冗杂 en 30 segundos
- Overly complex and filled with unnecessary details or steps.
- Implies inefficiency and difficulty in understanding due to excess.
- Used for texts, processes, systems, or explanations.
- Critiques redundancy and convoluted structures.
Understanding "冗杂" (rǒng zá)
- Core Meaning
- The word 冗杂 (rǒng zá) describes something that is excessively complicated, redundant, or convoluted, often to the point of being unnecessary or hindering clarity. It implies a burden of excessive elements, making a process, text, or situation difficult to navigate or understand.
- Contextual Usage
- It's frequently used to critique written materials, such as reports, manuals, or even legal documents, that are filled with superfluous information or overly complex sentence structures. It can also apply to bureaucratic processes, technical explanations, or any system that has become unwieldy due to too many unnecessary parts or steps. Think of it as a tangle of information or procedures that could be streamlined.
- When to Use It
- You would use 冗杂 when you encounter something that is:
- Filled with unnecessary repetition or information.
- Overly complicated in its structure or explanation.
- Difficult to understand due to its complexity.
- Inefficient because of too many steps or components.
- Examples in Use
这份报告的内容过于冗杂，需要大幅删减才能抓住重点。
改进这个工作流程，去除那些冗杂的步骤，提高效率。
他解释问题的思路非常冗杂，让人听得云里雾里。
Crafting Sentences with "冗杂"
- Describing Written Content
- One of the most common uses of 冗杂 is to critique text that is poorly structured or contains too much unnecessary information. This could be a formal report, a lengthy email, or even a novel that feels bloated. The key is that the complexity or redundancy hinders the reader's understanding or enjoyment.
- Critiquing Processes and Systems
- Beyond text, 冗杂 is excellent for describing inefficient systems, procedures, or even organizational structures. If a process has too many steps, too many approvals, or too much red tape, it can be described as 冗杂. This often implies a need for simplification and optimization.
- Describing Complex Explanations or Logic
- When someone explains something in a way that is overly complicated, convoluted, or includes irrelevant details, their explanation can be called 冗杂. It suggests that the speaker is not being direct or clear, making it hard for the listener to grasp the main point.
The technical manual was so 冗杂 that it took me hours to find the simple instruction I needed.
为了让文章更精炼，我们必须删除那些冗杂的描述。
The company's onboarding process felt incredibly 冗杂, with endless forms and meetings.
我们需要简化这个申请流程，避免冗杂的环节。
His explanation of the new software was so 冗杂 that I still don't understand how it works.
请用更简洁的方式解释，避免冗杂的术语。
Real-World Applications of "冗杂"
- Academic and Professional Settings
- In universities and workplaces, 冗杂 is a common adjective used in feedback. Professors might comment on 冗杂 sentences in student essays, or managers might point out 冗杂 procedures in project workflows. It's a polite yet critical way to suggest that something needs to be made more concise and efficient. You'll hear it in discussions about report writing, process improvement, and the clarity of documentation.
- Bureaucratic and Administrative Contexts
- Government agencies, large corporations, and any organization with complex administrative structures are fertile ground for 冗杂. Think of filling out forms with redundant questions, navigating multi-layered approval processes, or dealing with convoluted regulations. People often complain about the 冗杂 nature of bureaucracy, wishing for simpler, more direct methods.
- Technical and Legal Fields
- Technical manuals, software documentation, and legal contracts are often criticized for being 冗杂. The specialized language and detailed requirements can make them difficult for the average person to understand. Experts in these fields might use 冗杂 to describe overly complex code, lengthy legal clauses, or intricate technical specifications that could be simplified without losing essential meaning.
The reviewer noted that the manuscript contained 冗杂 historical background that could be condensed.
我们收到了关于产品说明书冗杂的客户反馈。
Navigating the visa application process felt incredibly 冗杂, with a mountain of paperwork.
申请贷款的手续太冗杂了，让人望而却步。
The legal jargon in the contract made it 冗杂 and hard to comprehend.
软件的API文档写得有些冗杂，不易于初学者阅读。
Avoiding Pitfalls with "冗杂"
- Confusing with Simplicity
- A common mistake is to use 冗杂 when something is merely detailed or comprehensive. 冗杂 specifically implies *excessive* complexity or redundancy, to the point where it's detrimental. A detailed report that is well-organized and clear is not 冗杂. A report that repeats information unnecessarily or uses convoluted language to state simple facts *is* 冗杂.
