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B1 verb #4,000 le plus courant 8 min de lecture

تابیدن

Q: Is 'تابیدن' transitive?

No, it is intransitive. The light shines (نور میتابد). If you want to say you are shining the light on something, you use the causative form 'تاباندن' (tābāndan).

Q: How do I say 'The sun was shining'?

You use the past continuous: 'خورشید میتابید' (khorshid mi-tābid).

Top 4,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces تابیدن en 30 secondes

Explication تابیدن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know 'تابیدن' in its most basic sense: what the sun does. Imagine a child pointing at the sky on a sunny day. They would say 'خورشید می‌تابد' (The sun shines). At this stage, don't worry about complex metaphors or the difference between past and present stems in detail. Just remember that 'تابیدن' is the 'shining' word for the sun (خورشید) and the moon (ماه). You might see it in simple stories about nature or weather. It is a 'nature verb' for beginners. Focus on the present tense: 'می‌تابد' (it shines). If you can say 'The sun shines in the sky,' you have mastered the A1 usage of this word. It's about visibility and daytime. The word is often paired with 'آسمان' (sky) and 'روز' (day). Think of it as the opposite of 'تاریک بودن' (being dark). When the sun shines, it is not dark anymore.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'تابیدن' to describe more specific scenes. You might talk about light shining through a window (پنجره) or onto a specific object. You should start using the past tense 'تابید' to tell simple stories, like 'Yesterday, the sun shone all day.' You also learn that light can shine 'به' (to/into) a place. For example, 'نور به اتاق می‌تابد' (The light shines into the room). You might also encounter the noun form 'تابش' (shining/radiation) in very simple contexts, like 'تابش آفتاب' (sunshine). At this level, you are moving from just identifying the sun's action to describing how that light interacts with your immediate environment. You can also use it for lamps or flashlights in a basic way, though 'روشن بودن' is more common for lamps. The key is the movement of light from one point to another.

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At the B1 level, which is the target for this word, you should be comfortable with both literal and figurative uses. You can describe how the moon shines on the sea to create a beautiful view, using more descriptive adjectives. More importantly, you begin to see 'تابیدن' in metaphorical contexts. For example, 'نور امید در دلش تابید' (The light of hope shone in his heart). You understand that this verb implies a sense of warmth and revelation. You should also be able to distinguish between 'تابیدن' (natural shining) and 'تاباندن' (directing light). You might use it in writing about your feelings or describing a memorable trip where the weather played a big part. You are now aware of the present stem 'تاب' and the past stem 'تابید' and can conjugate them in various tenses like the present continuous or the past perfect. This is the level where the word becomes a tool for expression, not just a label for the sun.

At the B2 level, you use 'تابیدن' with more nuance and literary flair. You might use it in a formal essay to describe the 'radiation' of ideas or the way a historical figure's influence 'shone' upon a generation. You are familiar with synonyms like 'درخشیدن' and 'تلالو کردن' and know exactly when to choose 'تابیدن' instead. You can handle complex sentence structures where 'تابیدن' is part of a relative clause, such as 'The light that was shining from the lighthouse saved the ship.' Your vocabulary includes related words like 'بازتاب' (reflection) and you can explain the physical process of light hitting a surface and bouncing back. You also start to recognize 'تابیدن' in classical Persian poetry, understanding its symbolic value as divine light or the light of the 'Beloved.' Your usage is no longer just functional; it is becoming stylistic.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep appreciation for the historical and etymological roots of 'تابیدن.' You recognize its connection to the Middle Persian 'tāftan' and its broader Indo-European roots related to heat. You can use the verb in highly academic or philosophical discussions about optics or the nature of enlightenment (اشراق). You might use it to describe the 'twisting' of thread (its secondary meaning) in a technical or historical discussion about Persian carpets. In literature, you can analyze how a poet uses 'تابیدن' to create a specific mood or to contrast with 'ظلمت' (darkness/ignorance). You can use the word in all its forms, including rare participial forms like 'تابنده' (shining/radiant) as an adjective in sophisticated prose. Your command over the word allows you to play with its meanings, using it for subtle irony or profound emotional impact.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'تابیدن' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You can identify the word in the most obscure classical texts, even when it appears in its archaic 'تافتن' form with complex grammatical structures. You can use it in high-level creative writing, employing it as a motif to represent complex themes like the persistence of truth or the fleeting nature of life. You understand the scientific intricacies of 'تابش' in physics and can discuss them fluently. You are also aware of the word's presence in various Persian dialects and how its pronunciation or usage might slightly shift. For you, 'تابیدن' is not just a verb; it is a rich cultural and linguistic node that connects centuries of Persian thought, from the Zoroastrian veneration of light to modern scientific inquiry. You can use it with absolute precision, choosing it over a dozen other synonyms to capture a specific, infinitesimal shade of meaning.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

