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B2 adjective 8 min de lecture

ظاهری

zaheri

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces ظاهری en 30 secondes

Explication ظاهری in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'zāherī' describes how something looks on the outside. It is like saying 'external' or 'visual'. For example, if you see a beautiful car, you might talk about its 'zāherī' beauty. It is the opposite of things you cannot see, like someone's feelings. Just remember: 'zāher' is the look, and 'zāherī' is the word we use to describe that look. You will mostly use it for simple things like 'outward appearance' (surat-e zaheri) or 'visible changes'. It is an easy way to start describing the world around you based on what your eyes can see.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'zāherī' to distinguish between the outside and the inside of objects. You might describe a house as having 'zāherī' problems (like peeling paint) even if the inside is perfect. You also start to see it in phrases like 'vije-gi-haye zaheri' (outward characteristics). This helps you describe people and things more accurately. For example, 'He looks like his father' is a 'shaba-hate zaheri' (outward resemblance). It is a step up from just 'seeing' to 'categorizing' what you see as being on the surface.

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At the B1 level, 'zāherī' becomes useful for discussing social situations and feelings. You might notice that someone has a 'zāherī' smile, meaning they are smiling but might not be happy inside. This is where the word starts to mean 'superficial'. You can use it to talk about 'superficial friendships' or 'apparent peace'. It is a key word for expressing that things are not always what they seem. You will also use it in more professional contexts, like describing the 'external features' of a product you want to buy.

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At the B2 level, you use 'zāherī' to analyze complex topics. You can discuss the 'zāherī' aspects of a political policy versus its actual impact. You understand the philosophical difference between 'zāher' (the manifest) and 'bāten' (the hidden). You can use the word to critique art, literature, or social trends. For instance, you might argue that a city's growth is only 'zāherī' because the infrastructure is still old. You are now using the word to point out contradictions between the surface and the core of an issue.

At the C1 level, 'zāherī' is used in nuanced academic and literary discussions. You might explore the 'zāherī' meaning of a poem versus its mystical interpretation. You can use it in legal contexts to describe 'apparent authority' or in psychology to discuss 'manifest behaviors'. Your use of the word implies a deep understanding of Persian thought, where the 'zāher' is often viewed as a veil or a reflection of a deeper reality. You can switch between literal, metaphorical, and technical uses of the word with ease.

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At the C2 level, 'zāherī' is a tool for sophisticated rhetoric. You use it to deconstruct arguments, pointing out where logic is only 'zāherī' (superficial) but fails under scrutiny. You can discuss complex theological concepts like the 'zāherī' and 'bātenī' dimensions of religious law. You use the word to describe the most subtle visual nuances in classical Persian art or the intricate social masks used in high-level diplomacy. At this stage, the word is not just a descriptor but a philosophical category in your vocabulary.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

ظاهری en 30 secondes

Refers to the outward, visible, or external side of things.
Often used to contrast surface appearance with inner reality.
Common in contexts like physical looks, superficial changes, or apparent peace.
Essential for distinguishing between the 'Zāher' (manifest) and 'Bāten' (hidden).

The Persian word ظاهری (zāherī) is a multifaceted adjective derived from the Arabic root 'z-h-r', which pertains to visibility, manifestation, and the exterior. In its most literal sense, it refers to the outward appearance of things—the part that is immediately visible to the eye. However, its usage in Persian culture and language goes far deeper than mere physical description. It often carries a philosophical or psychological weight, contrasting the 'manifest' (zāher) with the 'hidden' or 'internal' (bāten). When you use this word, you are often drawing a line between what is seen on the surface and what lies beneath, whether you are talking about a person's physical features, the superficial aspects of a political agreement, or the external characteristics of a building.

Physical Appearance: In everyday conversation, it describes physical traits. For instance, 'تغییرات ظاهری' (external changes) might refer to a new haircut or a fresh coat of paint on a house. It is the go-to word for discussing aesthetics without necessarily implying depth.

او همیشه به آراستگی ظاهری خود اهمیت زیادی می‌دهد.
(He always pays a lot of attention to his outward neatness/appearance.)

Superficiality vs. Reality: In a more abstract sense, it is used to describe things that are only true on the surface. A 'peace' that is only 'ظاهری' is one where the fighting has stopped but the underlying tension remains. This usage is common in political analysis and psychology.

