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تشخیص دادن

B1 verb #1,500 le plus courant 7 min de lecture

تشخیص دادن

takhkhis dadan Top 1,500

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'tashkhis dādan' often, but you might hear it in very simple contexts. Think of it as 'finding' or 'seeing' something clearly. For example, if you see a cat in a picture and say 'I see the cat,' a teacher might use this word to ask if you can 'identify' it. It's a big word for a beginner, but it's good to know it means 'to know what something is.' You can think of it like the word 'doctor' because doctors use it to find out why you are sick. At this level, just remember: Tashkhis = Identifying.

At the A2 level, you can start using 'tashkhis dādan' for simple identification tasks. For example, when you are learning colors or shapes, you can say 'I can identify the red color.' It is also useful when talking about basic health. If you go to a doctor, you might hear 'The doctor identified the problem.' You should start to see the difference between 'seeing' (didān) and 'identifying' (tashkhis dādan). Identification requires you to think a little bit more. You can also use it for recognizing voices or simple sounds.

At the B1 level, 'tashkhis dādan' becomes a key vocabulary item. You should be able to use it to talk about medical diagnoses, identifying problems in a car or computer, and distinguishing between two similar things. This is the level where you use the 'A rā az B' (A from B) pattern. For example, 'I can't distinguish Persian from Arabic writing.' You are moving beyond simple identification to more complex discernment. You will hear this word in news reports and more formal conversations. It is a 'bridge' word that makes your Persian sound more educated and precise.

At the B2 level, you use 'tashkhis dādan' for abstract concepts and professional scenarios. You might talk about 'identifying a trend' in the economy or 'diagnosing a social issue.' You understand the nuances between this verb and its synonyms like 'shenāsāyi kardan.' You can use it in the passive voice or in complex sentences with multiple clauses. For example, 'It was difficult to identify the main cause of the protest.' You also start to use the noun form 'tashkhis' (judgment/diagnosis) in phrases like 'In my judgment' (be tashkhis-e man).

At the C1 level, 'tashkhis dādan' is used with high precision in academic and professional writing. You use it to describe the identification of subtle patterns, the authentication of historical documents, or the discernment of complex philosophical arguments. You are comfortable using it in formal registers and understand its etymological roots. You can discuss the 'diagnostic criteria' (meyārhā-ye tashkhis) of a psychological condition or the 'identification' of a specific dialect's features. Your usage is fluid, and you rarely confuse it with simpler verbs.

At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'tashkhis dādan.' You can use it metaphorically and in highly specialized fields like law, advanced medicine, or literary criticism. You might use it to discuss the 'discernment of the soul' in classical Persian poetry or the 'identification of microscopic anomalies' in advanced physics. You understand all its connotations, including its use in legal statutes and high-level political discourse. You can use it to critique the 'judgment' (tashkhis) of experts and provide nuanced arguments using the word's full semantic range.

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

تشخیص دادن en 30 secondes

A versatile Persian compound verb used for medical diagnosis, identifying people, and distinguishing between different objects or concepts in various formal and informal contexts.
Combines 'tashkhis' (specification) and 'dādan' (to give). It is the standard term for medical diagnosis and professional identification in modern Persian.
Requires the auxiliary verb 'dādan' to be conjugated. Often used with the preposition 'az' to mean 'distinguishing one thing from another' (A rā az B).
Essential for B1 learners to move beyond simple verbs like 'seeing' to more analytical and precise communication in professional and daily life.

The Persian compound verb تشخیص دادن (tashkhis dādan) is a sophisticated and essential term in the Persian language, primarily used to describe the cognitive or professional act of identification, discernment, or diagnosis. At its core, it combines the Arabic-derived noun 'tashkhis' (meaning specification or distinction) with the Persian auxiliary verb 'dādan' (to give). While it is most famously associated with the medical field—where a doctor identifies a disease—its application spans across legal, social, technical, and everyday contexts. To 'tashkhis' something is to look beyond the surface and determine its true nature, identity, or origin. It implies an analytical process where one separates a specific entity from a background of noise or confusion.