- Using it for Simple Complexity
- 冗杂 implies a burden of unnecessary elements. If something is simply difficult to understand due to its inherent complexity (like quantum physics for a beginner), but not necessarily filled with redundant or superfluous parts, 冗杂 might not be the best fit. However, if the explanation of quantum physics is *made* unnecessarily complicated with irrelevant tangents and jargon, then it could be described as 冗杂.
- Overuse in Casual Speech
- While 冗杂 is a useful word, it carries a critical tone. Using it too frequently in casual conversation for minor inconveniences might sound overly harsh or pedantic. It's best reserved for situations where there is a genuine issue of excessive complexity or redundancy that hinders understanding or efficiency.
- Ignoring the 'Excessive' Aspect
- The core of 冗杂 lies in the 'excess.' It's not just complex; it's *unnecessarily* complex or redundant. If something is complex but necessary for completeness or accuracy, it's not 冗杂. For example, a detailed scientific paper might be complex, but if every detail is essential to its argument, it's not 冗杂. However, if the same paper includes sections that repeat findings without adding new information, those sections are 冗杂.
Incorrect: This detailed explanation is too 冗杂.
Correct: This explanation is detailed but clear.
Correct: The report's numerous appendices make it 冗杂.
Incorrect: The concept of black holes is too 冗杂.
Correct: The textbook's explanation of black holes is 冗杂 due to its convoluted phrasing.
Incorrect: My coffee order was too 冗杂.
Correct: The bureaucratic paperwork for my new job was 冗杂.
Incorrect: This recipe is 冗杂.
Correct: The instructions for assembling this furniture are 冗杂; they could be much simpler.
Nuances and Alternatives to "冗杂"
- Complex vs. Redundant
- While 冗杂 implies both complexity and redundancy, other words might emphasize one aspect more.
- Wordy and Tedious
- When the issue is primarily with too many words or an overly long, drawn-out explanation, these alternatives might be suitable.
- When Clarity is Lacking
- If the primary issue is that something is hard to understand, even if not necessarily redundant, these might be used.
- Summary Comparison
- 冗杂 is a strong word indicating that something is burdened by unnecessary complexity or repetition, making it inefficient or unclear. While 复杂 (complex) is more general, 冗余 (redundant) focuses solely on repetition. 啰嗦 (wordy) and 繁琐 (tedious) describe lengthy and tiresome aspects, and 晦涩 (obscure) or 难懂 (difficult to understand) highlight a lack of clarity. Choose the word that best captures the specific nature of the problem.
复杂 (fù zá) - Complex
This is a more general term for 'complex' or 'complicated.' It doesn't necessarily imply unnecessary elements, just intricacy. Something can be complex but still essential and well-organized.
Example: 这是一个复杂的数学问题。(This is a complex math problem.)
冗余 (rǒng yú) - Redundant
This word specifically focuses on repetition or unnecessary duplication. It's often used in technical contexts (e.g., redundant systems) or when information is repeated without adding value.
Example: 报告中存在冗余的信息，可以删除。(There is redundant information in the report that can be deleted.)
啰嗦 (luō suo) - Wordy, Verbose, Long-winded
This is a more informal term, often used to describe speech or writing that is unnecessarily lengthy and repetitive, making it tedious to listen to or read. It's less about structural complexity and more about excessive verbiage.
Example: 他讲话总是很啰嗦。(He always talks in a long-winded way.)
繁琐 (fán suǒ) - Complicated and Tedious, Fussy
This term often describes procedures, tasks, or rules that are excessively detailed, complicated, and time-consuming, making them difficult and annoying to deal with. It emphasizes the tediousness and difficulty of a process.
Example: 办理这些手续真是太繁琐了。(Going through these procedures is really too tedious and complicated.)
晦涩 (huì sè) - Obscure, Abstruse, Difficult to understand
This word is used for things that are difficult to understand due to their complexity, ambiguity, or lack of clarity. It's often applied to writing, language, or ideas that are not straightforward.
Example: 这首诗的语言非常晦涩。(The language of this poem is very obscure.)
难懂 (nán dǒng) - Difficult to understand
A straightforward and common phrase meaning 'difficult to understand.' It's a general term that can be used when clarity is lacking, regardless of the specific reason.
Example: 这个技术说明太难懂了。(This technical explanation is too difficult to understand.)
How Formal Is It?
Dato curioso
The character 冗 is composed of the radical 刀 (dāo - knife) and the phonetic component 兄 (xiōng - elder brother). The knife might suggest cutting away excess, while the combination hints at something being 'mixed up' or 'too much' that needs to be dealt with.