تابیدن en 30 secondes

تابیدن is the primary Persian verb for 'to shine,' specifically used for the emission of light rays from sources like the sun, moon, and lamps.
It is grammatically intransitive, meaning it describes what the light does, often paired with prepositions like 'be' (to) or 'bar' (upon).
Beyond physical light, it is frequently used in Persian poetry and literature to describe metaphorical enlightenment, hope, and divine presence in the heart.
It differs from 'derakhshidan' (to sparkle) because it implies a steady flow of rays rather than a flickering or reflective brilliance.

The Persian verb تابیدن (tābidan) is a foundational word in the Persian language, primarily used to describe the action of light emitting from a source and falling upon a surface. At its core, it translates to 'to shine' or 'to radiate.' While it is most commonly associated with celestial bodies like the sun (خورشید) and the moon (ماه), its usage extends far beyond simple meteorology into the realms of physics, poetry, and metaphorical expression. When you see the sun's rays piercing through a window or the moonlight reflecting on a calm lake, you are witnessing the act of تابیدن. It conveys a sense of continuous emission, a steady flow of light that touches and illuminates the world around it.

Literal Source: The most frequent use involves natural light sources. In a sentence like 'The sun shines on the mountains,' the verb captures the physical process of radiation. It is distinct from 'sparkling' or 'glittering' because it implies a source that generates and casts its own light outward.

امروز خورشید با تمام قدرت به دشت می‌تابد.
Today, the sun shines with all its might upon the plain.

Metaphorical Enlightenment: In Persian literature and daily speech, light is a symbol of knowledge, hope, and divinity. Therefore, this verb is often used to describe hope 'shining' in someone's heart or the 'light of truth' shining upon a situation. It suggests a transformative power that reveals what was previously hidden in darkness.

Furthermore, the verb has a secondary, more technical meaning related to twisting or spinning, such as spinning wool into thread. However, in 95% of modern contexts, especially at the B1 level, you will encounter it in the context of light. Whether you are reading a weather report, a romantic poem, or a scientific article about solar energy, understanding the nuances of how light 'shines' (می‌تابد) is essential. It is a verb that evokes warmth, visibility, and the very essence of life-giving energy in the Iranian cultural consciousness, where the sun has historically been a central symbol of power and purity.

نور ماه بر سطح دریا می‌تابید و منظره‌ای رویایی ساخته بود.
The moonlight was shining on the surface of the sea, creating a dreamy scene.

Using تابیدن correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical structure and the prepositions that typically accompany it. As an intransitive verb, it does not require a direct object (it doesn't 'shine something' usually), but it often takes a prepositional phrase to indicate where the light is falling. The most common preposition used is به (be - to/upon) or بر (bar - upon/over). Understanding this 'Source -> Verb -> Destination' flow is key to natural-sounding Persian.

The Present Stem: The present stem is تاب (tāb). To say 'it shines,' you add the prefix 'mi-' and the ending '-ad', resulting in می‌تابد (mi-tābad). This is used for general truths (The sun shines every day) or ongoing actions in the present.

نور خورشید از پنجره به اتاق می‌تابد.
Sunlight shines into the room from the window.

The Past Stem: The past stem is تابید (tābid). To describe a completed action in the past, you use this stem. For example, 'The sun shone yesterday' would be خورشید دیروز تابید. For continuous past actions (The sun was shining), you use می‌تابید.

In more complex sentences, you might see it combined with adverbs of manner. For instance, light can shine 'brightly' (به‌روشنی), 'weakly' (به‌ضعیفی), or 'steadily' (به‌طور مداوم). Furthermore, the causative form تاباندن (tābāndan) exists, which means 'to cause to shine' or 'to direct light toward something.' While 'تابیدن' is what the sun does naturally, 'تاباندن' is what a person does with a flashlight (چراغ قوه). Mastering the difference between the natural emission and the directed action will elevate your Persian from intermediate to advanced levels.

او نور چراغ را به دیوار تاباند.
He directed/shone the light of the lamp onto the wall.

The verb تابیدن is ubiquitous in various spheres of Iranian life, though its frequency varies depending on the register. In everyday conversation, you will hear it when people discuss the weather or the layout of a house. For instance, a real estate agent might emphasize how much sunlight 'shines' into a particular apartment to justify a higher price. In these contexts, it is a practical word used to describe comfort and lighting conditions.