Medical Context: In medicine, this verb is the standard term for 'to diagnose.' It refers to the process of identifying a medical condition or disease by examining symptoms and test results. For example, 'The doctor diagnosed the illness' translates to 'پزشک بیماری را تشخیص داد.'

پزشکان هنوز نتوانسته‌اند علت دقیق درد او را تشخیص دهند.

Translation: Doctors have not yet been able to diagnose the exact cause of his pain.

Beyond the clinic, the verb is used for sensory recognition. If you are in a dark room and manage to identify a familiar face, you are using 'tashkhis dādan.' It suggests a level of certainty that follows a period of uncertainty. In the realm of law and forensics, it is used for identifying suspects or verifying signatures. It is a 'high-register' verb, meaning it sounds more formal and precise than simple verbs like 'didān' (to see) or 'shenākhtan' (to know/recognize). When you use this word, you are signaling that a judgment or evaluation has taken place.

Legal and Forensic Use: Used when witnesses identify a criminal in a lineup or when experts verify the authenticity of a document or a piece of art.

شاهد توانست متهم را در دادگاه تشخیص دهد.

In technical fields, such as computer science or engineering, it refers to 'detection.' For instance, 'face detection' in software is often described using this root. It is the ability of a system to distinguish a specific pattern (a face) from other visual data. This versatility makes it one of the most powerful verbs for intermediate learners to master, as it elevates their speech from basic descriptions to professional-level analysis.

Social Discernment: It can also mean to discern someone's intentions or character. If you can 'see through' someone's lies, you have 'diagnosed' or identified their true nature.

او به راحتی می‌تواند دروغ را از راست تشخیص دهد.

Using تشخیص دادن correctly requires understanding its role as a compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs consist of a non-verbal element (a noun or adjective) and a light verb. Here, 'tashkhis' is the noun and 'dādan' is the light verb. When conjugating, only the 'dādan' part changes. For example, in the past tense: 'man tashkhis dādam' (I identified), and in the present tense: 'man tashkhis midaham' (I identify).

Sentence Structure: [Subject] + [Object] + [rā] + [تشخیص دادن]. The object is what you are identifying (e.g., a disease, a person, a sound).

آیا می‌توانی صدای او را در این شلوغی تشخیص دهی؟

Translation: Can you identify her voice in this crowd?

One of the most common ways to use this verb is with the preposition 'az' (from) to express 'distinguishing between' two things. The pattern is: [A] را از [B] تشخیص دادن. This is vital for expressing comparisons or the ability to tell things apart.

بسیاری از مردم نمی‌توانند کالای اصل را از تقلبی تشخیص دهند.

In medical contexts, the verb is often paired with 'zood-hangām' (early). 'Tashkhis-e zood-hangām' (early diagnosis) is a common phrase in health awareness campaigns. Furthermore, when talking about professional opinions, you might hear 'be tashkhis-e man' (in my diagnosis/judgment), where 'tashkhis' acts as a standalone noun.

Common Tenses: Present Continuous: دارم تشخیص می‌دهم (I am identifying). Imperative: تشخیص بده! (Identify!).

او به سرعت مشکل را تشخیص داد و آن را حل کرد.

Finally, consider the negative form. 'Na-tavānestan tashkhis dādan' (to be unable to identify) is frequently used when something is obscured, confusing, or complex. This verb is a hallmark of the B1 level because it moves the speaker from describing what they see to describing how they interpret what they see.

You will encounter تشخیص دادن in a variety of high-stakes environments. The most obvious is the hospital or doctor's office. If you watch Persian medical dramas or news reports about public health, this verb is ubiquitous. It is the definitive word for medical professionals to communicate their findings to patients.