Guía de pronunciación
Nivel de dificultad
The word itself is straightforward in meaning, but its application can be nuanced. Understanding the context in which it's used is key to grasping its full implication.
Using <strong>冗杂</strong> correctly requires distinguishing it from similar words like 'complex' or 'wordy.' Learners need to ensure they are describing a situation with actual unnecessary complexity or redundancy.
It's a useful word for expressing criticism or identifying areas for improvement in a structured way. Proper usage helps convey a clear point about inefficiency.
Recognizing <strong>冗杂</strong> in spoken Chinese helps learners understand critiques of processes, texts, or explanations, indicating a need for simplification.
Qué aprender después
Requisitos previos
Aprende después
Avanzado
Gramática que debes saber
Using adjectives before nouns.
冗杂的文件 (rǒng zá de wén jiàn) - redundant document.
Using degree adverbs like '太' (tài - too) and '过于' (guò yú - overly) with adjectives.
这个流程太冗杂了。(Zhège liúchéng tài rǒng zá le.) - This process is too convoluted.
Using verbs like '避免' (bì miǎn - avoid) and '去除' (qù chú - remove) with nouns modified by 冗杂.
我们应该避免冗杂。(Wǒmen yīnggāi bìmiǎn rǒng zá.) - We should avoid redundancy.
Forming abstract nouns with '-性' (-xìng) to denote the quality of being 冗杂.
法律条文的冗杂性。(Fǎlǜ tiáowén de rǒng zá xìng.) - The convoluted nature of legal clauses.
Using 冗杂 to describe the state or quality of a noun.
他的解释很冗杂。(Tā de jiě shì hěn rǒng zá.) - His explanation is very convoluted.
Ejemplos por nivel
这份说明书写得太冗杂了，我看不懂。
The instruction manual is written too redundantly/complexly, I can't understand it.
Here, 冗杂 describes the quality of the writing in the manual.
我们需要简化这个流程，去除冗杂的步骤。
We need to simplify this process and remove redundant steps.
冗杂 modifies 'steps,' indicating they are unnecessary.
他的解释太冗杂了，让人抓不住重点。
His explanation is too convoluted, making it hard to grasp the main point.
冗杂 describes the nature of the explanation.
这个报告包含了很多冗杂的信息。
This report contains a lot of redundant information.
冗杂 describes the 'information' within the report.
别让冗杂的程序拖慢我们的进度。
Don't let cumbersome procedures slow down our progress.
冗杂 modifies 'procedures,' highlighting their inefficiency.
他的回答虽然详细，但有些冗杂。
Although his answer was detailed, it was somewhat redundant.
冗杂 here implies that the detail goes beyond what is necessary.
这个系统设计得太冗杂，维护起来很困难。
This system is designed too complexly, making maintenance difficult.
冗杂 describes the design of the system.
我喜欢简洁明了的风格，不喜欢冗杂的表达。
I like concise and clear styles, and dislike verbose expressions.
冗杂 contrasts with 'concise and clear' expressions.
这份政策文件的内容过于冗杂，需要重新审视和精简。
The content of this policy document is too complex and redundant; it needs to be reviewed and simplified.
冗杂 is used here to critique a formal document, suggesting it's unnecessarily complicated.
我们必须找到一种方法来消除这个项目管理中的冗杂环节。
We must find a way to eliminate the redundant steps in this project management.
冗杂 refers to unnecessary or excessive parts of a process.
他提出的解决方案虽然考虑周全，但过程显得有些冗杂。
Although his proposed solution was thorough, the process seemed somewhat convoluted.
冗杂 describes the perceived complexity of the solution's implementation.
为了提高用户体验，我们应该避免在界面中加入冗杂的功能。
To improve user experience, we should avoid adding unnecessary features to the interface.
冗杂 describes features that are not needed and could clutter the interface.
法律条文的冗杂性常常让普通民众难以理解。
The convoluted nature of legal clauses often makes it difficult for ordinary people to understand.
冗杂性 (the quality of being 冗杂) is used to describe the nature of legal texts.
这个故事的叙述方式过于冗杂，缺乏紧凑感。
The narrative style of this story is too convoluted, lacking a sense of cohesion.
冗杂 describes the narrative structure, implying it's not streamlined.
技术部门正在努力优化代码，以减少其冗杂的部分。
The technical department is working hard to optimize the code to reduce its redundant parts.
冗杂 refers to unnecessary or inefficient parts of the code.
过度冗杂的行政审批流程是阻碍创新的一个重要因素。
Excessively complex administrative approval processes are a significant factor hindering innovation.
