindi language and culture.

Us raste se गुजरना khatarnak ho sakta hai.

Zindagi ka har pal गुजरना ek naya anubhav deta hai.

Using the verb गुजरना (gujarnā) correctly in sentences requires a solid understanding of Hindi verb conjugation, postpositions, and sentence structure. Because it is an intransitive verb, its usage is somewhat simpler than transitive verbs, but it still has specific rules that must be followed. The most important rule is the use of the postposition 'se' (से). When you want to say that you are passing 'through' a place, 'by' a place, or 'through' a phase, you must use 'se' after the noun.

Present Tense: Conjugates as gujartā hai, gujartī hai, gujarte hain based on gender and number.

For example, 'Main jungle se gujar raha hoon' means 'I am passing through the forest'. The word 'jungle' is followed by 'se', which acts as the medium of passage. If you omit 'se', the sentence becomes grammatically incorrect and loses its meaning. Let us look at how it conjugates across different tenses. In the simple present tense, for a masculine singular subject, it becomes 'gujartā hai' (gujar-tā hai). For a feminine singular subject, it is 'gujartī hai' (gujar-tī hai).

Vah har din mere ghar ke samne se गुजरना pasand karta hai.

For plural subjects, it becomes 'gujarte hain' (masculine) or 'gujartī hain' (feminine). For example, 'Samay jaldi gujartā hai' (Time passes quickly). In the present continuous tense, which is very common for this verb, you use the root 'gujar' followed by 'rahā/rahī/rahe' and the auxiliary verb. 'Hum ek gaon se gujar rahe hain' (We are passing through a village). The past tense is where many learners make mistakes. Because 'gujarnā' is intransitive, it does not take the 'ne' (ने) marker on the subject in the perfective past tense. The verb simply agrees with the subject in gender and number.

Past Tense: Conjugates as gujrā, gujrī, gujre. Never use the 'ne' particle with the subject.

So, 'He passed by' is 'Vah gujrā', not 'Usne gujrā'. 'She passed by' is 'Vah gujrī'. 'They passed by' is 'Ve gujre'. This is a critical distinction that separates native-sounding speakers from beginners.

Kal raat ek tez toofan yahan se गुजरना tha.

When talking about the future, the conjugation follows standard rules: 'gujregā' (masculine singular), 'gujregī' (feminine singular), 'gujrenge' (masculine plural). 'Bura waqt bhi gujar jayega' (The bad time will also pass). Notice the addition of 'jayega' here. This is a compound verb form. 'Gujar jānā' adds a sense of completion or finality to the action. It emphasizes that the passing will be complete. This compound form is also the polite way to say someone died: 'Unke pitaji gujar gaye' (His father passed away).

Future Tense: Conjugates as gujregā, gujregī, gujrenge. Often used to offer hope that bad times will end.

You would not just say 'Unke pitaji gujre'; the 'gaye' is necessary for the idiomatic meaning of death. Another common usage pattern is with abstract nouns. 'Dukh se gujarnā' (to pass through sorrow), 'pareshani se gujarnā' (to pass through trouble). In these cases, the verb acts as a bridge between the subject and their emotional or situational state.

Mujhe is raste se गुजरना bilkul pasand nahi hai.

It is also worth noting that 'gujarnā' can be used to describe the passing of laws or proposals in a more formal or journalistic context, though 'pārit honā' is more accurate. However, in colloquial Hindi, you might hear 'Bill gujar gaya' (The bill passed).

Jab main wahan se गुजरना shuru kiya, tab barish hone lagi.

By practicing these different structures—simple passing, temporal passing, metaphorical passing, and the compound form for passing away—you will build a robust understanding of how to deploy this word effectively in any conversation.

Kya tum kabhi is jungle se गुजरना chahte ho?

The verb गुजरना (gujarnā) is deeply woven into the fabric of everyday Hindi, and you will encounter it in a vast array of contexts, ranging from casual street chatter to profound literary works. One of the most common places you will hear this word is in daily conversations about time and life experiences. When friends meet after a long time, a standard question is 'Kaisa gujar raha hai?' which translates to 'How is it passing?' or more naturally, 'How is it going?'.

Daily Greetings: Used to ask how someone's life or time is going, similar to 'How are you doing?'

It is a casual, friendly way to check in on someone's life. Similarly, if someone is complaining about a boring lecture or a long wait, they might sigh and say, 'Waqt hi nahi gujar raha' (Time just isn't passing). This highlights the psychological perception of time, a universal human experience perfectly captured by this verb. You will also hear it frequently in the context of travel and directions.

Train ek lambi surang se गुजरना wali hai.

If you are in an auto-rickshaw in Delhi and you want the driver to take a specific route, you might say, 'Bhaiya, market ke paas se gujarna' (Brother, pass by the market). It is the standard way to describe a route or a trajectory. In news broadcasts and formal announcements, the compound form 'gujar jana' is the standard, respectful terminology for announcing a death. You will hear news anchors say, 'Prasiddh abhineta ka kal raat gujar jana hua' (The famous actor passed away last night). It is considered much more polite and softer than using the direct verb 'marna' (to die).