Literature and Poetry: This is where 'تابیدن' truly lives. Persian culture is deeply rooted in poetry, and light is one of its most potent symbols. You will hear this word in the lyrics of traditional singers like Mohammad-Reza Shajarian or in the verses of classical poets like Rumi. Here, it often refers to the 'sun of the soul' or the 'light of the beloved' shining upon the lover's heart. It carries an emotional weight that 'shining' in English sometimes lacks.

ای آفتاب، بر این دل خسته بتاب.
O Sun, shine upon this weary heart. (Poetic usage)

Media and Science: In news broadcasts or educational documentaries, 'تابیدن' is used to discuss environmental issues, such as UV radiation or the importance of solar energy. You might hear a scientist explain how the sun's rays 'تابش' (radiation - the noun form) and 'تابیدن' (to radiate) affect the Earth's atmosphere. It is the standard term for electromagnetic radiation in a general sense.

Finally, in religious and spiritual contexts, 'تابیدن' is used to describe divine grace or guidance. A preacher might talk about how God's mercy 'shines' upon all creatures. This versatility—from the practicalities of a sunny room to the depths of mystical experience—makes it a word you will encounter daily if you engage with Persian media, literature, or social interaction. It is not just a verb; it is a bridge between the physical world and the world of ideas.

For learners of Persian, the verb تابیدن can sometimes be confused with other verbs related to light or appearance. The most frequent error is using it interchangeably with درخشیدن (derakhshidan), which means 'to sparkle' or 'to glisten.' While both involve light, درخشیدن implies a flickering or brilliant reflection (like a diamond or a star), whereas تابیدن implies a steady emission of rays (like the sun or a lamp).

Confusion with 'To Endure': The noun تاب (tāb) also means 'endurance' or 'strength.' This leads some learners to mistakenly use the verb 'تابیدن' when they mean 'to tolerate' or 'to endure.' For that, the correct compound verb is تاب آوردن (tāb āvardan). Saying 'من نمی‌تابم' to mean 'I can't endure it' is incorrect; it would literally mean 'I am not shining.'

اشتباه: من در برابر این درد می‌تابم.
درست: من در برابر این درد تاب می‌آورم.
I endure this pain. (Don't confuse 'shining' with 'enduring')

Transitive vs. Intransitive: Another common pitfall is trying to make 'تابیدن' transitive without changing the form. If you want to say 'I shone the light on the book,' you cannot say 'من نور را به کتاب تابیدم.' You must use the causative form تاباندم (tābāndam) or the compound تابش دادم. 'تابیدن' is something the light does on its own.

Lastly, learners sometimes forget the correct preposition. While 'to' in English is 'به', in Persian, light often 'shines upon' something, requiring بر (bar). Using the wrong preposition might still be understood, but it won't sound idiomatic. Pay close attention to how native speakers describe the sun hitting the ground—they will almost always use 'بر' or 'به' depending on the specific nuance of direction versus contact.

To truly master the concept of 'shining' in Persian, it is helpful to compare تابیدن with its synonyms and related terms. Each word carries a specific 'flavor' of light, and choosing the right one will make your descriptions much more vivid and accurate.

تابیدن (Tābidan) vs. درخشیدن (Derakhshidan): As mentioned, تابیدن is for steady radiation (the sun). درخشیدن is for brilliance, sparkling, or outstanding performance. You would say a student 'درخشید' (shone/excelled) in an exam, but you wouldn't say they 'تابید' unless you were being very poetic about their inner light.
تابیدن (Tābidan) vs. تلالو کردن (Talalo' Kardan): This is a more formal, Arabic-rooted alternative. تلالو refers to the shimmering or glistening of light, often on water or glass. It is more decorative and visual than the physical process of تابیدن.
تابیدن (Tābidan) vs. روشن کردن (Roshan Kardan): This means 'to turn on' (a light) or 'to illuminate' (a room). It is an active, transitive verb. While 'تابیدن' describes the light's action, 'روشن کردن' describes the result or the person's action of providing light.

خورشید می‌تابد و زمین را روشن می‌کند.
The sun shines and illuminates the earth. (Note the two different verbs)

In summary, use تابیدن for the sun, moon, and lamps when focusing on the rays themselves. Use درخشیدن for diamonds and stars. Use روشن کردن for the act of lighting up a space. By differentiating these, you capture the poetic and precise nature of the Persian language.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The word 'آفتاب' (sun) literally comes from 'āf' (water/brightness) + 'tāb' (shining), reflecting the ancient Persian view of the sun as a source of radiant energy.

Guide de prononciation

UK /tɒːbiːˈdæn/

US /tɑːbiːˈdæn/

The primary stress is on the final syllable '-dan'. In conjugated forms like 'mi-tābad', the stress moves to 'tāb'.

