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A1 noun #3,339 más común 10 min de lectura

配膳

haizen Top 3,339

Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos 配膳 en 30 segundos

Explicación 配膳 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'haizen' (配膳) means 'serving food' in a formal way. Think of it as 'putting the tray on the table.' You will see it most often in schools or if you go to a hospital. It is a noun, but you can add 'suru' to make it a verb: 'haizen suru' (to serve). In Japan, children do 'haizen' at school every day. They put on white hats and serve rice and soup to their friends. This is a very basic part of life in Japan. You might also see this word at a self-service restaurant. Look for a sign that says 'Haizen-guchi' (配膳口). That is where you pick up your food. It is a very useful word for eating out in Japan. Even if you don't say it often, recognizing it on signs will help you a lot. Just remember: Haizen = Food arriving at the table. It is like the word 'distribution' but only for meals. Don't worry about the difficult kanji (Chinese characters) yet; just focus on the sound 'haizen' and the meaning of 'serving food'.

At the A2 level, you should understand that 'haizen' (配膳) is a specific type of serving. It's not just handing someone a snack; it's the organized process of setting up a meal on a tray or table. You should learn the opposite word too: 'gezen' (下膳), which means clearing the table. At this level, you can use 'haizen' in simple sentences about jobs or school. For example, 'I have a part-time job serving meals' (配膳のアルバイトをしています). You might also start to notice the kanji. The first part 'Hai' (配) is the same as in 'haitatsu' (delivery). This helps you remember that it's about 'delivering' food to the table. In Japan, there are rules for how to serve food, like where the rice goes. This is all part of 'haizen'. If you work in a restaurant, your manager might tell you to 'haizen' quickly. It's a professional-sounding word. Using it instead of simple words like 'dasu' (to put out) makes you sound more polite and knowledgeable about Japanese work culture. Try to look for it on signs in cafeterias next time you are in Japan!

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As a B1 learner, you can use 'haizen' (配膳) to describe professional processes and cultural norms. You should be comfortable using it as a suru-verb (配膳する) and in compound nouns like 'haizen-sha' (meal cart) or 'haizen-gakari' (person in charge of serving). At this level, you should understand the context of Japanese 'shoku-iku' (food education), where 'haizen' is used to teach children etiquette and cooperation. You can explain the 'rules' of haizen, such as the placement of rice on the left and soup on the right. You should also be able to distinguish 'haizen' from 'moritsuke' (plating). While 'moritsuke' is the artistic arrangement of food on a single plate, 'haizen' is the logistical arrangement of those plates on the diner's table. This distinction is important for discussing hospitality or restaurant work. If you are writing a journal entry about your day at a Japanese school or hospital, 'haizen' is the most natural word to use for the meal service period. It shows you understand the formal structures of Japanese society.

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At the B2 level, you should appreciate the nuances of 'haizen' (配膳) in the context of Japanese 'omotenashi' (hospitality) and industrial automation. You can discuss how 'haizen' impacts customer satisfaction in the service industry. For example, 'efficient haizen' (効率的な配膳) is a key metric for restaurant management. You should also be familiar with the rise of 'haizen robots' (配膳ロボット) in Japan's labor-short economy. This allows you to talk about modern social issues using the word. Furthermore, you should understand the historical weight of the kanji 'Zen' (膳), which refers to the traditional individual trays used in the Edo period. This knowledge adds depth to your understanding of why the word is used in high-end Ryokan today. You can now use the word in more complex grammar structures, such as 'haizen no sai ni' (at the time of serving) or 'haizen wo okonau' (to conduct the serving). Your ability to use 'haizen' correctly in a business or formal setting demonstrates a high level of linguistic and cultural competence.

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For C1 learners, 'haizen' (配膳) is a tool for discussing the intersection of tradition, aesthetics, and modern logistics. You should be able to analyze the 'haizen' techniques used in Kaiseki cuisine, where the orientation of the bowl's pattern or the placement of seasonal garnishes is paramount. At this level, you can use the word to describe the 'choreography' of service in a high-end Ryotei. You might discuss the 'haizen-dou' (the way of serving) as a form of non-verbal communication between the host and the guest. You should also be able to read and understand technical manuals or academic papers that use 'haizen' in the context of clinical nutrition or hospitality management. For instance, how 'haizen' errors in a hospital can lead to medical complications. You can contrast 'haizen' with similar concepts in other cultures, such as 'table setting' or 'silver service,' noting the unique Japanese focus on the 'Zen' tray. Your vocabulary should include related formal terms like 'zen-bu' (the meal set) and 'shoku-zen' (before the meal/at the meal table).