News and Media: The compound 'gujar jana' is the standard journalistic term for passing away.

Beyond everyday speech and news, 'gujarnā' is a favorite word among poets, lyricists, and storytellers. Bollywood songs are full of references to passing time, passing seasons, and passing through the streets of a lover.

Unki gali se गुजरना ab aam baat ho gayi hai.

A famous song lyric might talk about 'jab se tum gujre ho' (since you passed by), evoking a sense of nostalgia and longing. In storytelling, it is used to build atmosphere. 'Ek ghane jungle se gujarte hue...' (While passing through a dense forest...) immediately sets the scene for an adventure or a mystery.

Poetry and Music: Highly utilized to express nostalgia, the fleeting nature of time, and romantic longing.

The word carries a certain poetic weight because it inherently deals with the ephemeral nature of life and experiences. You will also hear it in the workplace. If a project is going through an approval phase, a colleague might say, 'File abhi finance department se gujar rahi hai' (The file is currently passing through the finance department).

Mujhe is mushkil daur se akele hi गुजरना padega.

Here, it describes a process or a workflow. Therefore, whether you are listening to a romantic ballad, watching the evening news, asking for directions, or just chatting with a friend about their day, 'gujarnā' is a word that will constantly echo in your ears, proving its status as a fundamental building block of the Hindi language.

Din itni jaldi गुजरना laga ki pata hi nahi chala.

Kya aapne kabhi is gaon se गुजरना ka socha hai?

When learning the Hindi verb गुजरना (gujarnā), English speakers often fall into a few predictable traps due to direct translation habits and misunderstandings of Hindi grammar rules. The most prevalent and glaring mistake is treating 'gujarnā' as a transitive verb. In English, you can say 'I passed the ball' or 'I passed the exam'. Because 'pass' can take a direct object in English, learners assume 'gujarnā' can too. This is incorrect.

Transitive Confusion: Do not use gujarnā for passing objects or passing exams. It is strictly intransitive.

You cannot say 'Mainne exam gujra' to mean 'I passed the exam'. For passing an exam, you must use 'paas karna' or 'utteern hona'. Similarly, you cannot say 'Mainne namak gujra' for 'I passed the salt'. For passing an object, you use 'dena' (to give) or 'pakdana' (to hand over). 'Gujarnā' is strictly intransitive; it only describes the subject's own movement or the passage of time.

Galti se bhi exam ke liye गुजरना ka prayog na karein.

This leads directly to the second major mistake: the misuse of the ergative marker 'ne' (ने) in the past tense. In Hindi, transitive verbs in the perfective past tense require the subject to take 'ne'. Because learners mistakenly think 'gujarnā' is transitive, they say 'Usne gujra' instead of the correct 'Vah gujra' (He passed by). Always remember that 'gujarnā' never, ever takes 'ne'. Another frequent error involves omitting the postposition 'se' (से). When you are passing *through* or *by* a place, the place must be followed by 'se'. Saying 'Main gaon gujra' is grammatically incomplete and sounds very unnatural. You must say 'Main gaon se gujra' (I passed through the village).

Missing Postposition: Failing to use 'se' (from/through) after the noun representing the place being passed.

The 'se' indicates the path or medium. Without it, the sentence lacks spatial logic in Hindi. Furthermore, learners often confuse 'gujarnā' with 'paar karna' (to cross). While they are related, they are not always interchangeable. 'Paar karna' implies an active effort to go from one side of an obstacle to another, like crossing a river or a busy street.

Nadi ko paar karna hota hai, nadi se गुजरना nahi.

'Gujarnā' is more about the general trajectory of moving past or through something without necessarily focusing on the obstacle aspect. You pass through a town (gujarnā), but you cross a bridge (paar karna). Using 'gujarnā' for crossing a street ('Main sadak gujra') is incorrect. Lastly, a sensitive mistake is misusing the compound 'gujar jana' (to pass away). If you say 'Mera kutta gujar gaya', it is understood, but usually, 'gujar jana' is reserved for human beings to show respect. For animals, 'mar jana' is more standard.

Contextual Inappropriateness: Using the respectful 'gujar jana' for animals or trivial things instead of humans.

Also, using just 'gujra' instead of 'gujar gaya' when talking about someone's death sounds abrupt and slightly incorrect; the compound verb 'jana' is necessary to convey the finality of death.

Unke dada ji ka kal गुजरना ek dukh sukh ghatna thi.

By being mindful of its intransitive nature, always pairing it with 'se' for locations, distinguishing it from 'paar karna', and using the compound form correctly for condolences, learners can avoid these common pitfalls and use 'gujarnā' with the confidence and accuracy of a native speaker.

Sahi grammar ke bina is shabd se गुजरना mushkil hai.

Kripya dhyan dein ki aap kahan se गुजरना chahte hain.