این یک شباهت ظاهری است و در اصل با هم تفاوت دارند.
(This is a superficial resemblance; they are fundamentally different.)

Formal and Technical Use: In legal or formal contexts, it refers to the 'apparent' state of affairs. For example, 'نقص ظاهری' (apparent defect) refers to a flaw in a product that is visible upon inspection, as opposed to a hidden mechanical failure.

آرامش او فقط جنبه ظاهری دارد.
(His calmness is only on the surface/outward.)

او به ویژگی‌های ظاهری کالا توجه کرد.
(He paid attention to the external features of the product.)

تفاوت‌های ظاهری نباید باعث تبعیض شود.
(Outward differences should not lead to discrimination.)

In summary, 'zāherī' is essential for distinguishing between the facade and the core. Whether you are describing a person's looks, a temporary fix, or a deceptive personality, this word provides the necessary nuance to describe the 'surface' of reality.

Using ظاهری correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective. In Persian grammar, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify, connected by the 'Ezafe' (the short -e sound). For example, 'زیباییِ ظاهری' (zibāyi-ye zāherī) means 'outward beauty'. Because it ends in a 'yā' (ی), it is already in its adjectival form, derived from the noun 'ظاهر' (zāher - appearance).

As an Attributive Adjective: This is the most common use. It modifies a noun to specify that the quality is external. Common pairings include 'تغییرات ظاهری' (outward changes), 'نقص ظاهری' (visible defect), and 'آرامش ظاهری' (surface-level calm).

آنها فقط به جنبه‌های ظاهری موضوع پرداختند.
(They only dealt with the superficial aspects of the matter.)

As a Predicative Adjective: When used with the verb 'to be' (بودن), it describes a subject. For example, 'این دوستی ظاهری است' (This friendship is superficial). This structure is used to emphasize that something is not genuine or deep.

این مشکل فقط ظاهری است و به موتور آسیب نزده است.
(This problem is only external and hasn't damaged the engine.)

In Comparisons: You can use 'zāherī' in comparative structures. 'این طرح از نظر ظاهری بهتر است' (This design is better from an external/visual perspective). Here, 'az nazar-e' (from the point of view of) is a common prepositional phrase used with 'zāherī'.

شباهت ظاهری این دو برادر بسیار زیاد است.
(The outward resemblance of these two brothers is very high.)

او با یک لبخند ظاهری وارد اتاق شد.
(He entered the room with a superficial smile.)

ساختمان از لحاظ ظاهری بازسازی شده است.
(The building has been renovated in terms of its appearance.)

Whether in literature, technical manuals, or daily gossip, 'zāherī' acts as a bridge between the noun and its visible properties. It is a versatile tool for any speaker aiming for precision in description.

In contemporary Iran and Persian-speaking regions, ظاهری is ubiquitous. You will hear it in the news, read it in fashion blogs, and encounter it in psychological discussions. Its prevalence stems from a cultural preoccupation with the balance between 'Zāher' (the manifest) and 'Bāten' (the hidden), a concept deeply rooted in Sufism and Persian ethics.

In the News and Media: Journalists use 'zāherī' to describe diplomatic gestures. If two countries sign an agreement but continue to have disputes, a reporter might call it a 'توافق ظاهری' (a superficial or apparent agreement). It highlights the skepticism often present in political discourse.

علیرغم تفاوت‌های ظاهری، هر دو حزب بر سر این موضوع توافق دارند.
(Despite outward differences, both parties agree on this matter.)

In Fashion and Beauty: With the rise of social media in Iran, 'آراستگی ظاهری' (outward grooming/neatness) is a common topic. Bloggers discuss 'تغییرات ظاهری' (visual changes) through makeup or surgery. Here, the word is neutral, focusing on the aesthetic result.

او به دنبال زیبایی ظاهری نیست، بلکه اخلاق برایش مهم است.
(He is not looking for outward beauty, but rather character is important to him.)

In Professional Settings: Engineers and architects use it to distinguish between the 'shell' of a structure and its structural integrity. A 'بازسازی ظاهری' means only the visible parts were fixed, not the foundation.