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At the C2 level, 'haizen' (配膳) is a concept you can deconstruct in terms of its philosophical and historical significance. You can engage in deep discussions about how the transition from 'haizen' on individual trays (meimei-zen) to dining at a shared table (chabudai) changed Japanese family dynamics and social structures in the early 20th century. You should be able to use the word fluently in any context, from discussing the logistics of a mass-casualty disaster response where 'haizen' systems are critical, to critiquing a piece of literature where the 'haizen' of a meal symbolizes a character's social standing or state of mind. You understand the most obscure compound words and can identify 'haizen' in historical texts or classical poetry where 'zen' refers to the sophisticated culinary arts of the imperial court. Your command of the word allows you to use it metaphorically or in high-level business negotiations involving the food service and robotics industries. You are not just using a word; you are wielding a piece of Japanese cultural history.

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Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

配膳 en 30 segundos

Haizen means serving and arranging meals formally.
It is common in schools, hospitals, and restaurants.
The word implies organized distribution, not just casual serving.
The opposite action (clearing the table) is called 'gezen'.

The Japanese word 配膳 (はいぜん - haizen) is a formal and technical noun that describes the systematic act of arranging and serving meals. While in English we might simply say 'serving food,' haizen carries a nuance of organizational precision and ritual. It is composed of two kanji: 配 (hai), meaning to distribute or allocate, and 膳 (zen), which refers to a traditional four-legged meal tray or the meal itself. Together, they describe the process of taking prepared dishes from a kitchen and placing them correctly on a table or tray for a diner. This word is rarely used in casual home settings unless one is being humorous or very formal; instead, it is the standard term in professional environments such as hospitals, nursing homes, high-end traditional Japanese inns (ryokan), and school lunch programs.

Professional Context: In hospitals, haizen refers to the specific time and action when staff or automated carts deliver prescribed meals to patients' rooms.
Etymological Root: The 'zen' in haizen refers to the 'O-zen', the individual trays used before modern tables became common in Japan, highlighting the word's deep roots in traditional dining etiquette.

病院では、午前十一時半から夕食の配膳が始まります。
(In the hospital, the serving of meals begins at 11:30 AM.)

Understanding haizen requires looking at the logistics of Japanese hospitality. It isn't just about putting a plate down; it involves the 'right' way to place the rice (usually on the left) and the soup (usually on the right). This structured arrangement is the essence of haizen. In a school setting, students often take turns as the 配膳係 (haizen-gakari), the person in charge of serving, which helps teach responsibility and community service from a young age. When you hear this word, think of a structured environment where food is being moved from a point of preparation to a point of consumption in an organized manner.

セルフサービスのレストランでは、自分で配膳を行う必要があります。
(In self-service restaurants, you need to do the meal serving/arranging yourself.)

Cultural Nuance: The act of haizen is considered part of the 'omotenashi' (hospitality) spirit in high-end Japanese restaurants (Ryotei), where the server must not show the bottom of the tray to the guest.

In modern industrial settings, you might encounter 配膳ロボット (haizen robotto), which are the increasingly popular robotic servers found in family restaurants like Gusto or Saizeriya. These robots automate the haizen process, navigating through the restaurant to bring trays of food to specific tables. This shows how a traditional term has evolved to encompass cutting-edge technology. Whether it's a student in an apron, a nurse in a ward, or a robot in a cafe, the core action remains the same: the organized distribution of food to its final destination.

最新の配膳ロボットは、障害物を自動で避けることができます。
(The latest meal-serving robots can automatically avoid obstacles.)

Using 配膳 correctly involves understanding its grammatical flexibility as a 'suru-verb' and its role in compound nouns. In daily conversation, you might not use it to ask your spouse to put dinner on the table (you'd use dasu or naraberu), but in any organized or professional context, it is the indispensable choice. Here we explore various sentence structures and common pairings.

As a Verb (Suru): Example: 「料理を丁寧に配膳してください。」 (Please serve/arrange the food carefully.) Here, it functions as a direct instruction for the physical act of placement.
As a Compound Noun: Example: 「配膳車」 (Haizen-sha - Meal delivery cart). This is frequently used in medical and hospitality logistics.

ボランティアの方々が、高齢者施設で食事の配膳を手伝っています。
(Volunteers are helping with the serving of meals at the elderly care facility.)

When discussing the 'flow' of a kitchen or restaurant, haizen is often grouped with preparation and cleaning. A sentence like 「調理から配膳までの流れを効率化する」 (Streamlining the flow from cooking to serving) highlights its position in the service chain. It is also used to describe the etiquette of placement. For instance, in a traditional tea ceremony or a formal dinner, the haizen must follow strict rules regarding the orientation of the bowls and chopsticks.