News and Media: Reports on crime often use it: 'The police identified the suspect using CCTV footage.' (پلیس با استفاده از دوربین‌های مداربسته، متهم را تشخیص داد).

در اخبار شنیدم که دانشمندان سیاره جدیدی را تشخیص داده‌اند.

In the world of technology and startups, especially in Tehran's growing tech scene, you'll hear it regarding AI and data processing. 'Image recognition' (تشخیص تصویر) and 'Voice recognition' (تشخیص صدا) are standard technical terms. If you are reading a manual for a new smartphone or app, you will likely see this verb in the settings or features section.

Academic and Scientific Research: In research papers, authors use it to describe the identification of variables, patterns, or anomalies in data sets.

محققان توانستند الگوی رفتاری پرندگان را تشخیص دهند.

Lastly, you'll hear it in everyday conversations involving confusion or sensory challenges. If someone is wearing a mask or a costume, a friend might say, 'I didn't recognize you!' (تو را تشخیص ندادم!). It is also common in discussions about food or perfumes, where one tries to identify specific ingredients or notes.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers is confusing تشخیص دادن with شناختن (shenākhtan). While both can translate to 'recognize,' they are used differently. 'Shenākhtan' is used for people you are acquainted with or general knowledge of a place or subject. 'Tashkhis dādan' is for the specific act of identifying something out of a set of options or through analysis.

Mistake: Using it for people you know: Incorrect: 'من برادرم را تشخیص می‌دهم' (I identify my brother). Correct: 'من برادرم را می‌شناسم' (I know/recognize my brother). Use 'tashkhis' only if your brother is in a disguise or far away.

اشتباه: دکتر بیماری را شناخت. درست: دکتر بیماری را تشخیص داد.

Another mistake involves the preposition. Learners often forget to use 'az' (from) when they mean 'to distinguish between.' They might try to use 'va' (and) like in English ('distinguish A and B'), but Persian requires 'A rā az B' (A from B).

Mistake: Incorrect Auxiliary: Learners sometimes use 'kardan' (to do) instead of 'dādan' (to give). While 'tashkhis kardan' exists in some dialects, 'dādan' is the standard and more common auxiliary for this specific noun.

او نتوانست تفاوت را تشخیص دهد (Correct).

Finally, avoid using it for simple 'seeing.' If you just see a bird, use 'didān.' Only use 'tashkhis dādan' if you are identifying the *species* of the bird or spotting it through thick fog. It implies a cognitive effort.

To truly master تشخیص دادن, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and near-synonyms. Each has a slightly different nuance that can change the tone of your sentence.

شناسایی کردن (Shenāsāyi Kardan): Meaning: To identify or recognize. Nuance: This is often used in administrative, military, or formal identification contexts (e.g., identifying a body or a target). It is more about 'identification' as a process, whereas 'tashkhis' is more about 'discernment' or 'diagnosis.'

تمیز دادن (Tamiz Dādan): Meaning: To distinguish or differentiate. Nuance: This is very close to 'tashkhis dādan' when used with 'az' (from). However, 'tamiz dādan' is slightly more literary and specifically focuses on the act of separating two things in one's mind.

کودک هنوز نمی‌تواند رنگ‌ها را از هم تمیز دهد.

بازشناختن (Bāzshenākhtan): Meaning: To recognize (again). Nuance: A more formal/literary word for recognizing something previously known. It is less common in spoken Persian than 'tashkhis dādan.'

Understanding these differences allows you to be more precise. For example, in a medical context, you would never use 'tamiz dādan' for a disease; 'tashkhis dādan' is the only appropriate choice. In a philosophical discussion about truth and falsehood, 'tamiz dādan' might sound more sophisticated.

How Formal Is It?

Formel

Informel

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Exemples par niveau

او توانست گربه را در عکس تشخیص دهد.

He was able to identify the cat in the photo.

Simple past tense.

آیا می‌توانی این رنگ را تشخیص دهی؟

Can you identify this color?

Present subjunctive for 'can'.