این گزارش فقط به بررسی ظاهری دستگاه بسنده کرده است.
(This report has sufficed with an external inspection of the device.)

تناسب ظاهری اجزای دکوراسیون بسیار مهم است.
(The visual harmony of the decoration components is very important.)

او یک آرامش ظاهری دارد که دیگران را فریب می‌دهد.
(He has an outward calm that deceives others.)

From the bazaar to the boardroom, 'zāherī' is the word used to define the boundaries of what can be seen. It is a critical term for anyone navigating the nuances of Persian social and professional life.

While ظاهری is a straightforward adjective, learners often stumble over its distinction from related words or its specific connotations. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Persian sound more natural and precise.

Confusing 'Zāher' and 'Zāherī': 'Zāher' (ظاهر) is a noun meaning 'appearance' or 'exterior'. 'Zāherī' (ظاهری) is the adjective. You say 'ظاهرِ او' (his appearance) but 'زیباییِ ظاهری' (outward beauty). Using the noun where an adjective is needed is a common beginner error.

اشتباه: تغییرات ظاهر (Wrong: Appearance changes)
درست: تغییرات ظاهری (Correct: Outward changes)

Misusing 'Zāheran' vs. 'Zāherī': 'Zāheran' (ظاهراً) is an adverb meaning 'apparently' or 'seemingly'. Use 'zāherī' when describing a noun and 'zāheran' when describing a situation or action. For example, 'He is apparently tired' (او ظاهراً خسته است) vs 'He has an outward tiredness' (او خستگی ظاهری دارد).

او ظاهراً خوشحال است، اما در واقع غمگین است.
(He is apparently happy, but in reality, he is sad.)

Overusing 'Sathī' (Shallow): While 'zāherī' and 'sathī' (سطحی) can both mean superficial, 'sathī' is often more negative, implying a lack of intelligence or depth. 'Zāherī' is more neutral, simply stating that something is external. Don't use 'sathī' to describe a physical 'external' part of a machine; use 'zāherī'.

این یک مطالعه سطحی بود.
(This was a shallow/superficial study - implying it lacked depth.)

بررسی ظاهری نشان داد که بدنه سالم است.
(An external inspection showed the body is intact.)

نباید فریب وعده‌های ظاهری را خورد.
(One should not be fooled by superficial promises.)

By keeping these distinctions in mind—noun vs. adjective, adjective vs. adverb, and neutral vs. negative—you will use 'zāherī' with the precision of a native speaker.

To truly master ظاهری, you must see how it fits into the broader ecosystem of Persian adjectives describing appearance and depth. Here is a breakdown of its synonyms and how they differ.

Zāherī vs. Sathī (سطحی): 'Zāherī' focuses on the *location* (the outside). 'Sathī' focuses on the *lack of depth*. You use 'zāherī' for an external wall, but 'sathī' for a person who doesn't think deeply about issues.

Zāherī vs. Berūnī (بیرونی): 'Berūnī' is more literal and spatial. It means 'external' or 'outside'. While 'zāherī' can mean external, it often carries the connotation of 'what is visible'. 'Berūnī' is used for an 'external hard drive' (هارد بیرونی), whereas 'zāherī' is used for 'external beauty'.

این لایه بیرونی محافظ است.
(This outer layer is protective.)

Zāherī vs. Sūrī (صوری): 'Sūrī' is a formal, often academic or legal term. It means 'formal' or 'pro forma'. It is used for things that exist only in name or form but have no real substance. A 'formal marriage' (ازدواج صوری) for visa purposes uses 'sūrī', not 'zāherī'.

آنها یک معامله صوری انجام دادند.
(They conducted a pro forma/sham transaction.)

او فقط به جنبه‌های ظاهری تمدن مدرن توجه دارد.
(He only pays attention to the outward aspects of modern civilization.)

دانش او در این زمینه بسیار سطحی است.
(His knowledge in this field is very shallow.)

Understanding these subtle differences allows you to choose the exact word for the context, whether you are discussing a building's facade, a person's intellect, or a legal contract.

How Formal Is It?

Formel

"تغییرات ظاهری بنا در گزارش قید شده است."

Neutre

"او به ظاهر ظاهری خود می‌رسد."

Informel

"اینا همش ظاهریه، باور نکن."