和食の配膳には、左にご飯、右に汁物という決まりがあります。
(In Japanese meal arrangement, there is a rule to place rice on the left and soup on the right.)

Furthermore, haizen appears in job descriptions. A 'haizen staff' member is specifically responsible for bringing food and clearing dishes, distinct from the 'hall staff' who might take orders or the 'kitchen staff' who cook. This specificity makes it a vital word for anyone looking to work in Japan's service industry. Even in the context of a disaster relief center, haizen is used to describe the organized distribution of bento boxes to those in need, emphasizing the 'distribution' aspect of the kanji 配.

彼はレストランで配膳のアルバイトをしています。
(He is doing a part-time job serving meals at a restaurant.)

Formal Instruction: 「お客様をお待たせしないよう、迅速に配膳を行ってください。」 (Please serve the meals quickly so as not to keep the customers waiting.)

Finally, note the use of haizen in technical manuals for nursing. It often refers to checking the 'haizen-hyo' (serving list) to ensure each patient receives the correct dietary requirements (e.g., low salt or soft food). In this context, haizen is a matter of safety and health, not just service.

If you are visiting Japan as a tourist, you are most likely to see the word 配膳 rather than hear it in casual banter. However, in specific environments, it is the primary term used. Let's look at the three most common places where this word lives.

1. The Hospital or Nursing Home: In Japanese hospitals, the 'haizen' time is a major event in the daily schedule. You will hear nurses say, 「配膳の時間ですよ」 (It's meal serving time). The 'haizen-sha' (the heated/cooled meal cart) is a common sight in the hallways. Because hospital meals are part of the medical treatment, the 'haizen' process is strictly controlled and documented.

病院の廊下で配膳車が通る音が聞こえます。
(You can hear the sound of the meal cart passing in the hospital hallway.)

2. The School Cafeteria (Kyousoku): In Japanese elementary and junior high schools, students eat in their classrooms. A small group of students, the 'haizen-gakari' (serving monitors), wear white caps, masks, and aprons to serve their classmates. Teachers will use the word haizen to instruct students on how to distribute the food fairly and safely. It's a foundational part of Japanese 'shoku-iku' (food education).

小学校では、子供たちが交代で配膳を担当します。
(In elementary schools, children take turns being in charge of serving meals.)

3. Professional Kitchens and Ryokan: In the 'back of house' of a restaurant or a traditional inn, the staff uses haizen to coordinate. When a multi-course Kaiseki meal is prepared, the head chef might shout, 「配膳急いで！」 (Hurry with the serving!) to ensure the food reaches the guest at the perfect temperature. In these settings, haizen is a high-pressure, high-skill task that involves aesthetic plate placement.

旅館の仲居さんは、美しい所作で配膳を行います。
(The Nakai-san at the inn serves the meals with beautiful movements.)

Finally, you will see this word on signs in university cafeterias or company canteens. A sign saying 「配膳口」 (Haizen-guchi) marks the window where you pick up your food, while 「下膳口」 (Gezen-guchi) is where you return your tray. Learning these two words together is extremely practical for anyone living or traveling in Japan, as it helps you navigate self-service areas without confusion.

Even though 配膳 seems straightforward, learners often make mistakes regarding its formality, scope, and direction. Because it's a technical term, using it in the wrong context can make you sound like a textbook or a hospital administrator rather than a friend.

Mistake 1: Using it in casual home settings: If you say to your Japanese roommate, 「夕食を配膳して」 (Haizen the dinner), they will likely laugh. It sounds like you're treating your home like a hospital ward. Instead, use 準備して (junbi shite - prepare) or 並べて (narabete - line up/set out).
Mistake 2: Confusing Haizen with Cooking: Haizen only happens after the food is cooked. It is the bridge between the stove and the table. Don't use it to describe the whole process of making a meal. That would be ryouri or chouri.

❌ 料理を配膳するのが好きです。(Meaning you like cooking)
✅ 料理を作るのが好きです。(I like making food.)
(Haizen implies the logistical task of serving, not the creative task of cooking.)

Another common error is the confusion with serving in a sports context. In English, we 'serve' in tennis or volleyball. In Japanese, this is always saabu (サーブ). Never use haizen for sports! Similarly, 'serving' a customer in a retail shop (helping them find clothes) is sekkyaku (接客), not haizen. Haizen is strictly limited to the physical movement of food on trays/tables.

❌ テニスで配膳する。
✅ テニスでサーブする。
(Using haizen for sports is a major 'lost in translation' error.)

Finally, learners sometimes forget that haizen is a 'one-way' word. It means bringing the food to the table. If you are taking the empty plates away, you must switch to gezen (下膳). In a restaurant job, if your boss tells you to 'haizen', and you start clearing dirty tables, you've misunderstood the direction of the task. Remember: Hai (配) goes out, Ge (下) brings it back down/away.