To truly enrich your Hindi vocabulary, it is important to understand not just the word गुजरना (gujarnā), but also its synonyms and alternatives. Knowing when to use which word will make your Hindi sound much more natural and precise. One of the closest synonyms, specifically regarding the passage of time, is बीतना (bītnā). While 'waqt gujar raha hai' and 'waqt beet raha hai' both mean 'time is passing', 'bītnā' is exclusively used for time and abstract periods.

बीतना (Bītnā): Used exclusively for the passing of time, days, or eras. Cannot be used for physical movement.

You cannot use 'bītnā' to say you passed by a shop. It is strictly temporal. Another highly relevant alternative is पार करना (pār karnā), which translates to 'to cross'. As discussed in the common mistakes section, 'pār karnā' implies an active crossing of a boundary or obstacle, like a river, a road, or a mountain.

Nadi ko paar karna aur nadi ke paas se गुजरना alag baatein hain.

'Gujarnā' is more passive; it is the act of moving along a path that happens to go past something. If you are driving through a tunnel, you are 'gujar rahe hain', but if you are swimming across a lake, you are 'paar kar rahe hain'. For simple physical movement, the basic verb जाना (jānā), meaning 'to go', is often used as a simpler alternative. Instead of saying 'Main us raste se gujra' (I passed by that road), a beginner might simply say 'Main us raste se gaya' (I went by that road). While 'gaya' is perfectly understandable, 'gujra' adds a layer of descriptive detail, indicating that the road was part of a longer journey rather than the final destination.

जाना (Jānā): The basic verb 'to go'. Can replace gujarna in simple contexts but lacks the specific meaning of 'passing by'.

When it comes to the meaning of 'passing away' or dying, the most direct translation is मरना (marnā). However, 'marnā' is considered blunt and sometimes insensitive when talking about people, especially loved ones or respected figures.

Marna kehne ke bajaye, samman ke liye गुजरना (gujar jana) ka prayog karein.

In these cases, 'gujar jānā' is the preferred, polite alternative. Other respectful alternatives include 'swargwas hona' (to reside in heaven) or 'nidhan hona' (demise), which are highly formal and often used in written news or official announcements. Another interesting related concept is सहना (sahnā) or बर्दाश्त करना (bardāsht karnā), which mean 'to endure' or 'to tolerate'. When you say 'Vah bure daur se gujar raha hai' (He is passing through a bad phase), the underlying implication is that he is enduring it.

सहना (Sahnā): Means to endure. Often the underlying emotional state when someone is 'passing through' a tough time.

While not direct synonyms, they occupy the same emotional landscape in conversation. By understanding these subtle differences—when to use 'bītnā' for time, 'pār karnā' for crossing, 'jānā' for simple going, and 'gujar jānā' for respectful passing—you elevate your Hindi from mere translation to true expression.

In sabhi shabdon ke beech ke antar se गुजरना bhasha sikhne ka hissa hai.

Sahi shabd chunna aur galat shabdon se bach kar गुजरना zaroori hai.

Waqt ka गुजरना aur waqt ka bitna ek hi baat hai.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

"Prastav sansad se gujar chuka hai."

Neutral

"Main dukan se gujra."

Informal

"Bhai, waqt hi nahi gujar raha."

Child friendly

"Dekho, train gujar rahi hai!"

Jerga

"Mera to gujara hi nahi ho raha."

Dato curioso

Because it comes from Persian, purists of Urdu will always pronounce it with a 'z' sound (guzarna) and write it with a dot under the 'j' character in Devanagari (गुज़रना). However, in everyday spoken Hindi across India, the 'z' sound is very frequently naturalized into a standard 'j' sound (गुजरना). Both are completely acceptable in daily conversation.

Guía de pronunciación

UK /ɡʊ.dʒəɾ.nɑː/

US /ɡʊ.dʒər.nɑ/

gu-JAR-na

Rima con

उतरना (utarnā - to descend) मुकरना (mukarnā - to deny) सुधरना (sudharnā - to improve) बिखरना (bikharnā - to scatter) निखरना (nikharnā - to bloom/glow) संवरना (sanvarnā - to get ready/adorn) ठहरना (thaharnā - to stay) डरना (darnā - to fear)

Errores comunes

Pronouncing the 'j' as a 'z'. While the Urdu root has a 'z' (guzarna), standard Hindi often pronounces it as a clear 'j' (gujarna). Both are understood, but 'j' is safer for beginners.
Rolling the 'r' too hard. It should be a single light tap of the tongue against the roof of the mouth.
Making the first 'u' too long (like 'goo'). It should be short and quick.
Dropping the final 'a' sound. It must be a clear, long 'aa'.
Pronouncing it as three distinct, disconnected syllables. It should flow smoothly together.

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 3/5

Easy to recognize, but understanding metaphorical vs literal meaning requires context.

Escritura 4/5

Requires remembering not to use 'ne' in the past tense and always pairing with 'se'.

Expresión oral 4/5

Pronunciation is easy, but applying the correct postposition in real-time takes practice.

Escucha 3/5

Commonly used, so learners will hear it often and pick it up quickly.