من صدای تو را تشخیص دادم.

I identified your voice.

Past tense.

دکتر بیماری را تشخیص داد.

The doctor identified the illness.

Direct object with 'rā'.

او نتوانست برادرش را تشخیص دهد.

He couldn't identify his brother.

Negative past potential.

ما باید مشکل را تشخیص دهیم.

We must identify the problem.

Modal verb 'bāyad'.

این میوه را تشخیص می‌دهی؟

Do you identify (recognize) this fruit?

Present simple/habitual.

او نام مرا تشخیص نداد.

He didn't identify (recognize) my name.

Negative past.

او تفاوت بین این دو عکس را تشخیص داد.

She identified the difference between these two photos.

Compound object.

پلیس توانست ماشین را تشخیص دهد.

The police were able to identify the car.

Modal 'tavānestan'.

آیا می‌توانی بوی گل را تشخیص دهی؟

Can you identify the smell of the flower?

Sensory identification.

من در تاریکی هیچ چیز را تشخیص نمی‌دهم.

I don't identify (can't see) anything in the dark.

Negative present.

دکتر زود بیماری او را تشخیص داد.

The doctor identified his illness quickly.

Adverb 'zood'.

او صدای مادرش را از دور تشخیص داد.

He identified his mother's voice from afar.

Prepositional phrase 'az door'.

ما باید علت خرابی را تشخیص دهیم.

We must identify the cause of the breakdown.

Noun 'ellat' (cause).

آیا او توانست امضای شما را تشخیص دهد؟

Was he able to identify your signature?

Possessive 'shomā'.

پزشک بعد از آزمایش، نوع بیماری را تشخیص داد.

After the test, the physician diagnosed the type of illness.

Temporal clause 'ba'd az'.

او به سختی توانست دوستش را در میان جمعیت تشخیص دهد.

He was barely able to identify his friend in the crowd.

Adverbial 'be sakhti'.

بسیاری از مردم نمی‌توانند عسل طبیعی را از تقلبی تشخیص دهند.

Many people cannot distinguish natural honey from fake.

Distinction pattern 'A rā az B'.

سیستم امنیتی توانست چهره سارق را تشخیص دهد.

The security system was able to identify the thief's face.

Technical context.

او توانست نت‌های موسیقی را به درستی تشخیص دهد.

He was able to identify the musical notes correctly.

Adverb 'be dorosti'.

تشخیص دادن حقیقت در این شرایط کار دشواری است.

Identifying the truth in these circumstances is a difficult task.

Infinitive as subject.

آیا پزشکان توانسته‌اند علت حساسیت شما را تشخیص دهند؟

Have the doctors been able to diagnose the cause of your allergy?

Present perfect potential.

او بلافاصله لهجه او را تشخیص داد.

He immediately identified her accent.

Adverb 'belāfāsele'.

کارشناسان توانستند اصالت نقاشی را تشخیص دهند.

The experts were able to identify the authenticity of the painting.

Noun 'esālat' (authenticity).

او به راحتی می‌تواند نیت‌های واقعی افراد را تشخیص دهد.

He can easily discern the real intentions of individuals.

Abstract object 'niyat'.

تشخیص به موقع سرطان می‌تواند جان بیماران را نجات دهد.

Timely diagnosis of cancer can save patients' lives.

Noun phrase 'tashkhis-e be moghe'.

ما باید نقاط ضعف پروژه را به دقت تشخیص دهیم.

We must accurately identify the project's weaknesses.

Plural object 'noghāt-e za'f'.

او نتوانست مرز بین واقعیت و خیال را تشخیص دهد.

He couldn't distinguish the boundary between reality and fantasy.

Metaphorical use.

رادار توانست هواپیمای دشمن را در آسمان تشخیص دهد.

The radar was able to detect the enemy aircraft in the sky.

Military context.

تشخیص دادن این دو گیاه از هم برای افراد غیرمتخصص سخت است.

