A2 Questions 1 min read Facile

Questions in Reported Past (oxuyubmu?)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the -miş + mi question particle to ask about past events you heard about or didn't witness yourself.

  • Add -miş to the verb root: 'oxu' -> 'oxumuş'.
  • Add the question particle 'mu/mü/mı/mi' based on vowel harmony.
  • Add the personal suffix to the particle: 'oxumuş-mu-san?'
Verb Root + -miş + Question Particle + Personal Suffix

3. Reported Past Interrogative Conjugation

Person Verb (Oxumaq) Negative Question
I
oxumuşam
oxumamışam
oxumuşammı?
You
oxumusan
oxumamısan
oxumuşmusan?
He/She
oxumuşdur
oxumamışdır
oxumuşmu?
We
oxumuşuq
oxumamışıq
oxumuşuqmu?
You (pl)
oxumusunuz
oxumamısınız
oxumuşsunuzmu?
They
oxumuşlar
oxumamışlar
oxumuşlarmı?

Common Contractions

Full Spoken
oxumuşmusan
oxumuşsan

Meanings

This structure is used to ask questions about past actions that the speaker did not witness directly, often based on hearsay or inference.

1

Hearsay/Inference

Asking about an event based on information received from others.

“O, gəlmişmi?”

“Sən bunu görmüşmüsən?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Questions in Reported Past (oxuyubmu?)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Root + -miş + Suffix
Oxumuşam
Negative
Root + -mə + -miş + Suffix
Oxumamışam
Question
Root + -miş + Particle + Suffix
Oxumuşmusan?
Neg. Question
Root + -mə + -miş + Particle + Suffix
Oxumamışmısan?
3rd Person Sing.
Root + -miş + -mi
Oxumuşmu?
3rd Person Pl.
Root + -miş + -lər + -mi
Oxumuşlarmı?

Spectre de formalité

Formel
O, gəlmişdirmi?

O, gəlmişdirmi? (Asking about arrival)

Neutre
O, gəlmişmi?

O, gəlmişmi? (Asking about arrival)

Informel
Gəlibmi?

Gəlibmi? (Asking about arrival)

Argot
Gəlib?

Gəlib? (Asking about arrival)

The Evidential Logic

Reported Past

Source

  • Eşitmişəm I heard

Inference

  • Görünür It seems

Surprise

  • Maraqlıdır It's interesting

Direct vs. Reported

Direct (-di)
Gəldi He came (I saw)
Reported (-miş)
Gəlmiş He came (I heard)

Exemples par niveau

1

Gəlmişmi?

Did he come?

2

Yemişmi?

Did he eat?

3

Görmüşmü?

Did he see?

4

Almışmı?

Did he buy?

1

Sən bunu oxumuşmusan?

Have you read this?

2

Onlar getmişmi?

Have they gone?

3

O, işi bitirmişmi?

Has he finished the work?

4

Siz gəzməyə getmişmisiniz?

Have you gone for a walk?

1

Deyirlər ki, o, şəhəri tərk etmişmiş?

They say he left the city, is it true?

2

Sən bu filmi əvvəllər izləmişmisən?

Have you watched this movie before?

3

O, bu qərarı özü vermişmi?

Did he make this decision himself?

4

Hadisə gecə baş vermişmi?

Did the event happen at night?

1

Səncə, o, həqiqəti gizlətmişmi?

Do you think he hid the truth?

2

Müəllim tapşırığı yoxlamışmı?

Has the teacher checked the assignment?

3

Sən bu barədə heç nə eşitməmişmisən?

Haven't you heard anything about this?

4

Onlar bu təklifi qəbul etmişmi?

Have they accepted this proposal?

1

Görəsən, o, bu məktubu oxumamışmı?

I wonder, has he not read this letter?

2

Sən bu sirri ona açmışmısan?

Have you revealed this secret to him?

3

O, bu qədər yolu piyada gəlmişmi?

Has he really walked all this way?

4

Siz bu məsələni müzakirə etmişmisiniz?

Have you discussed this matter?

1

Məgər o, bu xəbəri eşitməmişmi?

Has he not heard this news?

2

Sən bu qədər vaxt ərzində heç nə öyrənməmişmisən?

Haven't you learned anything during all this time?

3

O, bu qərarı verməmişdən əvvəl məsləhətləşmişmi?

Did he consult before making this decision?

4

Siz bu layihəni vaxtında bitirməmişmisiniz?

Haven't you finished this project on time?

Facile à confondre

Questions in Reported Past (oxuyubmu?) vs Simple Past (-di)

Learners use -di for everything.

Questions in Reported Past (oxuyubmu?) vs Present Continuous (-ir)

Learners mix up current and past.

Questions in Reported Past (oxuyubmu?) vs Future (-əcək)

Learners mix up future and past.

Erreurs courantes

Gəldimi?

Gəlmişmi?

Using -di for hearsay.

Oxumuşsan?

Oxumuşmusan?

Missing the question particle.

Gəlmişmisan?

Gəlmişmisən?

Vowel harmony error.

Oxumuşmu?

Oxumuşdurmu?

Missing the personal suffix.

Getmişmisin?

Getmişmisən?

Incorrect vowel harmony.

Yemişmi?

Yemişdirmi?

Inconsistent suffix usage.

Görmüşmü?

Görmüşmü?

Actually correct, but often confused with -di.