冗杂 describes the administrative processes, highlighting their inefficiency.
该公司的内部沟通机制充斥着冗杂的层级和不必要的审批。
The company's internal communication mechanisms are filled with redundant hierarchies and unnecessary approvals.
冗杂 is used to critique organizational structure, implying inefficiency.
我们需要对这份学术论文进行大幅度的修改，剔除其中冗杂的论证和重复的证据。
We need to make substantial revisions to this academic paper, removing its convoluted arguments and repetitive evidence.
冗杂 describes both the arguments and the evidence, suggesting they are excessive and unnecessary.
在信息爆炸的时代，如何提炼出核心信息，避免冗杂的内容，是内容创作者面临的挑战。
In the age of information explosion, how to distill core information and avoid redundant content is a challenge for content creators.
冗杂 describes content that is considered excessive and unhelpful.
他试图用一种冗杂的哲学语言来解释一个简单的现象，反而令人费解。
He attempted to explain a simple phenomenon using a convoluted philosophical language, which instead made it incomprehensible.
冗杂 describes the language used, highlighting its unnecessary complexity.
现代艺术的某些流派似乎刻意追求冗杂的美学，试图通过复杂性来表达深度。
Some schools of modern art seem to deliberately pursue an aesthetic of complexity and redundancy, attempting to express depth through intricacy.
冗杂 describes an aesthetic choice, implying a potentially negative connotation of excess.
过度冗杂的软件界面不仅影响了操作效率，也增加了用户的学习成本。
An excessively convoluted software interface not only affects operational efficiency but also increases the user's learning cost.
冗杂 describes the interface, linking it to inefficiency and higher learning curves.
解决问题的关键在于识别并去除那些冗杂的、非核心的要素。
The key to solving the problem lies in identifying and removing those redundant, non-core elements.
冗杂 describes elements that are unnecessary and can be removed.
他习惯于使用冗杂的修辞手法，使得他的演讲有时显得空洞乏味。
He is accustomed to using verbose rhetorical devices, which sometimes makes his speeches seem empty and dull.
冗杂 describes rhetorical devices, implying they are excessive and ineffective.
其作品的结构呈现出一种刻意的冗杂，仿佛是对现代社会信息过载的一种艺术化回应。
The structure of his work exhibits a deliberate convolution, as if it were an artistic response to the information overload of modern society.
冗杂 is used here in a nuanced way, suggesting intentionality and an artistic interpretation of complexity.
在解读这些古老文献时，我们必须警惕冗杂的注释和不准确的引申。
When interpreting these ancient texts, we must be wary of convoluted annotations and inaccurate extrapolations.
冗杂 describes annotations, implying they add unnecessary complexity or are misleading.
他以一种近乎冗杂的详尽程度，剖析了每一个细微的心理动机。
He dissected every subtle psychological motivation with an almost excessively detailed thoroughness.
冗杂 here is used adverbially (近乎冗杂) to describe an extreme level of detail that borders on being excessive.
尽管其论证过程看似冗杂，但最终指向了一个清晰而深刻的结论。
Although its argumentation process appears convoluted, it ultimately leads to a clear and profound conclusion.
冗杂 describes the argumentation process, but the sentence acknowledges that clarity can still be achieved.
该理论的数学模型因其冗杂的推导过程而饱受争议。
The mathematical model of this theory is controversial due to its convoluted derivation process.
冗杂 describes the derivation process, linking it to controversy.
她善于将冗杂的社会现象，以简洁的语言呈现给公众。
She is adept at presenting complex social phenomena to the public in concise language.
冗杂 describes social phenomena, implying their inherent complexity, which the speaker then simplifies.
冗杂的政治辞令常常掩盖了问题的本质。
Convoluted political rhetoric often obscures the essence of the problem.
冗杂 describes political rhetoric, highlighting its obfuscating effect.
他试图通过冗杂的细节来证明其观点的独创性，但适得其反。
He attempted to prove the originality of his viewpoint through convoluted details, but it had the opposite effect.
冗杂 describes details, implying they are excessive and counterproductive.
Colocaciones comunes
Frases Comunes
— It's too complex/redundant.
这份文件太冗杂了，我看不下去。(This document is too convoluted, I can't read it.)
— The content is redundant or overly complex.
这份报告内容冗杂，需要删减。(This report's content is redundant and needs to be cut.)
— The structure is complicated and possibly inefficient.
这个系统的结构冗杂，不易于维护。(This system's structure is complex and difficult to maintain.)