Rime avec

خوابیدن (khābidan - to sleep) رسیدن (residan - to arrive) خریدن (kharidan - to buy) دیدن (didan - to see) کشیدن (keshidan - to pull) چیدن (chidan - to pick/arrange) دویدن (davidan - to run) پریدن (paridan - to fly/jump)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'ā' as a short 'a' like in 'cat'. In Persian, 'ā' is always long and deep.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Confusing the 'b' and 'p' sounds, though less common in this word.
Ignoring the silent 'h' in some related words like 'تابش' (tābesh).
Failing to distinguish between 'tābidan' and 'tāftān' in poetic readings.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts, though literary forms can be tricky.

Écriture 4/5

Requires correct conjugation and preposition use.

Expression orale 3/5

Common in daily life, especially for weather.

Écoute 3/5

Distinctive sound, easy to pick out in speech.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

نور (Light) خورشید (Sun) آسمان (Sky) دیدن (To see) روشن (Bright)

Apprends ensuite

درخشیدن (To sparkle) بازتاب (Reflection) تاب آوردن (To endure) روشن کردن (To illuminate) خاموش کردن (To turn off)

Avancé

تجلی (Manifestation) اشراق (Illuminationism) ساطع (Emitted) منور (Enlightened/Lit) تلالو (Glimmer)

Grammaire à connaître

Present Tense Conjugation

می + تاب + شناسه‌های شخصی (e.g., می‌تابم، می‌تابی، می‌تابد...)

Simple Past Tense

بن ماضی (تابید) + شناسه‌ها (e.g., تابیدم، تابیدی، تابید...)

Causative Formation

Present stem + 'ān' + 'dan' = تاباندن (to cause to shine).

Preposition Usage

Usually takes 'به' or 'بر' to indicate the target of the light.

Subjunctive Mood

ب + تاب + شناسه (e.g., بتابد) used after verbs of wanting or in wishes.

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Exemples par niveau

خورشید می‌تابد.

The sun shines.

Simple present tense using 'mi-' prefix.

ماه در شب می‌تابد.

The moon shines at night.

Subject + prepositional phrase + verb.

امروز آفتاب نمی‌تابد.

The sun is not shining today.

Negative present tense using 'ne-' prefix.

نور خورشید گرم است.

Sunlight is warm.

Using the noun 'noor' (light) derived from the concept.

آیا خورشید می‌تابد؟

Is the sun shining?

Simple question form.

خورشید به زمین می‌تابد.

The sun shines on the earth.

Using the preposition 'be' (to/on).

نور از پنجره می‌تابد.

Light shines from the window.

Using 'az' (from) to show the origin.

ستاره‌ها می‌تابند.

The stars shine.

Plural subject and verb agreement.

دیروز هوا خوب بود و خورشید تابید.

Yesterday the weather was good and the sun shone.

Simple past tense 'tābid'.

وقتی بیدار شدم، خورشید به صورتم می‌تابید.

When I woke up, the sun was shining on my face.

Past continuous tense 'mi-tābid'.

چراغ قوه را به جاده تاباند.

He shone the flashlight onto the road.

Causative form 'tābānd' (to make shine).

نور ماه به اتاق خواب من می‌تابید.

The moonlight was shining into my bedroom.

Specific location with preposition 'be'.

او می‌خواست نور به همه جا بتابد.

He wanted the light to shine everywhere.

Subjunctive mood 'betābad'.

خورشید از پشت ابرها تابید.

The sun shone from behind the clouds.

Prepositional phrase 'az posht-e' (from behind).

نور ضعیفی از دور می‌تابید.

A weak light was shining from afar.

Adjective 'za'if' (weak) modifying 'noor'.

آفتاب تابستان تند می‌تابد.

The summer sun shines intensely.

Adverb 'tond' (intense/fast).

نور امید در دل او تابید و لبخند زد.

The light of hope shone in his heart and he smiled.

Metaphorical usage of 'shining'.

پرتوهای خورشید بر دریاچه می‌تابیدند و آب می‌درخشید.

The sun's rays were shining on the lake and the water was sparkling.

Contrast between 'tābidan' (rays) and 'derakhshidan' (sparkling).

باید اجازه دهیم نور حقیقت به این موضوع بتابد.

We must allow the light of truth to shine upon this matter.

Abstract concept as the subject.

او با مهربانی به زندگی ما تابید.

He shone into our lives with kindness.

Metaphorical use for a person's influence.

نور زرد چراغ خیابان به داخل ماشین می‌تابید.

The yellow light of the streetlamp was shining inside the car.

Descriptive setting.

خورشید تابان در آسمان کویر می‌تابد.

The radiant sun shines in the desert sky.

Use of the adjective 'tābān' (radiant) from the same root.