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

से (se - from/through) जाना (jana - to go) वक्त (waqt - time) रास्ता (rasta - road) पास (paas - near)

Aprende después

गुज़ारना (guzarna - to spend time) बीतना (bitna - to pass time) पार करना (paar karna - to cross) सहना (sahna - to endure) ठहरना (thaharna - to stay)

Avanzado

स्वर्गवास (swargwas - demise) निधन (nidhan - death) कश्मकश (kashmakash - dilemma) गुजर-बसर (gujar-basar - livelihood) अस्तित्व (astitva - existence)

Gramática que debes saber

Intransitive Verbs and the 'Ne' Marker

Because gujarna is intransitive, you say 'Main gujra' (I passed), NOT 'Mainne gujra'. The subject never takes 'ne' in the perfective past tense.

Use of Postposition 'Se' for Path/Medium

To say you passed through or by a place, you must use 'se'. 'Main dukan se gujra' (I passed by the shop). Omitting 'se' is grammatically incorrect.

Compound Verbs for Completion

Adding 'jana' to the root 'gujar' creates 'gujar jana', which emphasizes the completion of the action, most commonly used as a euphemism for death: 'Vah gujar gaya'.

Present Participle as Adjective/Adverb

'Gujarte hue' means 'while passing'. Example: 'Gujarte hue mainne use dekha' (While passing, I saw him).

Causative Form (Transitive)

The transitive form is 'guzarna' (to spend). 'Mainne waqt guzara' (I spent time). Notice the 'ne' is used here because it is transitive.

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Ejemplos por nivel

Main har din park se gujarta hoon.

I pass by the park every day.

Present tense, masculine singular. Note the use of 'se' after park.

Vah dukan ke paas se gujarti hai.

She passes near the shop.

Present tense, feminine singular. 'ke paas se' means 'from near'.

Hum school se gujarte hain.

We pass by the school.

Present tense, plural. 'se' is mandatory.

Kya tum yahan se gujarte ho?

Do you pass by here?

Interrogative sentence, present tense.

Gadi raste se gujarti hai.

The car passes by the road.

Feminine subject (gadi) takes feminine verb ending (ti).

Main wahan se nahi gujarta.

I do not pass by there.

Negative sentence in simple present.

Kutta gali se gujarta hai.

The dog passes through the street.

Simple subject-verb agreement.

Billi mere ghar se gujarti hai.

The cat passes by my house.

Use of possessive pronoun 'mere' with the noun.

Main kal us gaon se gujra.

I passed through that village yesterday.

Past tense, masculine singular. Notice no 'ne' is used.

Mera din bahut achha gujra.

My day passed very well.

Metaphorical use for time. 'Din' is masculine, so 'gujra'.

Vah kal yahan se gujri thi.

She had passed by here yesterday.

Past perfect tense, feminine singular.

Samay bahut jaldi gujarta hai.

Time passes very quickly.

Common phrase for time passing.

Hum kal is raste se gujrenge.

We will pass by this road tomorrow.

Future tense, plural.

Kya tumhara weekend achha gujra?

Did your weekend pass well?

Asking about past time experience.

Train surang se gujar rahi hai.

The train is passing through the tunnel.

Present continuous tense.

Vah mere samne se gujra par bola nahi.

He passed in front of me but didn't speak.

Compound sentence showing action without interaction.

Vah aaj kal ek bure daur se gujar raha hai.

He is passing through a bad phase these days.

Metaphorical use for enduring a difficult time.

Unke pitaji pichle hafte gujar gaye.

His father passed away last week.

Compound verb 'gujar jana' used respectfully for death.

Mujhe is bhid se gujarna pasand nahi hai.

I don't like passing through this crowd.

Infinitive form used as a noun/gerund.

Jab main wahan se gujar raha tha, barish shuru ho gayi.

When I was passing by there, it started raining.

Past continuous tense setting the scene for another action.

Zindagi ke kai saal aise hi gujar gaye.

Many years of life passed by just like that.

Expressing the passage of a long period of time.

Is jungle se gujarna khatarnak ho sakta hai.

Passing through this forest can be dangerous.

Infinitive used as the subject of the sentence.

Mera bachpan is shahar mein gujra hai.

My childhood has passed in this city.

Present perfect tense, talking about life experience.

Bina paise ke ek din bhi gujarna mushkil hai.

Passing even one day without money is difficult.

Using the verb to mean 'surviving' or 'managing'.

Jo waqt gujar gaya, use wapas nahi laya ja sakta.

The time that has passed cannot be brought back.

Passive voice construction in the second clause.

Naya kanoon sansad se gujar chuka hai.

The new law has already passed through parliament.

Present perfect tense, abstract use for legislation.

Us hadse ke baad, vah ek gahre sadme se gujri.

After that accident, she passed through a deep trauma.

Using the verb for deep psychological states.

Chahe kitni bhi mushkilein aayein, yeh waqt bhi gujar jayega.

No matter how many difficulties come, this time will also pass.

Idiomatic expression of hope and resilience.