— Avoid complexity and redundancy.
在写作时，我们应避免冗杂，力求简洁。(When writing, we should avoid redundancy and strive for conciseness.)
— Remove the unnecessary complexity or redundancy.
我们需要去除流程中冗杂的部分。(We need to remove the redundant parts of the process.)
— Excessively complex or redundant.
他的解释过于冗杂，让人摸不着头脑。(His explanation was excessively convoluted, leaving people confused.)
— To deal with or manage something complex and redundant.
处理这些冗杂的文件需要花费大量时间。(Dealing with these redundant documents takes a lot of time.)
— Redundant or unnecessary steps/links.
申请流程中存在冗杂的环节。(There are redundant steps in the application process.)
Se confunde a menudo con
复杂 is a general term for 'complex.' 冗杂 specifically implies unnecessary complexity or redundancy that hinders understanding or efficiency, whereas something can be complex but still necessary and well-organized.
啰嗦 refers to being wordy and repetitive, often in speech, making it tedious. 冗杂 is broader, encompassing structural complexity and unnecessary elements, not just excessive words.
繁琐 describes tasks or procedures that are tedious and complicated. 冗杂 can apply to more than just procedures, including texts and explanations, and focuses on the excess of elements.
Fácil de confundir
Both words describe something that is not simple.
<strong>冗杂</strong> implies *unnecessary* complexity and redundancy, suggesting something could and should be simplified. <strong>复杂</strong> simply means intricate or having many parts, and doesn't necessarily carry a negative connotation of excess. A complex mathematical formula might be necessary, while a 冗杂 explanation of it would be problematic.
这个数学模型很<strong>复杂</strong>，但对于理解现象是必须的。(This mathematical model is complex, but necessary for understanding the phenomenon.) vs. 他对模型的解释太<strong>冗杂</strong>了，我听不懂。(His explanation of the model is too convoluted, I can't understand it.)
Both words describe something that is lengthy and potentially hard to follow.
<strong>啰嗦</strong> specifically refers to being wordy, verbose, and repetitive, often in speech, making it tedious. It's about too many words. <strong>冗杂</strong> is broader; it refers to having too many unnecessary parts, steps, or elements, which can make something complex and inefficient, not just wordy. A short sentence can still be 冗杂 if it contains superfluous ideas.
他讲话总是很<strong>啰嗦</strong>。(Tā jiǎnghuà zǒng shì hěn luōsuo.) - He always talks in a long-winded way. vs. 这份合同的条款<strong>太冗杂了</strong>。(Zhè fèn hétóng de tiáokuǎn tài rǒngzá le.) - The clauses in this contract are too convoluted/redundant.
Both words can describe difficult and time-consuming processes or tasks.
<strong>繁琐</strong> specifically describes tasks, procedures, or rules that are tedious, complicated, and require excessive effort or detail. It emphasizes the difficulty and time-consuming nature. <strong>冗杂</strong> is more about the presence of unnecessary elements, complexity, or redundancy that hinders efficiency or clarity. While a 繁琐 procedure might also be 冗杂, 冗杂 can apply to things other than procedures, like texts or explanations.
办理移民手续非常<strong>繁琐</strong>。(Bànlǐ yímín shǒuxù fēicháng fánsuǒ.) - The immigration procedures are very tedious and complicated. vs. 这个报告的结构<strong>太冗杂了</strong>，很难找到重点。(Zhège bàogào de jiégòu tài rǒngzá le, hěn nán zhǎodào zhòngdiǎn.) - This report's structure is too convoluted, making it hard to find the main point.
Both words contain the character 冗 (rǒng) and relate to excess.
<strong>冗余</strong> specifically means 'redundant' or 'superfluous,' focusing on repetition or duplication that is unnecessary. It's often used in technical contexts (e.g., redundant systems) or when information is repeated without adding value. <strong>冗杂</strong> is a broader term that includes redundancy but also implies unnecessary complexity and convolution, making something difficult to understand or use. Something can be 冗杂 without being purely 冗余 (e.g., a complex but not repetitive explanation).
这个系统有<strong>冗余</strong>设计，以防故障。(Zhège xìtǒng yǒu rǒngyú shèjì, yǐ fáng gùzhàng.) - This system has redundant design to prevent failure. vs. 这份说明书写得太<strong>冗杂</strong>了，我看不懂。(Zhè fèn shuōmíngshū xiě de tài rǒngzá le, wǒ kàn bù dǒng.) - This instruction manual is written too convolutedly, I can't understand it.
Both words can describe things that are difficult to understand.