ای کاش همیشه خورشید بر زندگی ما بتابد.

I wish the sun would always shine upon our lives.

Wish/Subjunctive usage.

نور از لای در به راهرو می‌تابید.

Light was shining through the crack of the door into the hallway.

Prepositional phrase 'az lā-ye' (from between/through).

اشعه‌های خورشید به طور عمودی بر استوا می‌تابند.

The sun's rays shine vertically upon the equator.

Scientific/Technical context.

عشق او مانند نوری بر روزهای تاریک من تابید.

His love shone like a light upon my dark days.

Simile using 'mānand-e' (like).

در آن لحظه، جرقه ای از نبوغ در ذهنش تابید.

At that moment, a spark of genius shone in his mind.

Abstract intellectual usage.

نور سرد ماه بر قبرستان قدیمی می‌تابید.

The cold light of the moon was shining on the old cemetery.

Atmospheric/Literary description.

برخی معتقدند که روح انسان پس از مرگ به سوی ابدیت می‌تابد.

Some believe the human soul shines toward eternity after death.

Philosophical/Spiritual context.

او سعی کرد نور جدیدی بر این معمای تاریخی بتاباند.

He tried to shine a new light on this historical mystery.

Idiomatic use of the causative 'tābāndan'.

پرتوهای ایکس به بدن بیمار تابیده شد.

X-rays were shone/radiated onto the patient's body.

Passive construction with 'tābide shod'.

نور فانوس دریایی به کشتی‌های دوردست می‌تابید.

The lighthouse light was shining toward distant ships.

Descriptive past continuous.

حقیقت چون خورشیدی از پس ابرهای جهل خواهد تابید.

Truth will shine like a sun from behind the clouds of ignorance.

Future tense with 'khāhad' + short infinitive.

نور معرفت بر جان سالک می‌تابد و او را دگرگون می‌کند.

The light of knowledge shines upon the seeker's soul and transforms him.

Sufi/Mystical vocabulary ('sālek', 'jān').

در اشعار حافظ، نور ازلی بر کل هستی می‌تابد.

In Hafez's poems, the eternal light shines upon all of existence.

Literary analysis context.

شدت تابش نور خورشید در این منطقه بسیار بالاست.

The intensity of solar radiation in this region is very high.

Using the noun 'tābesh' (radiation).

خورشید با سخاوت بر شاه و گدا یکسان می‌تابد.

The sun shines equally and generously upon the king and the beggar.

Moral/Philosophical observation.

بازتاب نور از آینه‌ها به سقف می‌تابید.

The reflection of light from the mirrors was shining onto the ceiling.

Complex subject 'bāztāb-e noor'.

او با کلامش نوری بر زوایای تاریک جامعه تاباند.

With his words, he shone a light on the dark corners of society.

Metaphorical causative.

نوری که از ستاره‌های دور می‌تابد، مربوط به هزاران سال پیش است.

The light that shines from distant stars belongs to thousands of years ago.

Relative clause 'ke... mitābad'.

تجلی انوار الهی بر قلب مومن می‌تابد.

The manifestation of divine lights shines upon the believer's heart.

High-level theological vocabulary ('tajalli', 'anvār').

در این جستار، به چگونگی تابیدن اندیشه‌های مدرن بر سنت خواهیم پرداخت.

In this essay, we will address how modern thoughts shine upon tradition.

Academic introduction style.

پرتو افکنی خورشید بر پهنه گیتی، حیاتی بی‌پایان می‌بخشد.

The sun's radiation over the expanse of the universe grants endless life.

Literary compound nouns ('parto afkani', 'pahne-ye giti').

نور تابان خرد، تیرگی‌های تعصب را می‌زداید.

The radiant light of wisdom dispels the darkness of prejudice.

Metaphorical personification.

آنچه بر ما می‌تابد، تنها سایه‌ای از واقعیت است.

What shines upon us is but a shadow of reality.

Philosophical 'An-che' (That which) structure.

او با نگاهی نافذ، گویی نوری به اعماق وجود طرف مقابل می‌تاباند.

With a piercing gaze, it was as if he shone a light into the depths of the other person's being.

Causative in a complex descriptive sentence.

تابش خیره‌کننده آفتاب کویر، دیدگان هر مسافری را می‌آزارد.

The dazzling radiation of the desert sun pains the eyes of every traveler.

Sophisticated descriptive adjectives ('khire-konande', 'didegān').

نور از روزنه‌های کوچک سقف به درون شبستان می‌تابید.

Light was shining through the small apertures of the ceiling into the inner sanctum.

Architectural/Historical context.