Japanese has many words for 'serving' or 'arranging' food, each with a specific level of formality and context. Knowing when to swap 配膳 for a synonym will make your Japanese sound much more natural.

給仕 (きゅうじ - Kyuuji): This is an older, more traditional term for 'waiting on' someone. It implies a personal service, like a butler or a maid serving a meal. While haizen is about the tray, kyuuji is about the person being served.
サーブ (Saabu): The loanword from English. It is used in Western-style restaurants or cafes. You'd say, 「スープをサーブする」 (Serve the soup). It feels more modern and casual than haizen.
盛り付け (もりつけ - Moritsuke): This refers to the plating or 'food presentation' on the dish itself. Moritsuke happens in the kitchen; haizen happens between the kitchen and the table.

料理の盛り付けがとても綺麗ですね。
(The plating of the food is very beautiful, isn't it?)

When comparing haizen and kyuushoku (給食), remember that kyuushoku is the noun for the 'school lunch' itself or the 'provision of meals' as a system. Haizen is just one part of the kyuushoku process. If you are in a casual setting like a BBQ, you would use kubaru (配る - to hand out) to describe giving plates to your friends. Haizen would sound far too stiff there.

お皿をみんなに配ってください。
(Please hand out the plates to everyone.)

In summary, choose haizen for formal service, hospital logistics, or school duties. Choose saabu for Western cafes, moritsuke for artistic plating, and kubaru for casual distribution. This distinction shows you have a deep grasp of Japanese social registers and contexts.

How Formal Is It?

Dato curioso

The 'Zen' in haizen is the same character used for 'O-zen', the traditional four-legged tray that served as a table for one person before Western-style tables were introduced.

Guía de pronunciación

UK haɪ.zen

US haɪ.zɛn

Japanese has pitch accent rather than stress. 'Haizen' typically has a Low-High-High pattern (Heiban style).

Rima con

Kaizen (Improvement) Saizen (The best) Taisen (Great war) Gaisen (Triumphal return) Kaisen (Start of war) Haisen (Defeat) Raisen (Thunderbolt) Saisen (Offertory)

Errores comunes

Pronouncing 'hai' like 'hay'. It should be 'high'.
Treating 'zen' like 'then'. It must be a clear 'z' sound.
Over-stressing the first syllable.
Mixing up with 'haisen' (defeat in war).
Failing to pronounce the 'n' clearly at the end.

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 4/5

The kanji 'Zen' (膳) is complex (N1 level), but the word is common in daily life.

Escritura 5/5

Writing '膳' from memory is difficult for most learners.

Expresión oral 2/5

Pronunciation is easy and phonetic.

Escucha 2/5

Clear sound, though can be confused with 'haisen' if not careful.

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

ご飯 (Rice) 料理 (Cooking) 出す (To put out) 準備 (Preparation) 配る (To distribute)

Aprende después

下膳 (Clearing table) 給食 (School lunch) 接客 (Customer service) 献立 (Menu/Meal plan) 食器 (Tableware)

Avanzado

懐石 (Kaiseki) おもてなし (Hospitality) 箸法 (Chopstick etiquette) 膳部 (Meal department) 供応 (Entertainment/Treating)

Gramática que debes saber

Suru-verbs

配膳する (To serve)

Noun + No + Noun (Compound)

配膳の準備 (Preparation for serving)

Passive Voice

料理が配膳される (The food is served)

Potential Form

一人で配膳できる (Can serve by oneself)

Humble/Honorific forms

配膳させていただきます (I will take the liberty of serving)

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Ejemplos por nivel

ごはんを配膳します。

I serve the rice.

Basic noun + particle + verb structure.

配膳を手伝ってください。

Please help with serving the meal.

Using 'te-kudasai' for a request.

ここは配膳口です。

This is the serving window.

Compound noun 'haizen-guchi'.

子供たちが配膳をします。

The children do the serving.

Noun as a direct object.

きれいに配膳しました。

I served it beautifully.

Adverb + verb (past tense).

配膳の時間は何時ですか？

What time is the meal serving?

Asking for a specific time.

お盆を使って配膳します。

I serve using a tray.

Using 'wo tsukatte' to show means.

配膳は楽しいです。

Serving meals is fun.

Stating a feeling about the action.

レストランで配膳のバイトをしています。

I'm doing a part-time job serving meals at a restaurant.

Noun + no + baito (part-time job).

配膳車が来ましたよ。

The meal cart has arrived.

Compound noun 'haizen-sha'.

お箸も一緒に配膳してください。

Please serve the chopsticks as well.