<strong>晦涩</strong> means obscure, abstruse, and difficult to understand due to lack of clarity, ambiguity, or complex symbolism. It focuses on the difficulty of comprehension. <strong>冗杂</strong> implies difficulty arising from unnecessary complexity, redundancy, or excessive elements. While a 冗杂 text might also be 晦涩, 晦涩 focuses on the lack of clarity itself, whereas 冗杂 points to the cause of that lack of clarity (excessive elements).
这首诗的语言<strong>晦涩</strong>难懂。(Zhè shǒu shī de yǔyán huìsè nán dǒng.) - The language of this poem is obscure and difficult to understand. vs. 他对物理学的解释<strong>太冗杂了</strong>，全是听不懂的术语。(Tā duì wùlǐ xué de jiěshì tài rǒngzá le, quán shì tīng bù dǒng de shùyǔ.) - His explanation of physics is too convoluted, full of terms I don't understand.
Patrones de oraciones
Subject + 觉得/认为 + [Noun Phrase] + (太/有点) + 冗杂
我<strong>觉得</strong>这份报告<strong>有点冗杂</strong>。(Wǒ juéde zhè fèn bàogào yǒudiǎn rǒng zá.) - I feel this report is a bit redundant.
[Noun Phrase] + (太/过于) + 冗杂
这个流程<strong>太冗杂了</strong>。(Zhège liúchéng tài rǒng zá le.) - This process is too convoluted.
避免 + 冗杂
在写作时，我们要<strong>避免冗杂</strong>。(Zài xiězuò shí, wǒmen yào bìmiǎn rǒng zá.) - When writing, we should avoid redundancy.
去除/删除 + 冗杂 + 的 + [Noun]
我们需要<strong>去除冗杂的</strong>步骤。(Wǒmen xūyào qùchú rǒng zá de bùzòu.) - We need to remove the redundant steps.
冗杂 + 的 + [Noun]
他给出了一个<strong>冗杂的</strong>解释。(Tā gěichūle yīgè rǒng zá de jiěshì.) - He gave a convoluted explanation.
[Noun Phrase] + 充斥着 + 冗杂的 + [Noun]
这家公司<strong>充斥着冗杂的</strong>层级。(Zhè jiā gōngsī chōngchìzhe rǒng zá de céngjí.) - This company is filled with redundant hierarchies.
因其 + 冗杂 + 的 + [Noun Phrase] + 而...
该理论<strong>因其冗杂的</strong>推导过程而饱受争议。(Gāi lǐlùn yīn qí rǒng zá de tuīdǎo guòchéng ér bǎoshòu zhēngyì.) - The theory is controversial due to its convoluted derivation process.
近乎 + 冗杂 + 的 + [Noun]
他以一种<strong>近乎冗杂的</strong>详尽程度剖析了细节。(Tā yǐ yī zhǒng jìnhū rǒng zá de xiángjìn chéngdù pōuxīle xìjié.) - He dissected the details with an almost excessively thorough level of detail.
Familia de palabras
Adjetivos
Relacionado
Cómo usarlo
Medium to High in contexts of critique and improvement.
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Using 冗杂 for anything complex.
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Use 冗杂 only when the complexity is unnecessary or redundant.
<strong>冗杂</strong> implies excess that hinders. <strong>复杂 (fù zá)</strong> simply means intricate. A complex scientific theory isn't necessarily 冗杂, but a convoluted explanation of it might be.
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Confusing 冗杂 with 啰嗦.
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Use 冗杂 for structural complexity/redundancy; use 啰嗦 for wordiness/verbosity.
<strong>啰嗦 (luō suo)</strong> focuses on too many words and tedious repetition, often in speech. <strong>冗杂</strong> is broader, referring to unnecessary elements in structure, process, or information, making something inefficient or hard to grasp.
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Applying 冗杂 to simple tasks that are just difficult.
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Apply 冗杂 when there are unnecessary steps or elements, not just inherent difficulty.
If a task is inherently difficult but straightforward (e.g., advanced calculus), it's not 冗杂. If the instructions for that task are filled with extra, confusing steps, then the instructions are 冗杂.
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Using 冗杂 when 冗余 is more appropriate.
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Use 冗余 for specific redundancy/duplication, especially in technical contexts.
<strong>冗余 (rǒng yú)</strong> specifically means redundant or superfluous, often about repetition or backup systems. <strong>冗杂</strong> is a more general term for being overly complex and having unnecessary parts.
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Using 冗杂 to describe something that is merely detailed.