Distinguishing these two plants from each other is hard for non-experts.

Comparative 'az ham'.

او با گوش دادن به موتور، مشکل ماشین را تشخیص داد.

By listening to the engine, he diagnosed the car's problem.

Gerundial phrase 'bā goosh dādan'.

منتقد ادبی توانست تأثیر اشعار حافظ را در این متن تشخیص دهد.

The literary critic was able to identify the influence of Hafez's poems in this text.

Literary context.

تشخیص تفاوت‌های ظریف فرهنگی برای مهاجران زمان‌بر است.

Identifying subtle cultural differences is time-consuming for immigrants.

Adjective 'zarif' (subtle).

او توانست ریشه‌های تاریخی این رسم را تشخیص دهد.

He was able to identify the historical roots of this custom.

Abstract 'rishe-hā'.

در این مقاله، نویسنده به تشخیص چالش‌های پیش روی اقتصاد می‌پردازد.

In this article, the author addresses the identification of challenges facing the economy.

Formal 'be ... mi-pardāzad'.

تشخیص سره از ناسره در دنیای اطلاعات امروز دشوار شده است.

Distinguishing the genuine from the fake (lit. gold from dross) has become difficult in today's information world.

Idiomatic 'sare az nāsare'.

او به دلیل تخصصش، توانست کوچکترین نقص فنی را تشخیص دهد.

Due to his expertise, he was able to identify the smallest technical flaw.

Causal 'be dalil-e'.

روانشناس توانست علائم اولیه افسردگی را در او تشخیص دهد.

The psychologist was able to identify the early symptoms of depression in him.

Psychological context.

تشخیص هویت قربانیان حادثه توسط تیم پزشکی قانونی انجام شد.

The identification of the accident victims was performed by the forensic medical team.

Passive construction.

عارفان بر این باورند که تشخیص تجلی حق در پدیده‌ها نیازمند بصیرت است.

Mystics believe that discerning the manifestation of Truth in phenomena requires insight.

Philosophical/Mystical register.

او با دقتی وسواس‌گونه، تفاوت‌های سبکی دو نویسنده را تشخیص داد.

With obsessive precision, he identified the stylistic differences between the two authors.

Adverbial 'bā deghghati vasvās-goone'.

تشخیص ضرورت‌های سیاسی در آن برهه از تاریخ، امری حیاتی بود.

Identifying political necessities at that juncture of history was a vital matter.

Political/Historical register.

او توانست پارادوکس‌های موجود در نظریه را به درستی تشخیص دهد.

He was able to correctly identify the paradoxes present in the theory.

Scientific/Theoretical context.

در متون کلاسیک، تشخیص مرز میان حماسه و اسطوره گاه ناممکن است.

In classical texts, identifying the boundary between epic and myth is sometimes impossible.

Literary analysis.

او با یک نگاه، اصالت فرش دستباف را تشخیص داد.

With one look, he identified the authenticity of the hand-woven carpet.

Expertise context.

تشخیص ماهیت وجودی انسان از منظر اگزیستانسیالیسم موضوع بحث بود.

Identifying the existential nature of man from the perspective of existentialism was the topic of discussion.

Philosophical register.

قاضی بر اساس شواهد، عدم صلاحیت متهم را تشخیص داد.

The judge, based on the evidence, determined (identified) the defendant's lack of competence.

Legal register.

Collocations courantes

تشخیص بیماری

تشخیص هویت

تشخیص مصلحت

تشخیص درست

تشخیص اشتباه

قدرت تشخیص

تشخیص چهره

تشخیص صدا

تشخیص به موقع

قابل تشخیص

Phrases Courantes

به تشخیص من

قابل تشخیص نیست

تشخیص دادن تفاوت

تشخیص دادن علت

تشخیص دادن حق از باطل

تشخیص دادن اصل از فرع

تشخیص دادن دوست از دشمن

تشخیص دادن سره از ناسره

تشخیص دادن مسیر

تشخیص دادن نیت

Souvent confondu avec

تشخیص دادن vs شناختن

Shenākhtan is for knowing/acquaintance; Tashkhis is for identifying/diagnosing.