Unki yaadon ke sahare meri zindagi gujar rahi hai.

My life is passing with the support of their memories.

Poetic/emotional use of the continuous tense.

Is prastav ko kai samitiyon se gujarna padega.

This proposal will have to pass through several committees.

Compulsion structure 'padega' with the infinitive.

Bina kisi shikayat ke usne poori zindagi gujar di.

He passed his entire life without any complaints.

Transitive use of the causative form 'gujar dena' (to spend).

Jab se vah gujra hai, ghar mein sannata hai.

Since he passed away, there is silence in the house.

Using the simple past 'gujra' to mean death in a subordinate clause.

Waqt ki ret mutthi se gujarti hi ja rahi hai.

The sand of time keeps on passing through the fist.

Continuous emphatic structure 'gujarti hi ja rahi hai'.

Uske chehre se gujarti hui udasi ne sab kuch keh diya.

The sadness passing across her face said everything.

Present participle 'gujarti hui' used as an adjective.

Sadiyan gujar gayin, par is imarat ki shaan waisi hi hai.

Centuries have passed, but the glory of this building remains the same.

Plural feminine subject 'sadiyan' taking 'gujar gayin'.

Ek ajeeb si kashmakash se gujar raha hai mera dil.

My heart is passing through a strange dilemma.

Poetic inversion of subject and verb for emphasis.

Un galiyon se gujarna ab ek khwab sa lagta hai.

Passing through those streets now feels like a dream.

Infinitive phrase acting as the subject expressing nostalgia.

Bina aag me tape, sona kundan banne ke daur se nahi gujarta.

Without heating in fire, gold does not pass through the phase of becoming pure.

Complex metaphorical sentence using 'daur se gujarna'.

Uske gujar jane ki khabar ne poore shahar ko jhakjhor diya.

The news of his passing away shook the entire city.

Gerund phrase 'gujar jane ki khabar' acting as the subject.

Zindagi jin raaston se gujarti hai, unke nishan chhod jati hai.

The paths through which life passes, it leaves its marks behind.

Relative clause structure 'jin... unke'.

Waqt ka yeh be-raham dariya na jane kitni sabhyataon ke upar se gujar gaya.

This merciless river of time has passed over who knows how many civilizations.

Highly literary, personifying time as a merciless river.

Uske zehan se gujarte hue khayalat ko padhna namumkin tha.

It was impossible to read the thoughts passing through his mind.

Complex noun phrase with present participle 'gujarte hue khayalat'.

Ek arsa gujar gaya unse guftagu kiye hue.

An era has passed since having a conversation with them.

Advanced structure combining 'arsa gujar gaya' with a perfect participle 'kiye hue'.

Jin takleefon se vah gujra hai, unka andaza lagana bhi dushwar hai.

The hardships he has passed through, even estimating them is difficult.

Formal vocabulary ('dushwar', 'andaza') mixed with relative clauses.

Satta ke galiyaron se gujarti hui yeh file na jane kitne raaz dafan kiye hue hai.

This file, passing through the corridors of power, has buried who knows how many secrets.

Metaphorical use of 'galiyaron se gujarti hui' (passing through corridors).

Maut ek aisi dehleez hai jahan se har kisi ko gujarna hi padta hai.

Death is such a threshold from which everyone absolutely has to pass.

Philosophical statement using emphatic 'hi padta hai'.

Uske lafzon mein chhipi peeda mere dil ke aar-paar gujar gayi.

The pain hidden in his words passed right through my heart.

Intensified spatial metaphor 'aar-paar gujar gayi' (passed right through).

Guzarte waqt ke sath uski shakhsiyat mein ek thehrav aa gaya.

With passing time, a stillness came into his personality.

Using 'guzarte waqt' (passing time) as an adverbial phrase of time.

Colocaciones comunes

वक्त गुजरना (Waqt gujarna)

बुरे दौर से गुजरना (Bure daur se gujarna)

रास्ते से गुजरना (Raste se gujarna)

गुजर जाना (Gujar jana)

जिंदगी गुजरना (Zindagi gujarna)

पास से गुजरना (Paas se gujarna)

मुश्किल से गुजरना (Mushkil se gujarna)

तेजी से गुजरना (Tezi se gujarna)

ख्याल गुजरना (Khayal gujarna)

दिन गुजरना (Din gujarna)

Frases Comunes

कैसे गुजर रही है? (Kaise gujar rahi hai?)

वक्त ही नहीं गुजरता (Waqt hi nahi gujarta)

जो गुजर गया सो गुजर गया (Jo gujar gaya so gujar gaya)

गुजर-बसर करना (Gujar-basar karna)

बुरे वक्त से गुजरना (Bure waqt se gujarna)

आंखों के सामने से गुजरना (Aankhon ke samne se gujarna)

हवा का झोंका गुजरना (Hawa ka jhonka gujarna)

दिल से गुजरना (Dil se gujarna)

उम्र गुजर जाना (Umr gujar jana)

कठिनाई से गुजरना (Kathinai se gujarna)

Se confunde a menudo con

गुजरना vs पार करना (Paar karna)

Paar karna means to actively cross an obstacle (like a river or road). Gujarna means to simply pass by or through a place along a path.