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Use 冗杂 only when the detail is excessive and unnecessary.
A detailed report that is clear and well-organized is not 冗杂. However, if that report includes repetitive sections or tangential information that doesn't add value, those parts are 冗杂.
Consejos
Focus on Excess
Remember that 冗杂 implies 'excess.' It's not just complex; it's complex *because* of unnecessary parts, steps, or information. If something is complex but essential, it's not 冗杂.
Distinguish from 复杂
While 复杂 (fù zá) means complex, 冗杂 (rǒng zá) adds the layer of 'unnecessary' or 'redundant.' A complex mathematical proof might be necessary, but a 冗杂 explanation of it would be problematic.
Common Contexts
You'll frequently encounter 冗杂 when discussing things like bureaucratic processes, technical manuals, lengthy reports, or convoluted explanations where clarity and efficiency are compromised by excess.
Critique and Improvement
Use 冗杂 to critique something that needs simplification or streamlining. It's a useful word for identifying areas for improvement in writing, processes, or systems.
Alternatives
Consider synonyms like 啰嗦 (luō suo) for wordiness, 繁琐 (fán suǒ) for tedious procedures, or 晦涩 (huì sè) for obscurity, depending on the specific nuance you want to convey.
Visual Association
Imagine a tangled ball of yarn with too many loose ends and knots. This visual represents the feeling of 冗杂 – messy, difficult to sort out, and full of unnecessary complexity.
Adjective Use
冗杂 typically functions as an adjective, often used with degree adverbs like '太' (tài - too) or '过于' (guò yú - overly) to emphasize the excess. For example, '这个流程太冗杂了。'
Critical Tone
Using 冗杂 implies a critique. Be mindful of the context and your audience when using it, as it suggests that something is flawed due to its complexity or redundancy.
Opposite Qualities
The opposite of 冗杂 are qualities like 简洁 (jiǎnjié - concise), 清晰 (qīngxī - clear), and 效率 (xiàolǜ - efficient). Understanding these opposites helps solidify the meaning.
Listen and Identify
When listening to Chinese, try to identify instances where people are complaining about things being 'too much,' 'too complicated,' or 'inefficient.' These are often situations where 冗杂 would be used.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Imagine a long, tangled 'rope' (冗) that is 'mixed up' (杂) with so many knots and loose ends that it's impossible to use. This tangled rope represents something overly complex and redundant.
Asociación visual
Picture a very cluttered desk with papers piled high, pens scattered everywhere, and multiple half-finished projects. This visual chaos represents the feeling of 冗杂.
Word Web
Desafío
Try to find three examples of 冗杂 in your daily life or in media you consume. Describe what makes them 冗杂 and how they could be simplified.
Origen de la palabra
The character 冗 (rǒng) means 'superfluous,' 'excessive,' or 'redundant.' The character 杂 (zá) means 'mixed,' 'miscellaneous,' or 'complex.' Together, they form a word that describes something mixed with excessive, unnecessary elements, leading to complexity and redundancy.
Significado original: Superfluous and mixed/complex.
Sino-TibetanContexto cultural
Using 冗杂 is a critique. While useful, it should be applied thoughtfully, especially in feedback, to avoid sounding overly harsh or dismissive. The context often dictates the appropriateness of its use.
In English, we might use terms like 'convoluted,' 'redundant,' 'wordy,' 'verbose,' 'overly complex,' or 'cumbersome' to describe similar situations. The Chinese term 冗杂 effectively encapsulates the idea of something being burdened by both unnecessary complexity and repetition.
Practica en la vida real
Contextos reales
Critiquing a document or text.
- 这份文件太冗杂了。
- 内容冗杂。
- 避免冗杂的表达。
Discussing inefficient processes or systems.
- 冗杂的程序。
- 去除冗杂的环节。
- 这个系统太冗杂了。
Describing confusing explanations.
- 解释太冗杂。
- 过于冗杂。
- 让人费解的冗杂。
Giving feedback on writing or design.
- 需要精简，避免冗杂。
- 冗杂的部分。
- 设计不应过于冗杂。
Complaining about bureaucracy.
- 冗杂的规定。
- 冗杂的审批。
- 处理冗杂的手续。
Inicios de conversación
"Have you ever encountered a document or process that felt overwhelmingly 冗杂?"
"What's the most 冗杂 explanation you've ever heard?"
"In your opinion, what makes a system 冗杂?"
"How can we avoid making our communication too 冗杂?"
"Can you think of a time when something that seemed 冗杂 actually had a purpose?"