Collocations courantes

تابش خورشید

نور تابان

تابیدن به

مستقیم تابیدن

نور ماه

تابش اشعه

پرتو تابیدن

از پنجره تابیدن

بر دل تابیدن

شدت تابش

Phrases Courantes

آفتاب می‌تابد

— The sun is shining. Used as a simple weather observation.

بیا بیرون، آفتاب می‌تابد.

نور می‌تابد

— Light is shining. General observation of illumination.

از آن گوشه کمی نور می‌تابد.

بر همه می‌تابد

— It shines on everyone. Often used to describe equality or universal grace.

لطف خدا بر همه می‌تابد.

نور حقیقت تابید

— The light of truth shone. Used when a secret is revealed.

بالاخره نور حقیقت بر این پرونده تابید.

به گرمی تابیدن

— To shine warmly. Used for pleasant weather or kind presence.

خورشید به گرمی می‌تابید.

از دور می‌تابد

— It shines from afar. Used for distant lights or stars.

ستاره‌ای از دور می‌تابد.

به چشم تابیدن

— To shine into the eyes. Used when light is blinding.

نور ماشین به چشمم تابید.

نور امید تابیدن

— Hope shining. A very common metaphorical expression.

در ناامیدی، نوری تابید.

بر سطح آب تابیدن

— Shining on the water surface. Descriptive of nature.

مهتاب بر سطح آب می‌تابید.

مورب تابیدن

— To shine at an angle. Used for late afternoon sun.

نور عصرگاهی مورب می‌تابید.

Souvent confondu avec

تابیدن vs تاب آوردن

Means 'to endure' or 'to tolerate.' It uses the same noun 'tab' (strength) but is a completely different action.

تابیدن vs درخشیدن

Means 'to sparkle' or 'to glitter.' Use this for diamonds and stars, and 'tābidan' for the sun's rays.

تابیدن vs پیچیدن

While 'tābidan' can mean to twist thread, 'pichidan' is the much more common word for 'to twist' or 'to wrap' in modern Persian.

Expressions idiomatiques

"تاب و توان"

— Strength and endurance. While 'tab' here relates to 'twisting' or 'heat', it is a common idiom for energy.

دیگر تاب و توان ندارم.

Neutral

"آفتاب لب بام"

— Sun on the edge of the roof. Idiom for being at the end of one's life or a period.

عمرش مثل آفتاب لب بام است.

Informal/Literary

"نور به قبرش ببارد"

— May light rain on his grave. A prayer for the deceased, related to the concept of divine light shining.

خدا بیامرزدش، نور به قبرش ببارد.

Religious/Traditional

"مثل خورشید می‌تابد"

— It shines like the sun. Used for something obvious or very beautiful.

حقیقت مثل خورشید می‌تابد.

Neutral

"تاب از کف دادن"

— To lose patience or endurance. (Using the 'tab' noun).

او تاب از کف داد و گریه کرد.

Literary

"نور چشمی"

— Light of the eye. A beloved person (often a child), related to the value of light.

او نور چشمی پدربزرگش است.

Informal

"آفتاب آمد دلیل آفتاب"

— The sun came as proof of the sun. Used when something is self-evident.

نیازی به توضیح نیست، آفتاب آمد دلیل آفتاب.

Literary/Proverb

"ماه مجلس"

— The moon of the gathering. The most beautiful or important person in a room.

او با ورودش ماه مجلس شد.

Poetic

"سایه انداختن"

— To cast a shadow. The opposite of shining, but often used in the same context of light sources.

درخت بر زمین سایه انداخت.

Neutral

"رو سفید شدن"

— To be white-faced (proud/successful). Light and whiteness are associated with honor.

با این کار رو سفید شدی.

Informal

Facile à confondre

تابیدن vs درخشیدن

Both relate to light.

Tābidan is for steady emission of rays (sun); Derakhshidan is for brilliant reflection or sparkling (diamonds).

خورشید می‌تابد اما الماس می‌درخشد.

تابیدن vs روشن کردن

Both involve making things visible.

Roshan kardan is the action of turning on a light; Tābidan is the action of the light rays themselves.

من چراغ را روشن کردم تا نور بتابد.

تابیدن vs تاباندن

Same root.

Tābidan is intransitive (it shines); Tābāndan is transitive/causative (you shine/direct the light).

خورشید می‌تابد، اما من نور را به دیوار می‌تابانم.

تابیدن vs تلالو

Both describe light.

Tābidan is the verb; Talalo is a noun/formal verb for shimmering light on surfaces like water.

تلالو نور بر آب زیباست.

تابیدن vs سوسو زدن

Both describe light emission.

Tābidan is steady; Susu zadan is flickering or twinkling (like a weak candle or distant star).