تشخیص دادن vs دیدن

Didan is just seeing; Tashkhis is identifying what you see.

تشخیص دادن vs فهمیدن

Fahmidan is understanding; Tashkhis is identifying a specific entity.

Expressions idiomatiques

Facile à confondre

تشخیص دادن vs

Structures de phrases

Comment l'utiliser

nuance

It implies a decision or a 'finding' rather than just a passive observation.

frequency

Very high in professional and news contexts.

Erreurs courantes

Don't mix 'tashkhis' with 'shenākhtan'.
The correct auxiliary is 'dādan'.
Use 'az' (from) for distinguishing, not 'va' (and).
It's a compound verb, not a single-word verb.
Use the ezafe construction for 'diagnosis of...'

Astuces

Auxiliary Verb

Always remember that 'dādan' is the light verb. Conjugate it just like the standalone verb 'to give'.

Medical Use

If you are at a pharmacy or hospital, this is your go-to word for 'diagnosis'.

Recognition

If you see a friend after many years and they look different, use this verb to express your surprise at identifying them.

Essays

Use this verb when analyzing causes and effects in your writing to sound more professional.

Software

Look for this word in your phone settings under 'Security' for face or fingerprint recognition.

Forensics

In crime novels or news, this word is used for identifying evidence or suspects.

Sounds

Use it when you are trying to figure out what a strange noise is.

Distinction

Pair it with 'az' to show you can tell the difference between two similar things.

The 'Kh' Sound

Make sure to pronounce the 'kh' (خ) clearly; it's a deep throat sound, not a 'k'.

Formal vs Informal

While 'tashkhis dādan' is common, in very formal letters, 'tashkhis nemudan' is a high-level alternative.

Mémorise-le

Origine du mot

Contexte culturel

تشخیص راه از چاه (Distinguishing the path from the well) - meaning knowing right from wrong.

Using this verb instead of 'shenākhtan' in formal settings raises your perceived education level.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"چطور می‌توانی تفاوت بین این دو را تشخیص دهی؟"

"آیا تا به حال شده کسی را اشتباه تشخیص دهی؟"

"به نظر تو تشخیص بیماری‌های روحی سخت‌تر است یا جسمی؟"

"چطور می‌توانیم اخبار درست را از غلط تشخیص دهیم؟"

"آیا می‌توانی صدای پرندگان مختلف را تشخیص دهی؟"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره زمانی بنویسید که یک مشکل بزرگ را به درستی تشخیص دادید.

چرا تشخیص دادن حقیقت در دنیای امروز سخت شده است؟

نقش تکنولوژی در تشخیص هویت چیست؟

تفاوت بین شناختن یک نفر و تشخیص دادن او در شلوغی چیست؟

اگر پزشک بودید، سخت‌ترین بخش تشخیص بیماری را چه می‌دانستید؟

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Yes, but only if you are identifying them among others or in a difficult situation (like a disguise). For general 'knowing' someone, use 'shenākhtan'.

Absolutely. You can diagnose a computer bug, a car engine problem, or a social issue using this verb.

'Tashkhis' is more about discernment and diagnosis, while 'shenāsāyi' is more about formal identification or reconnaissance.

It is occasionally used, but 'tashkhis dādan' is much more standard and preferred in modern Persian.

You say 'tashkhis-e zood-hangām'.

Yes, 'tashkhis-e sedā' is the standard term for voice recognition.

It means 'identifiable' or 'recognizable'.

It is used in both formal and informal Persian, but it has a more precise, educated tone than simpler verbs.

Use the pattern 'A rā az B tashkhis dādan'.

It comes from the Arabic root 'sh-kh-s' which relates to a person or an individual entity.