Child friendly

"این اسباب‌بازی از بیرون (ظاهری) خیلی قشنگه."

Argot

"طرف خیلی ظاهربینه."

Le savais-tu ?

In Persian philosophy, 'zāher' is often compared to the 'shell' (pūst) while 'bāten' is the 'kernel' (maghz). This word is central to Persian mystical poetry.

Guide de prononciation

UK zɒːheˈriː

US zɑːheˈriː

The stress is on the final syllable '-rī'.

Rime avec

باطنی (bātenī) بستری (bastarī) داوری (dāvarī) مشتری (moshtarī) رهبری (rahbarī) سروری (sarvarī) کشوری (keshvarī) لشکری (lashkarī)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'z' as 'j'.
Making the 'h' too harsh (it should be light).
Shortening the final 'ī' sound.
Putting stress on the first syllable.
Pronouncing the 'ā' like the 'a' in 'cat'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Easy to recognize if you know the root 'zāher'.

Écriture 4/5

Requires correct use of the 'yā-ye nesbat' suffix.

Expression orale 3/5

Commonly used, but needs correct stress on the last syllable.

Écoute 3/5

Easily confused with 'zāheran' if not careful.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

ظاهر صورت بیرون خوب زیبا

Apprends ensuite

باطنی سطحی درونی واقعی ماهیت

Avancé

هرمنوتیک تجلی نمود ماهوی عرضی

Grammaire à connaître

The '-ī' suffix (Yā-ye Nesbat)

ظاهر (Appearance) + ی = ظاهری (Outward/Adjective).

Ezafe Construction

زیباییِ ظاهری (Linking noun and adjective with -e).

Adjective Position

In Persian, 'zāherī' almost always follows the noun.

Contrastive Adjectives

Using 'zāherī' and 'bātenī' in the same sentence to show contrast.

Adverbial Phrases

Using 'az nazar-e' or 'az lehāz-e' with 'zāherī'.

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Exemples par niveau

او به زیبایی ظاهری علاقه دارد.

He is interested in outward beauty.

Adjective follows the noun with Ezafe.

این ماشین از نظر ظاهری خوب است.

This car is good in terms of appearance.

Using 'az nazar-e' (from the point of view of).

تغییرات ظاهری کوچک هستند.

The outward changes are small.

Plural noun with singular adjective.

صورت ظاهری او مهربان است.

His outward face (look) is kind.

Noun phrase.

رنگ ظاهری دیوار آبی است.

The outward color of the wall is blue.

Simple description.

لباس او جنبه ظاهری خوبی دارد.

His clothes have a good outward aspect.

Formal structure.

این یک تفاوت ظاهری است.

This is an outward difference.

Simple classification.

من به ویژگی‌های ظاهری توجه می‌کنم.

I pay attention to outward features.

Verb phrase.

مشکلات ظاهری خانه حل شد.

The house's external problems were solved.

Subject of the sentence.

آنها شباهت ظاهری زیادی دارند.

They have a lot of outward resemblance.

Common collocation.

نقص ظاهری در کالا دیده نمی‌شود.

No visible defect is seen in the product.

Passive voice.

او فقط به آراستگی ظاهری فکر می‌کند.

He only thinks about outward neatness.

Focusing adverb 'faghat'.

این یک تغییر ظاهری در برنامه است.

This is a superficial change in the schedule.

Indefinite noun.

ساختمان از لحاظ ظاهری مدرن است.

The building is modern from an appearance standpoint.

Prepositional phrase 'az lehāz-e'.

او با یک لبخند ظاهری سلام کرد.

He said hello with a superficial smile.

Descriptive adjective.

اوصاف ظاهری او در نامه آمد.

His outward descriptions came (were mentioned) in the letter.

Formal plural 'owsāf'.

دوستی آنها فقط جنبه ظاهری داشت.

Their friendship only had an outward aspect (was superficial).

Past tense.

آرامش او ظاهری بود و در دل نگران بود.

His calm was outward, and he was worried at heart.

Contrastive structure.

این گزارش به بررسی ظاهری اکتفا کرد.

This report sufficed with an external investigation.

Verb 'ektefā kardan'.

تفاوت‌های ظاهری نباید مانع همکاری شود.

Outward differences should not prevent cooperation.