شمع سوسو می‌زد اما خورشید می‌تابید.

Structures de phrases

[Source] می‌تابد.

خورشید می‌تابد.

[Source] به [Place] می‌تابد.

نور به اتاق می‌تابد.

[Abstract Subject] در [Location] تابید.

امید در دلش تابید.

[Person] نور را به [Object] تاباند.

او نور را به نقشه تاباند.

[Source] بر [Surface] می‌تابید.

مهتاب بر دریا می‌تابید.

[Source] چون [Simile] می‌تابد.

حقیقت چون خورشید می‌تابد.

تابشِ [Noun] بر [Object] ...

تابشِ آفتاب بر کویر خیره‌کننده است.

Any

بتاب ای [Vocative]!

بتاب ای خورشید!

Famille de mots

Noms

تابش (tābesh) - radiation/shining

بازتاب (bāztāb) - reflection

آفتاب (āftāb) - sun/sunlight

مهتاب (mahtāb) - moonlight

تابنده (tābande) - shiner/radiant thing

Verbes

تاباندن (tābāndan) - to cause to shine/radiate

بازتابیدن (bāztābidan) - to reflect

تافتن (tāftan) - archaic/literary form of to shine

Adjectifs

تابان (tābān) - radiant/shining

تابناک (tābnāk) - luminous/bright

آفتابی (āftābi) - sunny

مهتابی (mahtābi) - moonlit

Apparenté

نور (noor) - light

پرتو (parto) - ray/beam

اشعه (ash'e) - ray/radiation

درخشش (derakhshesh) - brilliance

روشنایی (roshanāyi) - illumination

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very high in literature, weather reports, and spiritual discourse.

Erreurs courantes

من نور را به اتاق تابیدم. → من نور را به اتاق تاباندم.
Tābidan is intransitive. You cannot 'shine something.' You must use the causative 'tābāndan' if you are the one directing the light.
الماس می‌تابد. → الماس می‌درخشد.
Diamonds don't emit their own rays; they reflect light. Therefore, 'derakhshidan' (to sparkle) is the correct verb.
من نمی‌توانم این وضعیت را بتابم. → من نمی‌توانم این وضعیت را تاب بیاورم.
To mean 'endure,' you must use the compound verb 'tāb āvardan.' Using 'tābidan' alone just means 'to shine.'
خورشید در آسمان می‌درخشد. → خورشید در آسمان می‌تابد.
While 'derakhshidan' isn't grammatically wrong for a very bright sun, 'tābidan' is the standard verb for the sun's radiation.
نور از خورشید می‌تاباند. → نور از خورشید می‌تابد.
The sun shines naturally, so you use the simple intransitive form, not the causative.

Astuces

Master the Stems

Memorize the pair 'tāb' (present) and 'tābid' (past). This is a regular verb, making it a great model for learning how Persian verbs change between tenses.

Learn the Family

Don't just learn the verb. Learn 'āftāb' (sun), 'mahtāb' (moonlight), and 'bāztāb' (reflection). They all share the same root and will help you recognize related concepts.

Poetic Connection

Persian poetry is full of light. When you see 'tābidan', think of it as a positive, life-giving force. It's almost always a good thing in a Persian sentence.

Weather Talk

Iranians love talking about the weather. 'آفتاب می‌تابد' is a perfect way to start a conversation on a nice day.

Shine vs. Sparkle

Use 'tābidan' for the source (sun) and 'derakhshidan' for the reflection (jewels). This distinction is a hallmark of an intermediate learner.

Heart Light

Use 'تابیدن' for emotions. 'نور شادی در چشمانش تابید' (The light of joy shone in her eyes) makes your Persian sound sophisticated and soulful.

Technical Terms

In scientific contexts, 'tābesh' is the word for radiation. If you're interested in physics or medicine, this root is essential.

Command the Light

The command 'بتاب!' (Shine!) is very common in poetry and songs. It's a powerful, evocative word to use.

Preposition Power

Practice using 'بر' (bar) for a more literary feel and 'به' (be) for everyday speech. Both are correct, but they change the tone.

Colloquial Shortening

In fast speech, 'می‌تابد' often sounds like 'mi-tābe'. Listen for that 'e' ending in movies and conversations.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'Table' (Tab) in the sun. The sun shines on the 'Tab'idan. Imagine a giant 'Tāb' (swing) in the park where the sun is always shining.

Association visuelle

Visualize a golden sun with long rays (tāb) reaching down like fingers to touch the earth. Each ray is a 'tābidan' action.

Word Web

خورشید (Sun) نور (Light) تابش (Radiation) گرم (Hot) روز (Day) آسمان (Sky) پرتو (Ray) روشن (Bright)

Défi

Try to use 'تابیدن' in three different ways today: once for the weather, once for a lamp, and once for a feeling of hope.