Deyirlər ki, o gəldi.

Deyirlər ki, o gəlmiş.

Using direct past in reported speech.

Eşitmişdim ki, o getmişdi.

Eşitmişdim ki, o getmişmiş.

Double past confusion.

O, bunu bilmişmi?

O, bunu bilmişdirmi?

Formal register error.

Görəsən, o gəldimi?

Görəsən, o gəlmişmi?

Nuance error in reflection.

Sən bunu etməmişmisən?

Sən bunu etməmişmisən?

Correct, but often misused in tone.

O, getmişmi?

O, getmişmişmi?

Over-complicating the suffix.

Structures de phrases

___ getmişmi?

Sən ___ oxumuşmusan?

O, ___ bitirmişmi?

Siz ___ eşitməmişmisiniz?

Real World Usage

Social Media very common

O, evlənmişmi?

Texting constant

Gəlmişmisən?

Job Interview occasional

Siz bu sahədə işləmişmisiniz?

Travel common

Muzey bağlanmışmı?

Food Delivery occasional

Sifariş çatmışmı?

News very common

Hadisə baş vermişmi?

💡

Listen for -miş

When listening to news, notice how often -miş is used to report events.
⚠️

Don't use -di for hearsay

Using -di implies you were there, which can be confusing.
🎯

Combine with 'deyirlər'

Use 'Deyirlər ki...' with -miş for perfect hearsay.
💬

Politeness

Using -miş is safer when you aren't 100% sure of the facts.

Smart Tips

Always use -miş to sound like a journalist.

Hadisə baş verdi. Hadisə baş vermiş.

Use -miş to show you are interested in their news.

Sən getdin? Sən getmişmisən?

Use -miş to avoid being wrong.

O, gəldi. O, gəlmiş.

Attach the suffix to the particle.

Oxumuşmusan? Oxumuşmusan?

Prononciation

o-u-u (oxumuşmu)

Vowel Harmony

The vowel in -miş and the question particle must match the root.

Rising

Gəlmişmi? ↑

Standard question intonation.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Miş is the 'Mystery' suffix. If it's a mystery to you because you weren't there, use -miş!

Association visuelle

Imagine a detective with a magnifying glass asking a witness: 'Did you really see it?' The detective uses -miş because he wasn't there.

Rhyme

If you didn't see it with your eye, use -miş and ask 'mi' by and by.

Story

Ali tells me he went to Paris. I wasn't there. So I ask, 'Parisə getmişmisən?' (Did you go to Paris?). He says yes. I tell my friend, 'Ali Parisə getmiş.' (Ali went to Paris [I heard]).

Word Web

GəlmişGetmişOxumuşYemişGörmüşEşitmiş

Défi

Ask 3 people about their weekend using the -miş question form.

Notes culturelles

Using -miş is a sign of politeness as it avoids making direct claims about others.

Derived from the Turkic -miş suffix, common in all Oghuz languages.

Amorces de conversation

Dünənki konsertə getmişmisən?

O, bu xəbəri eşitməmişmi?

Sən bu kitabı oxumuşmusan?

Onlar bu qərarı vermişlərmi?

Sujets d'écriture

Write about a rumor you heard recently.
Ask a friend about their trip using -miş.
Reflect on a news story you heard.
Describe a movie you heard was good.

Erreurs courantes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct suffix.

O, gəl___mi?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Reported past uses -miş.
Choose the correct form. Choix multiple

Sən oxumuş___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: c
Needs personal suffix.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

O gəldimi? (I heard)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Use -miş for hearsay.
Build a question. Sentence Building

Sən / getmək / -miş / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct harmony and suffix.
Match the meaning. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Reported past question.
Conjugate for 'We'. Conjugation Drill

Görmək

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
We = -ük.
Is this rule correct? True False Rule

Use -miş for witnessed events.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Use -di for witnessed.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Ali Parisə getdi. B: ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Confirming hearsay.

Score: /8

Exercices pratiques

8 exercises
Fill in the correct suffix.

O, gəl___mi?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Reported past uses -miş.
Choose the correct form. Choix multiple

Sən oxumuş___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: c
Needs personal suffix.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

O gəldimi? (I heard)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Use -miş for hearsay.
Build a question. Sentence Building

Sən / getmək / -miş / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct harmony and suffix.
Match the meaning. Match Pairs

Oxumuşmu?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Reported past question.
Conjugate for 'We'. Conjugation Drill

Görmək

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
We = -ük.
Is this rule correct? True False Rule

Use -miş for witnessed events.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Use -di for witnessed.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Ali Parisə getdi. B: ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Confirming hearsay.

Score: /8

FAQ (8)

Yes, if you are reporting them as a story or if you forgot them.

Mostly, but it can also express surprise or inference.

Use the simple past (-di) instead.

Add -mə before -miş: 'oxumamışmısan?'

Yes, add the plural suffix to the verb or particle.

Yes, especially in news reports.

Because it marks information reported by others.

Yes, all verbs can take this suffix.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Pretérito perfecto

Azerbaijani -miş is evidential; Spanish is temporal.

French moderate

Passé composé

Evidentiality is absent in French.

German moderate

Perfekt

Suffix vs. Auxiliary.

Japanese partial

Sou-ryuu

Particle vs. Suffix.

Arabic low

Qad + past

Emphasis vs. Source.

Chinese low

Le

Aspect vs. Evidentiality.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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