गुजरना vs बीतना (Bitna)

Bitna is only used for the passing of time. Gujarna can be used for time, physical movement, and metaphorical phases.

गुजरना vs गुज़ारना (Guzarna - Transitive)

Notice the dot (z sound) and the long 'a' (guzArna). This is the transitive form meaning 'to spend' (time/life). It takes 'ne' in the past tense, unlike gujarna.

Modismos y expresiones

"पानी सिर से गुजर जाना (Paani sir se gujar jana)"

Things going beyond the limit of tolerance. Literally, water passing over the head.

Ab paani sir se gujar chuka hai, main aur bardasht nahi karunga. (Now things have gone beyond the limit, I won't tolerate it anymore.)

Informal/Idiomatic

"वक्त का पहिया गुजरना (Waqt ka pahiya gujarna)"

The wheel of time turning/passing.

Waqt ka pahiya gujarta rehta hai, koi use rok nahi sakta. (The wheel of time keeps turning, no one can stop it.)

Literary

"गले से न गुजरना (Gale se na gujarna)"

Unable to swallow (food or a bitter truth). Literally, not passing through the throat.

Uski jhoothi baatein mere gale se nahi gujartin. (I cannot swallow his lies.)

Informal

"दौर गुजर जाना (Daur gujar jana)"

An era passing away; times changing.

Vah daur gujar gaya jab log khat likhte the. (That era has passed when people used to write letters.)

Neutral

"दिमाग से गुजरना (Dimag se gujarna)"

To cross one's mind.

Yeh baat mere dimag se gujri hi nahi. (This thought didn't even cross my mind.)

Neutral

"मौत के मुंह से गुजरना (Maut ke munh se gujarna)"

To have a near-death experience. Literally, passing through the mouth of death.

Accident mein vah maut ke munh se gujar kar wapas aaya hai. (In the accident, he came back after passing through the mouth of death.)

Dramatic

"कसौटी से गुजरना (Kasauti se gujarna)"

To pass a test or trial.

Sacha dost har kasauti se gujarta hai. (A true friend passes every test.)

Formal

"नजरों से गुजरना (Nazron se gujarna)"

To be seen or reviewed by someone.

Yeh file boss ki nazron se gujar chuki hai. (This file has been reviewed by the boss.)

Formal/Office

"हदों से गुजर जाना (Hadon se gujar jana)"

To cross all limits.

Pyaar mein log aksar hadon se gujar jate hain. (In love, people often cross all limits.)

Poetic

"रात गुजरना (Raat gujarna)"

To spend the night / for the night to pass (often implies surviving a difficult night).

Bimari mein raat gujarna mushkil hota hai. (Passing the night during illness is difficult.)

Neutral

Fácil de confundir

गुजरना vs जाना (Jana)

Both involve movement.

Jana simply means 'to go' to a destination. Gujarna specifically means 'to pass by' or 'pass through' a place on the way to somewhere else.

Main dilli gaya (I went to Delhi) vs. Main dilli se gujra (I passed through Delhi).

गुजरना vs मरना (Marna)

Both can mean to die.

Marna is the direct, biological term for dying, often considered blunt. Gujar jana is the polite, respectful euphemism for passing away.

Kutta mar gaya (The dog died) vs. Dada ji gujar gaye (Grandfather passed away).

गुजरना vs काटना (Katna)

Both can be used for time.

Katna (to cut) is used colloquially for passing time with difficulty or boredom ('waqt katna'). Gujarna is more neutral or poetic for time passing.

Bimari mein din nahi katte (Days don't pass in sickness) vs. Din jaldi gujar gaye (Days passed quickly).

गुजरना vs छूटना (Chhutna)

Learners confuse passing by a place with leaving a place behind.

Chhutna means to be left behind or missed (like a train). Gujarna is the act of the subject moving past.

Meri train chhut gayi (I missed my train) vs. Train station se gujar gayi (The train passed by the station).

गुजरना vs चलना (Chalna)

Both relate to walking/moving.

Chalna focuses on the physical act of walking or moving. Gujarna focuses on the spatial relationship of moving past a specific point.

Main chal raha hoon (I am walking) vs. Main dukan se gujar raha hoon (I am passing by the shop).

Patrones de oraciones

[Subject] + [Place] + से (se) + गुजरता/गुजरती है।

Main park se gujarta hoon. (I pass by the park.)

[Subject] + [Place] + से (se) + गुजरा/गुजरी।

Vah dukan se gujri. (She passed by the shop.)

[Subject] + बुरे दौर से (bure daur se) + गुजर रहा है।

Ravi bure daur se gujar raha hai. (Ravi is passing through a bad phase.)

[Person] + गुजर गए (gujar gaye)।

Unke dada ji gujar gaye. (His grandfather passed away.)

जो गुजर गया सो गुजर गया।

Jo gujar gaya so gujar gaya, aage badho. (Let bygones be bygones, move forward.)