Modal verb 'nabāyad'.

او به دنبال کمال ظاهری در هنر است.

He is seeking outward perfection in art.

Abstract noun phrase.

این یک صلح ظاهری بین دو کشور است.

This is a superficial peace between two countries.

Political context.

باید از مرزهای ظاهری عبور کرد.

One must cross outward boundaries.

Metaphorical use.

او به نظم ظاهری اتاقش اهمیت می‌دهد.

He values the outward order of his room.

Possessive structure.

او به جای اصل موضوع، به حواشی ظاهری پرداخت.

Instead of the main subject, he dealt with superficial margins.

Contrast 'asl' vs 'havāshi'.

اعتماد به نفس او فقط جنبه ظاهری دارد.

His self-confidence only has an outward aspect.

Psychological description.

این اصلاحات فقط تغییراتی ظاهری در سیستم ایجاد کرد.

These reforms only created superficial changes in the system.

Causal relationship.

زیبایی ظاهری بدون اخلاق ارزشی ندارد.

Outward beauty has no value without morality.

Conditional/Ethical statement.

او با دقت به جزئیات ظاهری صحنه نگریست.

He looked carefully at the outward details of the scene.

Adverbial phrase 'bā deghat'.

این شباهت ظاهری ممکن است فریب‌دهنده باشد.

This outward resemblance might be deceptive.

Modal 'momken ast'.

او سعی کرد با حفظ آرامش ظاهری، بر ترسش غلبه کند.

He tried to overcome his fear by maintaining an outward calm.

Gerund-like structure 'bā hefz-e'.

تناسب ظاهری در طراحی این خودرو رعایت شده است.

Visual proportion has been observed in the design of this car.

Passive voice 'ra'āyat shode ast'.

در فلسفه، تمایز میان نمود ظاهری و بود واقعی اساسی است.

In philosophy, the distinction between outward appearance and true being is fundamental.

Academic terminology.

او به تحلیل ساختارهای ظاهری متن بسنده نکرد.

He did not suffice with analyzing the outward structures of the text.

Literary criticism context.

این توافق صرفاً یک نمایش ظاهری برای جلب افکار عمومی بود.

This agreement was merely a superficial show to attract public opinion.

Political analysis.

او از ویژگی‌های ظاهری برای پنهان کردن هویت اصلی‌اش استفاده کرد.

He used outward features to hide his original identity.

Complex purpose clause.

پایداری ظاهری اقتصاد، بحران‌های زیرپوستی را پوشانده است.

The apparent stability of the economy has covered subcutaneous (hidden) crises.

Economic metaphor.

او به پارادوکس میان قدرت ظاهری و ضعف باطنی اشاره کرد.

He pointed to the paradox between outward power and inner weakness.

Sophisticated vocabulary.

تغییرات ظاهری در زبان، بازتاب تحولات عمیق اجتماعی است.

Outward changes in language are reflections of deep social transformations.

Sociolinguistic context.

او با ظرافتی خاص به نقد آرایش‌های ظاهری جامعه پرداخت.

With a specific subtlety, he critiqued the superficial arrangements of society.

Critical theory.

تجلیات ظاهری حقیقت در عرفان، تنها سایه‌ای از ذات باری‌تعالی است.

The outward manifestations of truth in mysticism are but a shadow of the Divine Essence.

Mystical/Theological Persian.

او در رساله‌اش به تفکیک میان دلالت‌های ظاهری و هرمنوتیک متن پرداخت.

In his treatise, he dealt with the separation between outward significations and the hermeneutics of the text.

Advanced academic Persian.

این همگرایی ظاهری، در واقع واگرایی‌های بنیادین را در خود مستتر دارد.

This apparent convergence, in fact, holds fundamental divergences hidden within itself.

High-level political rhetoric.

او با مداقه در وجوه ظاهری پدیده، به کنه آن راه یافت.

By scrutinizing the outward aspects of the phenomenon, he found his way to its core.

Classical Persian vocabulary 'modāghe'.

در حقوق بین‌الملل، حاکمیت ظاهری گاه با واقعیت‌های ژئوپلیتیک در تضاد است.

In international law, apparent sovereignty is sometimes in conflict with geopolitical realities.

Legal/Political terminology.