Using 'mo' for 'also'.

配膳のルールを覚えましょう。

Let's learn the rules of serving.

Using 'mashou' for 'let's'.

彼は配膳がとても速いです。

He is very fast at serving.

Topic + ga + adjective.

お弁当の配膳を手伝いました。

I helped with serving the bento boxes.

Specific object + no + haizen.

配膳が終わったら、食べてください。

When the serving is finished, please eat.

Using 'tara' for 'when/if'.

ロボットが配膳を行っています。

A robot is performing the meal serving.

Using 'wo okonau' (formal 'to do').

給食の配膳係は、清潔な服を着る必要があります。

The school lunch servers need to wear clean clothes.

Compound noun 'haizen-gakari' (person in charge).

配膳の際に、ご飯の位置を間違えないでください。

When serving, please don't mistake the position of the rice.

Using 'no sai ni' (formal 'when').

この病院では、一日に三回配膳が行われます。

In this hospital, meal serving is carried out three times a day.

Passive form 'okonawareru'.

配膳ロボットの導入により、人手不足が解消されました。

With the introduction of serving robots, the labor shortage was solved.

Using 'ni yori' to show cause/means.

彼は配膳のプロとして、完璧な動きを見せた。

As a professional server, he showed perfect movements.

Using 'toshite' (as a...).

温かいものは、温かいうちに配膳するのが基本です。

It is a basic rule to serve hot things while they are still hot.

Using 'uchi ni' (while still).

お客様の右側から配膳するように教育されました。

I was trained to serve from the customer's right side.

Using 'you ni' to show purpose/manner.

配膳室には関係者以外入らないでください。

Please do not enter the meal preparation/serving room unless authorized.

Compound noun 'haizen-shitsu'.

効率的な配膳ルートを確保することが、店の回転率を上げる鍵だ。

Securing an efficient serving route is the key to increasing the restaurant's turnover rate.

Complex noun phrase as a subject.

旅館の配膳は、単なる作業ではなく、おもてなしの表現である。

Serving meals at an inn is not just a task, but an expression of hospitality.

Using 'de wa naku' (not A, but B).

配膳ミスを防ぐために、チェックリストを活用しています。

We use checklists to prevent serving mistakes.

Using 'tame ni' to show purpose.

震災時、避難所での配膳は混乱を極めた。

During the earthquake disaster, meal distribution at the shelters was extremely chaotic.

Using 'wo kiwameta' (reached the peak of...).

最新の配膳システムは、AIによって最適化されている。

The latest serving systems are optimized by AI.

Passive voice with 'ni yotte'.

配膳のタイミングを計るのは、非常に難しい技術だ。

Judging the timing for serving is a very difficult skill.

Using 'no wo hakaru' (to time/judge).

セルフサービス形式を導入し、配膳の手間を省くことにした。

We decided to introduce a self-service format to save the trouble of serving.

Using 'koto ni shita' (decided to).

配膳の美しさが、料理の味をさらに引き立てる。

The beauty of the serving further enhances the taste of the food.

Using 'hikitate-ru' (to enhance).

懐石料理における配膳の順序は、茶道の精神に基づいている。

The order of serving in Kaiseki cuisine is based on the spirit of the tea ceremony.

Using 'ni motozuite-iru' (based on).

配膳の際、器の正面を客に向けるのが礼儀とされる。

When serving, it is considered polite to face the front of the vessel toward the guest.

Using 'to sareru' (it is considered/said that).

高度な配膳スキルを持つスタッフは、高級料亭では重宝される。

Staff with high-level serving skills are highly valued in high-end traditional restaurants.

Using 'juuhou sareru' (to be valued/prized).

配膳業務の自動化は、飲食業界におけるDXの重要な一環だ。

The automation of serving tasks is an important part of Digital Transformation (DX) in the food industry.

Using 'ikkan' (a part/link in a chain).

配膳の乱れは、その施設の管理体制の甘さを象徴している。

Disorder in meal serving symbolizes a lack of strictness in the facility's management system.

Using 'shouchou shite-iru' (to symbolize).

彼は、配膳の所作一つ一つに魂を込めている。

He puts his soul into every single movement of the serving process.

Using 'tamashii wo komeru' (to put one's soul into).

配膳から下膳に至るまで、完璧なサービスを提供しなければならない。

From serving to clearing, perfect service must be provided.

Using 'kara... ni itaru made' (from... all the way to...).

文化人類学的な視点から、日本の配膳文化を考察する。

Analyze Japanese serving culture from a cultural anthropological perspective.

Using 'kousatsu suru' (to consider/analyze).