[Subject] + को (ko) + [Place/Phase] + से (se) + गुजरना पड़ेगा।

Humein is jungle se gujarna padega. (We will have to pass through this forest.)

[Subject] + से (se) + गुजरते हुए (gujarte hue) + [Action]।

Wahan se gujarte hue mainne ek ajeeb aawaz suni. (While passing from there, I heard a strange noise.)

वक्त (Waqt) + का (ka) + गुजरना (gujarna) + [Abstract concept]।

Waqt ka gujarna har zakhm bhar deta hai. (The passing of time heals every wound.)

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

Verbos

Adjetivos

Relacionado

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Cómo usarlo

frequency

Very High. It is one of the top 500 most used verbs in spoken and written Hindi.

Errores comunes

Mainne exam gujra. → Mainne exam paas kiya.
Learners directly translate 'pass' from English. Gujarna is intransitive and cannot take an object like 'exam'. Use the loan word 'paas karna' for tests.
Usne raste se gujra. → Vah raste se gujra.
Because it is an intransitive verb, the subject must not take the ergative marker 'ne' in the perfective past tense.
Main dukan gujra. → Main dukan se gujra.
You must use the postposition 'se' (from/through) after the noun to indicate the path or medium of passing.
Mera kutta gujar gaya. → Mera kutta mar gaya.
'Gujar jana' is a respectful euphemism reserved for humans. Using it for animals sounds unnatural and overly formal.
Mujhe namak gujarna. → Mujhe namak dena / pakdana.
Gujarna cannot be used for passing objects to another person. Use 'dena' (to give) or 'pakdana' (to hand over).

Consejos

No 'Ne' in Past Tense

Tattoo this rule in your brain: Gujarna is intransitive. Never say 'usne gujra' or 'mainne gujra'. Always use the simple subject: 'vah gujra', 'main gujra'.

Always pair with 'Se'

When mentioning the location you are passing, you must attach 'se' (from/through) to it. 'Dukan se gujarna', 'Jungle se gujarna'. Without 'se', the sentence breaks.

Time vs. Place

Remember that gujarna is a double-duty word. It works for physical movement ('raste se gujarna') and for time ('waqt gujarna'). Context will tell you which one it is.

Respectful Death

Never use 'marna' (to die) for someone's parents or respected figures. Always use 'gujar jana' (to pass away). It shows you understand Hindi cultural etiquette.

J vs Z sound

Don't stress over whether to say guJarna or guZarna. While Urdu speakers prefer the 'Z', the 'J' sound is standard across most of India. Both are correct.

Not for Exams

Do not translate 'I passed the test' using gujarna. Use 'paas karna'. Gujarna is only for physical passing, time, or phases.

Bura Daur

Memorize the phrase 'bure daur se gujarna' (to pass through a bad phase). It makes you sound highly empathetic and fluent when comforting a friend.

Catch the Compound

Listen carefully to the end of the sentence. 'Gujra' means passed by. 'Gujar GAYA' often means passed away. The auxiliary verb changes the meaning drastically.

Spelling in Devanagari

It is spelled गुजरना. If you want to be pedantic and show the Persian root, you can put a dot under the 'j' (गुज़रना), but it's not strictly necessary for learners.

When in doubt, use Jana

If you freeze and forget how to use gujarna in a complex sentence about movement, just use 'jana' (to go). It's less precise but grammatically safer for beginners.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Imagine a GOOSE (gujar) RUNNING (na) past you. The goose is passing by. 'Goose-run-na' sounds a bit like 'Gujarna'.

Asociación visual

Visualize a fast-moving train passing through a dark tunnel. The train is 'gujarna' through the mountain. Picture a clock with hands spinning wildly; time is 'gujarna'.

Word Web

Center: गुजरना (Gujarna - to pass) Top: वक्त (Waqt - time) -> time passing Right: रास्ता (Rasta - road) -> passing by a place Bottom: बुरा दौर (Bura daur - bad phase) -> passing through trouble Left: गुजर जाना (Gujar jana) -> passing away (death) Top-Right: से (Se - from/through) -> essential postposition Top-Left: बीतना (Bitna) -> synonym for time Bottom-Right: गुज़ारना (Guzarna) -> transitive form (to spend)

Desafío

Next time you are on a bus or train, look out the window at the buildings passing by and say to yourself, 'Main in imaraton ke paas se gujar raha hoon' (I am passing by these buildings).

Origen de la palabra

The word 'gujarnā' originates from the Persian verb 'guzashtan' (گذشتن), which means 'to pass' or 'to cross'. The present stem of this Persian verb is 'guzar' (گذر). When Persian heavily influenced the vocabulary of the Indian subcontinent during the medieval period, this root was adopted into Hindustani. It was then given the standard Hindi infinitive suffix '-nā' to become 'guzarnā' or 'gujarnā'.

Significado original: The original Persian meaning was primarily spatial, referring to crossing a physical boundary or passing through a place.

Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Western Iranian -> Persian (borrowed into Indo-Aryan -> Hindi/Urdu).

Contexto cultural

Always use 'gujar gaye' (plural/respectful form) when talking about the death of an elder or respected figure, e.g., 'Unke pitaji gujar gaye'. Never use 'gujra' (singular) for elders.

In English, 'to pass' can mean to succeed in an exam or to hand something to someone. In Hindi, 'gujarna' NEVER means these things. It only means physical passing, time passing, or dying.

The famous Hindi song 'Aane wala pal jane wala hai' (The coming moment is about to pass) perfectly captures the essence of time 'gujarna'. The phrase 'Jo gujar gaya so gujar gaya' is a common proverb equivalent to 'Let bygones be bygones'. Many classic Bollywood dialogues use 'bure daur se gujarna' to build sympathy for the protagonist.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Giving or receiving directions

mandir ke paas se gujarna
us raste se mat gujarna
bhid se gujarna
surang se gujarna

Talking about the passage of time

waqt gujar raha hai
din achha gujra
saal gujar gaye
waqt nahi gujarta

Discussing difficult life situations

bure daur se gujarna
mushkil waqt se gujarna
takleef se gujarna
pareshani se gujarna

Expressing condolences for a death

gujar gaye
unka gujar jana
kal raat gujar gaye
shanti se gujar gaye

Describing a journey or travel

gaon se gujarte hue
jungle se gujarna
pahaadon ke beech se gujarna
nadi ke kinare se gujarna

Inicios de conversación

"Tumhara weekend kaisa gujra? (How did your weekend pass?)"

"Kya tum kabhi is raste se gujre ho? (Have you ever passed by this road?)"

"Aaj kal waqt kaise gujar raha hai? (How is time passing these days?)"

"Jab tum wahan se gujre, to kya dekha? (When you passed by there, what did you see?)"

"Kya tumhe lagta hai ki yeh bura waqt jaldi gujar jayega? (Do you think this bad time will pass quickly?)"

Temas para diario

Describe a time when you had to pass through a difficult phase in life (bure daur se gujarna).

Write about a beautiful place you passed by during a recent journey.

How do you feel about the phrase 'time passes quickly' (waqt jaldi gujarta hai)? Do you agree?

Write a short story starting with 'Jab main us ghane jungle se gujar raha tha...' (When I was passing through that dense forest...).

Reflect on how you spend your free time when 'waqt nahi gujarta' (time doesn't pass).

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

No, this is a very common mistake. 'Gujarna' is strictly intransitive and cannot take a direct object like an exam. To say you passed an exam, you must use 'paas karna' (English loan word) or 'utteern hona' (formal Hindi). Example: 'Mainne exam paas kar liya'.

Because 'gujarna' is an intransitive verb. In Hindi, the ergative marker 'ne' (ने) is only used with transitive verbs in the perfective past tense. Since the action of passing does not transfer to a direct object, the subject remains in its base form. You must say 'Main gujra'.

When you are mentioning the place, phase, or object you are passing by or through, yes, 'se' is mandatory. It acts as the medium. 'Main raste SE gujra'. If you don't mention the place, you don't need it: 'Vah gujar gaya' (He passed by/away).

'Gujarna' (intransitive) means 'to pass'. 'Guzarna' (transitive causative) means 'to spend' (time or life). For example, 'Waqt gujarta hai' (Time passes), but 'Main waqt guzarta hoon' (I spend time). The transitive form takes 'ne' in the past tense: 'Mainne waqt guzara'.

Generally, yes. 'Gujar jana' is a respectful euphemism meaning 'to pass away'. It is used for humans to show respect. For animals or plants, the standard verb 'marna' (to die) or 'sukh jana' (to dry up) is used. Using 'gujar jana' for a pet is understandable but sounds overly anthropomorphic to native ears.

You can say 'Waqt bahut dheere gujar raha hai'. Alternatively, if you are bored and feel time isn't moving at all, a common idiom is 'Waqt hi nahi gujarta' (Time just doesn't pass).

Absolutely. You can say 'Train station se gujar rahi hai' (The train is passing by the station) or 'Gadi mere paas se gujri' (The car passed by me). It works perfectly for any moving entity.

It is a very common metaphorical phrase that translates to 'passing through a bad phase'. It is used to describe someone going through financial, emotional, or health-related difficulties. Example: 'Vah aaj kal bure daur se gujar raha hai'.

It is a neutral word, widely used in both formal and informal contexts. However, the compound 'gujar jana' for death leans towards formal/respectful. In highly formal Hindi, 'nidhan hona' might replace it for death, but 'gujarna' is acceptable everywhere.

No. Passing an object requires a transitive verb. You should use 'dena' (to give) or 'pakdana' (to hand over). Say 'Kripya namak dena' (Please give the salt), not 'namak gujarna'.

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Ponte a prueba 200 preguntas

writing

Write a sentence in Hindi saying 'I pass by the park.' (Assume masculine speaker)

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Use 'se' after park, and 'ta hoon' for masculine present tense.