او به نقد تقلیل‌گرایی پرداخت که جهان را به نمودهای ظاهری محدود می‌کند.

He critiqued the reductionism that limits the world to outward appearances.

Philosophical critique.

انسجام ظاهری روایت، گسست‌های روانی شخصیت را نمی‌پوشاند.

The outward coherence of the narrative does not cover the character's psychological ruptures.

Literary/Psychological analysis.

او میان نظم ظاهری مستبدانه و نظم باطنی دموکراتیک تمایز قائل شد.

He distinguished between autocratic outward order and democratic inner order.

Political philosophy.

Collocations courantes

زیبایی ظاهری

تغییرات ظاهری

شباهت ظاهری

آراستگی ظاهری

نقص ظاهری

آرامش ظاهری

جنبه ظاهری

ویژگی‌های ظاهری

نظم ظاهری

تفاوت ظاهری

Phrases Courantes

از نظر ظاهری

— From an appearance point of view. Used to limit a statement to just the looks.

از نظر ظاهری عالی است.

به لحاظ ظاهری

— In terms of appearance. A slightly more formal version of 'az nazar-e'.

به لحاظ ظاهری مشکلی ندارد.

حفظ ظاهر

— To keep up appearances. Usually implies hiding a problem.

او سعی کرد حفظ ظاهر کند.

فریب ظاهر را خوردن

— To be fooled by appearances.

نباید فریب ظاهر ظاهری او را خورد.

ظاهری فریبنده

— A deceptive appearance.

او ظاهری فریبنده دارد.

در حد ظاهری

— On a superficial level.

تغییرات فقط در حد ظاهری بود.

برخورد ظاهری

— A superficial encounter or treatment of a topic.

برخورد ظاهری با مشکلات فایده‌ای ندارد.

آرایش ظاهری

— Outward arrangement or decoration.

آرایش ظاهری مغازه تغییر کرد.

مشخصات ظاهری

— Physical specifications or features.

مشخصات ظاهری متهم اعلام شد.

نمود ظاهری

— Outward manifestation.

این خشم، نمود ظاهری دردهای اوست.

Souvent confondu avec

ظاهری vs ظاهر

This is the noun (appearance). Use 'zāherī' for the adjective (outward).

ظاهری vs ظاهراً

This is the adverb (apparently). Use it to modify verbs or whole ideas.

ظاهری vs سطحی

Use this for 'shallow' or 'unintelligent' instead of just 'external'.

Expressions idiomatiques

"ظاهر و باطن یکی بودن"

— To be the same inside and out; to be sincere.

او آدم صادقی است، ظاهر و باطنش یکی است.

Neutral

"رنگ و لعاب ظاهری"

— Superficial gloss or polish; something that looks good but has no substance.

این پروژه فقط رنگ و لعاب ظاهری دارد.

Informal

"صورت ظاهر"

— The outward face/form; how things seem.

به صورت ظاهر نگاه نکن.

Neutral

"ظاهر‌سازی کردن"

— To put up a front; to pretend.

او مدام ظاهر‌سازی می‌کند.

Neutral

"بزک ظاهری"

— Superficial embellishment (often used critically).

این‌ها فقط بزک ظاهری است.

Informal

"پوسته‌ ظاهری"

— The outer shell; the superficial layer.

او از پوسته ظاهری عبور کرد.

Literary

"نقاب ظاهری"

— An outward mask.

او نقاب ظاهری‌اش را برداشت.

Neutral

"جلوه ظاهری"

— Outward display or splendor.

این شهر جلوه ظاهری زیبایی دارد.

Neutral

"بازی با ظاهر"

— Playing with appearances; manipulation of looks.

او در بازی با ظاهر استاد است.

Informal

"آرامش قبل از طوفان ظاهری"

— An apparent calm before a storm.

این فقط یک آرامش ظاهری است.

Neutral

Facile à confondre

ظاهری vs صوری

Both can mean 'formal' or 'on the surface'.

'Sūrī' is specifically for things that exist in form but not in substance (like a sham marriage). 'Zāherī' is broader.

ازدواج صوری (Sham marriage) vs زیبایی ظاهری (Outward beauty).

ظاهری vs بیرونی

Both mean 'external'.

'Berūnī' is spatial/physical. 'Zāherī' is visual/phenomenal.