明治期の食文化の変遷を辿ると、配膳の形式が個別の膳から共同の食卓へと移行したことが分かる。

Tracing the transition of food culture in the Meiji period, we can see that the form of serving shifted from individual trays to a shared dining table.

Complex historical analysis sentence.

配膳の美学は、余白の美を重んずる日本画の構図にも通じるものがある。

The aesthetics of serving share commonalities with the composition of Japanese paintings that value the beauty of empty space.

Using 'ni tsuujiru mono ga aru' (to have something in common with).

接客の極致は、客が配膳されていることすら意識させない、自然な振る舞いにある。

The height of hospitality lies in natural behavior that makes the guest unaware that they are even being served.

Using 'kyokuchi' (the zenith/height).

配膳という行為は、単なる栄養の供給を超え、共同体における役割分担を再確認させる儀式でもある。

The act of serving meals transcends mere nutrition supply; it is also a ritual that reconfirms the division of roles within a community.

Using 'wo koe' (transcending).

ロボティクス技術の粋を集めた配膳システムが、未曾有の労働力不足に対する福音となるか。

Will serving systems, which gather the best of robotics technology, become a godsend for the unprecedented labor shortage?

Using 'sui wo atsumeta' (gathering the best of).

配膳の作法が簡略化される現代において、伝統的な形式を継承することの意義を問う。

In the modern age where serving etiquette is being simplified, we question the significance of inheriting traditional forms.

Using 'igi wo tou' (to question the significance).

禅寺における配膳は、修行の一環として厳格な沈黙と秩序の中で遂行される。

In Zen temples, serving meals is carried out as part of ascetic training within strict silence and order.

Using 'suikou sareru' (to be carried out/executed).

配膳の不手際が招いた一連のクレームは、ブランドイメージに深刻な打撃を与えた。

The series of complaints caused by clumsy serving dealt a serious blow to the brand image.

Using 'maneita' (caused/brought about).

Sinónimos

膳立て盛り付け給仕供食給食

Antónimos

下膳片付け

Colocaciones comunes

配膳車

配膳ロボット

配膳係

配膳口

迅速に配膳する

丁寧に配膳する

配膳のマナー

配膳を自動化する

配膳室

配膳スタッフ

Frases Comunes

配膳の時間

— The scheduled time for serving meals. Used in hospitals and schools.

配膳の時間に遅れないようにしてください。

配膳の準備

— Getting ready to serve the food. Includes checking trays and lists.

配膳の準備が整いました。

セルフ配膳

— Self-service meal arrangement. Common in modern cafeterias.

この店はセルフ配膳スタイルです。

配膳ミス

— A mistake in serving food (wrong dish or wrong person).

配膳ミスを減らすための対策を考える。

配膳台

— A table or counter specifically for placing trays during service.

配膳台の上に料理を並べる。

配膳ルート

— The path taken to deliver meals efficiently.

最短の配膳ルートを確認する。

配膳のしきたり

— Traditional customs or rules regarding how food is served.

その地域特有の配膳のしきたりがある。

配膳トレイ

— The tray used for serving meals.

配膳トレイを清潔に保つ。

配膳業務

— The job or task of serving meals.

配膳業務を効率化するシステム。

配膳の流れ

— The sequence of actions involved in serving food.

配膳の流れをマニュアル化する。

Se confunde a menudo con

配膳 vs 敗戦 (Haisen)

Means 'defeat in war'. Pronounced with an 'S' instead of 'Z'.

配膳 vs 配線 (Haisen)

Means 'electrical wiring'. Also pronounced with an 'S'.

配膳 vs 廃膳 (Haisen)

Not a common word, but could be mistaken for 'discarding a meal'.

Modismos y expresiones

"膳を並べる"

— To set the table for a feast. Implies preparing a grand meal.

豪華な膳を並べて客を迎える。

Formal

"お膳立てができる"

— Everything is ready/prepared for a final action. Often used metaphorically.

計画のお膳立てがすべて整った。

Common

"箸の上げ下ろし"

— The most minute details of one's manners at the table (often used with 'haizen').

配膳のマナーだけでなく、箸の上げ下ろしにも気をつける。

Formal

"同じ釜の飯を食う"

— To share a meal (distributed via haizen) and form a bond.

彼とは同じ釜の飯を食った仲だ。

Casual

"毒を食らわば皿まで"

— If you're going to eat something served, eat the whole thing (finish what you started).

毒を食らわば皿まで、この仕事を最後までやり遂げよう。

Literary

"左団扇で暮らす"

— To live a life of luxury where food is always served (haizen) without effort.

宝くじに当たって、左団扇で暮らしたい。

Common

"腹八分目に医者いらず"

— Eating only 80% of what is served (haizen) keeps the doctor away.