Temas para diario
Describe a situation where you had to deal with something 冗杂. How did you manage it, and what did you learn?
Reflect on a piece of writing you created. Do you think any part of it was 冗杂? How could you have made it more concise?
Imagine you are designing a new system. What principles would you follow to ensure it is not 冗杂?
Think about a time you simplified something that was previously 冗杂. What was the impact of your simplification?
How does the concept of 冗杂 relate to the idea of 'less is more' in your life or studies?
Preguntas frecuentes
10 preguntas复杂 (fù zá) means complex or complicated, indicating intricacy or many parts. It doesn't necessarily imply negativity. 冗杂 (rǒng zá), on the other hand, specifically means unnecessarily complex, redundant, or convoluted, implying that the excess elements hinder understanding or efficiency. You can have a complex but necessary system, but a 冗杂 system is one with too much that doesn't need to be there.
啰嗦 (luō suo) is typically used for speech or writing that is wordy, verbose, and repetitive, making it tedious. It focuses on the excessive use of words. 冗杂 is a broader term that can apply to texts, processes, systems, or explanations. It implies complexity and redundancy beyond just wordiness, suggesting unnecessary elements or steps that make something difficult to understand or use efficiently.
Yes, 冗杂 can be used figuratively for physical objects or designs that are overly complicated with unnecessary parts, making them cumbersome or inefficient. For example, a piece of furniture with too many decorative but non-functional elements could be described as 冗杂 in its design.
Yes, 冗杂 generally carries a negative connotation because it implies that something is unnecessarily complex or redundant, hindering clarity or efficiency. It suggests a need for simplification or streamlining.
冗杂 is very commonly used to describe bureaucratic processes. Bureaucracies often develop complex, multi-layered procedures with many unnecessary steps and approvals, making them slow and difficult to navigate. People often complain about the 冗杂 nature of government or corporate red tape.
Antonyms for 冗杂 include 简洁 (jiǎnjié - concise), 清晰 (qīngxī - clear), 精炼 (jīngliàn - streamlined, refined), and 明了 (míngliǎo - understandable). These words describe qualities that are the opposite of unnecessary complexity and redundancy.
Yes, you can describe a person's thinking or reasoning process as 冗杂 if it is convoluted, includes too many unnecessary tangents, or lacks clarity due to excessive complexity. For example, 'His thought process is too 冗杂 to follow easily.'
繁琐 (fán suǒ) specifically refers to tasks, procedures, or rules that are tedious, complicated, and require excessive effort or detail. It emphasizes the laboriousness. 冗杂 is about the presence of unnecessary elements, complexity, or redundancy that hinders efficiency or clarity. A 繁琐 process is often 冗杂, but 冗杂 can apply to things beyond just procedures, like texts or explanations.
To avoid using 冗杂 incorrectly, ensure that the thing you are describing is not just complex, but *unnecessarily* so, and that it contains redundant or superfluous elements that detract from clarity or efficiency. Ask yourself if parts could be removed without losing essential meaning or function.
Common collocations include 冗杂的程序 (rǒng zá de chéngxù - convoluted procedures), 冗杂的信息 (rǒng zá de xìnxī - redundant information), 冗杂的解释 (rǒng zá de jiěshì - convoluted explanation), and 避免冗杂 (bìmiǎn rǒng zá - avoid redundancy).
Ponte a prueba 10 preguntas
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
冗杂 (rǒng zá) describes something that is unnecessarily complex, redundant, or convoluted, making it difficult to understand or inefficient to use. It's a critique of excess that hinders clarity and functionality.
- Overly complex and filled with unnecessary details or steps.
- Implies inefficiency and difficulty in understanding due to excess.
- Used for texts, processes, systems, or explanations.
- Critiques redundancy and convoluted structures.
Focus on Excess
Remember that 冗杂 implies 'excess.' It's not just complex; it's complex *because* of unnecessary parts, steps, or information. If something is complex but essential, it's not 冗杂.
Distinguish from 复杂
While 复杂 (fù zá) means complex, 冗杂 (rǒng zá) adds the layer of 'unnecessary' or 'redundant.' A complex mathematical proof might be necessary, but a 冗杂 explanation of it would be problematic.
Common Contexts
You'll frequently encounter 冗杂 when discussing things like bureaucratic processes, technical manuals, lengthy reports, or convoluted explanations where clarity and efficiency are compromised by excess.
Critique and Improvement
Use 冗杂 to critique something that needs simplification or streamlining. It's a useful word for identifying areas for improvement in writing, processes, or systems.
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