درِ بیرونی (Outer door) vs تغییرات ظاهری (Outward changes).

ظاهری vs نمایشی

Both can imply something is just for show.

'Namāyeshī' implies a performance or intentional acting. 'Zāherī' can be accidental.

حرکت نمایشی (A showy move) vs نقص ظاهری (A visible defect).

ظاهری vs آشکار

Both relate to being visible.

'Āshkār' means 'obvious' or 'clear'. 'Zāherī' means 'pertaining to the surface'.

دروغ آشکار (An obvious lie) vs شباهت ظاهری (Outward resemblance).

ظاهری vs پیدا

Both mean visible.

'Peydā' is a simple adjective for 'seen'. 'Zāherī' is more formal and descriptive of a category.

او پیدا نیست (He is not visible) vs جنبه ظاهری (Outward aspect).

Structures de phrases

[Noun] + [Ezafe] + ظاهری + [Verb]

ماشینِ ظاهری قشنگ است.

این + [Noun] + ظاهری + است

این تفاوت ظاهری است.

او + فقط به + [Noun] + ظاهری + اهمیت می‌دهد

او فقط به زیبایی ظاهری اهمیت می‌دهد.

از نظر ظاهری، + [Sentence]

از نظر ظاهری، همه چیز خوب به نظر می‌رسد.

علیرغم + [Noun] + ظاهری، + [Contrast Sentence]

علیرغم آرامش ظاهری، او بسیار نگران بود.

تمایز میان + [Noun] + ظاهری و + [Noun] + واقعی

تمایز میان قدرت ظاهری و قدرت واقعی مهم است.

این + [Noun] + جنبه + ظاهری + دارد

این دوستی جنبه ظاهری دارد.

[Noun] + به لحاظ ظاهری + [Adjective] + است

ساختمان به لحاظ ظاهری قدیمی است.

Famille de mots

Noms

Verbes

Adjectifs

Apparenté

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very common in both spoken and written Persian.

Erreurs courantes

Using 'zāher' instead of 'zāherī' as an adjective. → زیبایی ظاهری
'Zāher' is a noun. You need the '-ī' to make it an adjective.
Using 'zāherī' to mean 'foreign'. → ماشین خارجی
'Zāherī' means outward. 'Khārejī' means foreign.
Confusing 'zāherī' with 'zāheran'. → او ظاهراً خوشحال است.
Use the adverb 'zāheran' for 'apparently'.
Placing 'zāherī' before the noun. → تفاوت ظاهری
In Persian, adjectives follow the noun.
Using 'zāherī' for 'spatial outside'. → درِ بیرونی
Use 'berūnī' for the physical outside of a building.

Astuces

Precision in Description

Use 'zāherī' when you want to specify that you are only talking about what can be seen, avoiding any claims about the internal quality.

Ezafe Rule

Always remember the Ezafe (-e) when connecting a noun to 'zāherī'. Example: 'surat-e zāherī'.

The Root Connection

If you remember 'zāher' (appearance), 'zāherī' (outward), and 'zāheran' (apparently), you've mastered a whole cluster of useful words.

Cultural Nuance

In Iran, 'zāherī' is often linked to social etiquette. Being aware of this helps you understand why people emphasize outward politeness.

Academic Tone

In academic writing, 'zāherī' is preferred over 'sathī' because it sounds more objective and less judgmental.

Common Collocations

Memorize 'zibayi-ye zaheri' and 'taghyirat-e zaheri' as single units; they are used together very frequently.

Listen for Contrast

When you hear 'zāherī', wait for the 'ammā' (but) or 'bātenī' (inner) to follow. Persian speakers love this contrast.

Don't confuse with 'Khārejī'

'Khārejī' usually means 'foreign' or 'from another country'. Don't use it for 'outward appearance'.

The 'Back' Origin

Knowing the root means 'back' (zahr) helps you remember that 'zāher' is the part that is 'backed' or shown to the world.

Describing Art

When describing a painting, use 'zāherī' for the colors and lines, and 'ma'navī' or 'mohtavāyī' for the meaning.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Zāher' as 'The Air' around something—it's what you see first on the outside. Add 'ī' to make it 'Airy' (Zāherī), describing the surface level.