健康のために、腹八分目を心がけている。

Proverb

"嘘も方便"

— Sometimes a lie is a necessary means (like serving/haizen food to a sick person).

彼を安心させるために、嘘も方便で「大丈夫」と言った。

Common

"花より団子"

— Preferring the food served (haizen) over the beauty of the flowers.

お花見に来たけど、私は花より団子だ。

Common

"棚からぼたもち"

— A lucky windfall (like a sweet being served to you unexpectedly).

思いがけない昇進は、まさに棚からぼたもちだった。

Common

Fácil de confundir

配膳 vs 給食

Both relate to school/institutional meals.

Kyuushoku is the whole meal system; Haizen is just the act of serving.

給食の時間に配膳をする。

配膳 vs 盛り付け

Both involve arranging food.

Moritsuke is arranging food on a plate; Haizen is arranging the plates on the table.

盛り付けた後、テーブルに配膳する。

配膳 vs 提供

Both mean 'providing' food.

Teikyou is a broad business term (offering); Haizen is the physical act of serving.

サービスを提供し、料理を配膳する。

配膳 vs 接客

Both involve restaurant work.

Sekkyaku is general customer service; Haizen is specifically about moving the food.

接客の一環として配膳を行う。

配膳 vs 下膳

They use the same 'Zen' kanji.

Haizen is serving; Gezen is clearing away.

配膳が終わったら、後で下膳する。

Patrones de oraciones

[N]を配膳します。

パンを配膳します。

[Place]で配膳のバイトをする。

ホテルで配膳のバイトをする。

[Time]から配膳が始まる。

12時から配膳が始まる。

[Person]が配膳を担当する。

私が配膳を担当します。

[Method]で配膳を効率化する。

ロボットで配膳を効率化する。

配膳の際に[Caution]。

配膳の際に、火傷に注意してください。

配膳の所作が[Adjective]。

配膳の所作が非常に優雅だ。

配膳の形式が[Change]へと移行した。

配膳の形式が伝統的なものから簡略化されたものへと移行した。

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

配膳者 (Server)

配膳室 (Serving room)

配膳車 (Meal cart)

配膳係 (Service monitor)

Verbos

配膳する (To serve meals)

配膳し直す (To re-serve/re-arrange)

Adjetivos

配膳済みの (Already served)

配膳前の (Pre-serving)

Relacionado

下膳 (Clearing tables)

膳 (Tray/Meal)

給食 (School lunch)

提供 (Provision)

盛り付け (Plating)

Regístrate gratis para ver todos los ejemplos

Cómo usarlo

frequency

High in specific domains (medical, education, hospitality), low in casual daily conversation.

Errores comunes

Using haizen for tennis serves. → サーブ (Saabu)
Haizen is only for meals. Sports 'serves' use the loanword 'saabu'.
Saying 'Haizen' to mean 'Cooking'. → 料理 (Ryouri) or 調理 (Chouri)
Haizen happens after the cooking is done. It is the act of serving, not making.
Using haizen for clearing dishes. → 下膳 (Gezen)
Haizen is 'outward' (to the table). Gezen is 'inward' (to the kitchen).
Using haizen in a casual family setting. → 並べる (Naraberu) or 準備する (Junbi suru)
It sounds too clinical or formal for a relaxed home environment.
Confusing 'Haizen' with 'Haisen' (wiring). → 配膳 (Haizen)
The 'Z' sound is crucial. 'Haisen' (with an S) means electrical wiring or defeat.

Consejos

The Left-Rice Rule

Always place the rice bowl on the left side of the tray during haizen. This is a fundamental rule of Japanese table setting.

Learn with Gezen

Always learn 'Haizen' (serving) and 'Gezen' (clearing) together. They are the two halves of meal service.

Hospital Usage

In a hospital context, haizen implies checking the patient's name and diet type. It’s about safety as much as service.

Compound Power

Haizen often forms compounds. 'Haizen-sha' (cart) and 'Haizen-shitsu' (room) are essential words for facility management.

The 'Hai' Connection

Remember 'Hai' from 'Haitatsu' (Delivery). Haizen is just 'Meal Delivery' to the table.

Robot Talk

If you see a robot in a restaurant, it's a 'haizen robotto.' This is a great way to remember the word in a modern context.

School Memories

Mentioning 'haizen-gakari' (serving monitor) is a great conversation starter with Japanese people about their school days.

Ryokan Style

In a Ryokan, the server will often kneel to perform the haizen. This is the peak of formal haizen etiquette.

The Tray Symbol

The kanji 膳 (Zen) literally represents a tray with food. Visualizing the tray helps you remember the word's scope.