Origine du mot

Derived from the Middle Persian word 'tāftan' or 'tāp-'. It has roots in the Old Persian and Avestan languages, where light and fire were central to spiritual life.

Sens originel : The root is associated with heat and burning, as well as shining. This is why it can also mean 'to twist' (like thread over a flame) in some contexts.

Indo-European, specifically Indo-Iranian. It is related to the Sanskrit 'tapati' (to be hot) and the Latin 'tepere' (to be warm).

Contexte culturel

No specific sensitivities; light is a universally positive concept in Persian culture.

In English, we use 'shine' for both the sun and a polished shoe. In Persian, you would use 'تابیدن' for the sun but 'برق زدن' for the shoe.

The poetry of Rumi (Molana) frequently uses 'تابیدن' to describe spiritual enlightenment. The song 'Ey Iran' mentions the light and glory of the land. Classical miniature paintings often depict rays of light 'تابیدن' from holy figures.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Weather and Nature

آفتاب می‌تابد
شدت تابش خورشید
هوای آفتابی
نور ماه در شب

Architecture and Housing

نورگیر بودن اتاق
تابیدن نور از پنجره
روشنایی طبیعی
جهت تابش

Poetry and Literature

نور عشق تابید
خورشید معرفت
بتاب ای مهتاب
پرتو حق

Science and Optics

تابش الکترومغناطیسی
زاویه تابش
منبع نور
تابش اشعه

Emotional States

نور امید در دل
شادی در چشمانش تابید
نگاه تابان
لبخند درخشان

Amorces de conversation

"آیا امروز خورشید در شهر شما می‌تابد؟ (Is the sun shining in your city today?)"

"دوست داری نور خورشید به اتاقت بتابد یا سایه را ترجیح می‌دهی؟ (Do you like sunlight to shine into your room or prefer shade?)"

"به نظر تو چرا در شعرها همیشه نور به دل می‌تابد؟ (Why do you think light always shines into the heart in poems?)"

"آخرین باری که نور ماه بر دریا می‌تابید را یادت هست؟ (Do you remember the last time moonlight was shining on the sea?)"

"چگونه می‌توانیم نور مهربانی را به زندگی دیگران بتابانیم؟ (How can we shine the light of kindness into others' lives?)"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره روزی بنویسید که خورشید بسیار تند می‌تابید و شما چه کردید. (Write about a day the sun was shining very intensely and what you did.)

معنای 'نور امید' برای شما چیست و چه زمانی در زندگی‌تان تابیده است؟ (What does 'light of hope' mean to you and when has it shone in your life?)

توصیف کنید که چگونه نور از پنجره به خانه شما می‌تابد. (Describe how light shines from the window into your home.)

اگر می‌توانستید نوری به یک مشکل بزرگ در جهان بتابانید، آن کدام بود؟ (If you could shine a light on one big problem in the world, which would it be?)

یک قطعه ادبی کوتاه درباره تابیدن ماه بر یک جنگل تاریک بنویسید. (Write a short literary piece about the moon shining on a dark forest.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, while it is most common for the sun, it can refer to the moon, stars, lamps, flashlights, or even metaphorical 'light' like hope or truth. Any source that emits rays can 'tābidan'.

The present stem is 'تاب' (tāb). You use this to form the present tense (می‌تابد) and the imperative (بتاب).

Not really. In that metaphorical sense of 'excelling,' Persian uses 'درخشیدن' (derakhshidan). You would say 'او در جلسه درخشید' (He shone in the meeting).

'تافتن' is the older, more formal version of the same verb. You will see it in classical poetry (like Shahnameh), but in modern spoken and written Persian, 'تابیدن' is the standard.

No, it is intransitive. The light shines (نور می‌تابد). If you want to say you are shining the light on something, you use the causative form 'تاباندن' (tābāndan).

You use the past continuous: 'خورشید می‌تابید' (khorshid mi-tābid).

Yes, but this is a secondary and less common meaning in modern Persian, mostly used in technical contexts like spinning wool. For 'to twist' in general, people use 'پیچاندن' or 'تاب دادن'.

The most common are 'به' (to) and 'بر' (upon). For example: 'خورشید به زمین می‌تابد' or 'نور بر دیوار می‌تابید'.

'تابش' is the noun form, meaning 'radiation' or 'shining.' 'تابیدن' is the verb 'to shine.' You use 'تابش' for scientific terms like 'تابش خورشیدی' (solar radiation).

You would use the causative: 'نور را به چشم من نتابان' (Noor rā be cheshm-e man natābān).

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