Association visuelle

Imagine a shiny, polished apple that is rotten inside. The shiny skin is the 'zāherī' part. It looks good, but it's just the surface.

Word Web

ظاهر باطن پیدا پنهان سطح عمق بیرون درون

Défi

Try to describe three things in your room using 'zāherī' (e.g., the color, the shape) and then three things that are NOT 'zāherī' (e.g., the purpose, the history).

Origine du mot

Derived from the Arabic root 'Z-H-R' (ظ-ه-ر), which relates to the back (zahr), being visible, or coming into view. The suffix '-ī' is the Persian 'yā-ye nesbat', turning the noun 'zāher' into an adjective.

Sens originel : Relating to that which is on the back or on the outside; hence, visible.

Afroasiatic (Arabic root) integrated into Indo-European (Persian) morphology.

Contexte culturel

Be careful when calling someone's actions 'zāherī'; it can imply they are being fake or hypocritical (monāfegh).

English speakers might use 'superficial' or 'outward'. 'Zāherī' is neutral like 'outward' but can be critical like 'superficial' depending on the tone.

Rumi's Masnavi: Often contrasts zāher and bāten. Saadi's Gulistan: Discusses the deceptive nature of appearances. Modern Iranian Cinema: Frequently explores the tension between public (zāherī) and private lives.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Physical Description

قد و قامت ظاهری
رنگ ظاهری
شکل ظاهری
تیپ ظاهری

Product Quality

بررسی ظاهری
عیب ظاهری
بسته‌بندی ظاهری
کیفیت ظاهری

Social Situations

احترام ظاهری
دوستی ظاهری
توافق ظاهری
لبخند ظاهری

Architecture

نمای ظاهری
بافت ظاهری
تزئینات ظاهری
بازسازی ظاهری

Psychology

رفتار ظاهری
شخصیت ظاهری
علائم ظاهری
آرامش ظاهری

Amorces de conversation

"آیا به نظر شما زیبایی ظاهری در ازدواج مهم است؟"

"چقدر به آراستگی ظاهری همکارانتان اهمیت می‌دهید؟"

"آیا تا به حال فریب ظاهر ظاهری کسی را خورده‌اید؟"

"تفاوت‌های ظاهری بین فرهنگ‌های مختلف را چگونه می‌بینید؟"

"به نظر شما چرا مردم اینقدر به جنبه‌های ظاهری زندگی اهمیت می‌دهند؟"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره زمانی بنویسید که یک تغییر ظاهری کوچک، حس شما را نسبت به خودتان تغییر داد.

آیا فکر می‌کنید شباهت ظاهری بین فرزندان و والدین لزوماً به معنای شباهت اخلاقی است؟

چگونه می‌توان میان یک دوستی واقعی و یک دوستی ظاهری تمایز قائل شد؟

نقش رسانه‌ها در ترویج استانداردهای زیبایی ظاهری چیست؟

توصیف کنید که چگونه یک ساختمان قدیمی با بازسازی ظاهری می‌تواند روح یک محله را عوض کند.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Yes, but usually to imply they are superficial or that what they show isn't their true self. For example, 'akhlaq-e zaheri' means outward behavior that might be fake.

No, it is often neutral. 'Vije-gi-haye zaheri' (physical features) is a neutral descriptive term used in biology or police reports.

The most common opposites are 'bātenī' (inner/spiritual) and 'darūnī' (internal).

You can use 'sathī' (shallow) or 'zāher-parast' (someone who only worships appearances).

No, for physical objects like that, 'berūnī' (external) or 'khārejī' (outside) is better. 'Zāherī' is for visual aspects.

Yes, very much so. It refers to the 'zāher' of the law (the rituals) as opposed to the 'bāten' (the spiritual meaning).

It means 'keeping up appearances' or 'maintaining the facade', often used when things are going wrong but you want to look okay.

Yes, in phrases like 'illat-e zaheri' (the apparent cause), meaning the cause that seems to be true on the surface.

Extremely common. Classical poets like Hafez and Rumi use the contrast of zāher and bāten constantly.

Zāheran is an adverb (apparently). Zāherī is an adjective (outward). 'Zāheran khaste ast' (He is apparently tired) vs 'Khastegi-ye zaheri' (Outward tiredness).

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