Temperature Control

A key part of professional haizen is ensuring the food is the right temperature when it reaches the table.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Imagine a 'High' (Hai) person sitting in a 'Zen' (Zen) garden being served a tray of sushi.

Asociación visual

Picture a cat-eared robot carrying a tray of ramen in a Japanese family restaurant.

Word Web

Restaurant Hospital Tray Robot School Etiquette Rice on left Soup on right

Desafío

Try to identify '配膳' on a menu or sign in a Japanese cafeteria. Then, practice saying 'Haizen-guchi' when you pick up your food.

Origen de la palabra

Composed of Middle Chinese-derived kanji. 'Hai' (配) means to distribute, and 'Zen' (膳) means a small table or meal.

Significado original: Distributing meals on individual small tables.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

Contexto cultural

Be careful with 'haizen' in hospitals; it's a critical task because of dietary restrictions (allergies/illness).

English speakers might just say 'serving,' but 'haizen' is more like 'table setting and service' combined.

Japanese school lunch documentaries (often show kids doing haizen). Hospital dramas like 'Doctor X' (mentioning meal service times). News reports on 'BellaBot' (the famous haizen robot).

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Hospital

配膳の時間です
配膳車を通します
配膳ミスに注意
個別配膳

School

配膳係の仕事
静かに配膳する
全員に配膳する
配膳が終わるまで待つ

Restaurant

配膳スタッフ募集
迅速な配膳
配膳ロボット導入
配膳の手順

Ryokan (Inn)

お部屋で配膳
美しい配膳
配膳のマナー
朝食の配膳

Cafeteria

配膳口はこちら
セルフ配膳
配膳トレイを持って並ぶ
配膳が終わったら席へ

Inicios de conversación

"「配膳の手伝いをしましょうか？」 (Shall I help with the serving?)"

"「このレストラン、配膳ロボットがいるんですね！」 (This restaurant has serving robots, doesn't it?)"

"「小学校の時、配膳係は好きでしたか？」 (When you were in elementary school, did you like being the server?)"

"「病院の配膳時間は何時か知っていますか？」 (Do you know what time the hospital meal serving is?)"

"「和食の配膳のルール、難しいですよね。」 (The rules for serving Japanese food are difficult, aren't they?)"

Temas para diario

今日、初めて配膳ロボットを見ました。どんな感じだったか書いてください。 (Today, I saw a serving robot for the first time. Write about how it was.)

もしあなたがレストランで働くなら、配膳と調理、どちらがいいですか？理由も。 (If you worked in a restaurant, would you prefer serving or cooking? Why?)

日本の学校の配膳文化についてどう思いますか？自分の国と比べてください。 (What do you think of Japan's school serving culture? Compare it to your country.)

「美しい配膳」とは何だと思いますか？あなたの意見を書いてください。 (What do you think 'beautiful serving' is? Write your opinion.)

配膳のミスをしてしまった時のシチュエーションを想像して、日記を書いてください。 (Imagine a situation where you made a serving mistake and write a diary entry.)

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

It's best to avoid it in casual home settings as it sounds too robotic or formal. Use 'naraberu' (line up) or 'dasu' (put out) instead. However, if you're hosting a very formal dinner party, you might use it to describe the setup.

It is both. As a noun, it means 'meal serving.' By adding 'suru,' it becomes a verb meaning 'to serve/arrange a meal.' For example: 'Haizen wo suru' or 'Haizen-suru'.

It is an autonomous robot used in restaurants to deliver food to tables. They are very common in Japan now and are often called 'haizen robotto' in Japanese.

Focus on 'Hai' (配) meaning 'distribute' (like in 'haitatsu' - delivery). The second kanji 'Zen' (膳) has the 'meat' radical on the left and a part that looks like a table/tray. Think of distributing meat on a tray.

Yes, especially in traditional Japanese inns (Ryokan) where meals are served in the guest's room. The staff (Nakai-san) performs the 'haizen' with great care.

'Haizen' is the traditional/technical Japanese term, while 'saabu' is the loanword from 'serve.' 'Saabu' is more common in Western-style cafes, while 'haizen' is used in hospitals, schools, and traditional settings.

It is the window or counter in a cafeteria where you receive your food tray. You'll often see this sign in university or company dining halls.

Yes! In Japanese public schools, there is no cafeteria staff that serves the kids. The children take turns being the 'haizen-gakari' and serve their peers in the classroom.

Yes, in a professional context, you can say 'O-haizen' to make it more polite, or use 'haizen sasete itadakimasu' (allow me to serve the meal).

In Japanese culture, the placement reflects traditional etiquette. Rice (the staple) goes on the left, and soup goes on the right. Misplacing them can be seen as a lack of education or even a bad omen.

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