B1 adjective #3,000 le plus courant 5 min de lecture

部分的な

It means something is not complete or affects only a small area, like a partial view.

bubunteki na
Practice it

Explanation at your level:

Hello! Today we're learning 部分的な (bubun-teki na). It means 'part of something'. Imagine you have a cookie, but you only eat part of it. That's 部分的な! It's not all gone, just a little bit. Or maybe it's raining only on your house, not the whole street. That's also 部分的な rain. It means 'only a little' or 'in one place'. Easy, right?

Let's talk about 部分的な (bubun-teki na). This adjective means something is not complete, or it only affects a small area. Think of a 'partial payment' – you pay some money, but not all of it yet. Or 'partial damage' – maybe a scratch on a car, not a big accident. It's the opposite of 'total' or 'complete'. We use it when something is limited in scope. For example, There was partial damage to the fence.

The Japanese adjective 部分的な (bubun-teki na) translates to 'partial' or 'localized'. It's used when something is incomplete, affecting only a portion of a whole, or confined to a specific area. For instance, you might experience 部分的な記憶喪失 (bubun-teki na kioku sōshitsu) – partial memory loss, where you forget some things but not everything. In a meeting, you might reach 部分的な合意 (bubun-teki na gōi), meaning agreement on some points but not all. It's a useful term for describing situations that aren't entirely one way or the other.

部分的な (bubun-teki na) is a nuanced adjective meaning 'partial' or 'localized'. It signifies incompleteness or limitation in scope, extent, or duration. For example, 部分的な理解 (bubun-teki na rikai) implies a grasp of only certain aspects of a subject, not the entirety. In a medical context, 部分的な麻痺 (bubun-teki na mahi) refers to localized paralysis. It contrasts with terms like 'total' or 'widespread'. Understanding its usage helps differentiate between limited effects and complete ones, adding precision to descriptions in various fields like economics (partial recovery) or engineering (partial failure).

Mastering 部分的な (bubun-teki na) involves appreciating its subtle applications beyond simple incompleteness. It can denote a state of being confined to a specific region or aspect, often implying a contrast with a potential or expected whole. Consider 部分的な改革 (bubun-teki na kaikaku) – partial reforms. This suggests that while some changes have been made, a more comprehensive overhaul might still be needed or was initially envisioned. In scientific discourse, it might describe 部分的な応答 (bubun-teki na ōtō) in an experiment, indicating a reaction that is not uniform across all conditions. The term carries a sense of limitation, whether temporal, spatial, or conceptual, and its precise meaning is often clarified by the context.

At an advanced level, 部分的な (bubun-teki na) offers a lens into nuanced states of incompletion and localization. Its etymological roots in 部分 (part) and 的 (suffix indicating quality or nature) highlight its function in characterizing something by its constituent elements rather than its totality. In philosophical or theoretical discussions, it might be used to describe 部分的な真理 (bubun-teki na shinri) – a partial truth, acknowledging that a complete understanding or absolute truth may be elusive. Its application in fields like urban planning might refer to 部分的な再開発 (bubun-teki na kaihatsu), contrasting with city-wide renewal projects. The adjective's utility lies in its capacity to articulate degrees of completeness and scope, often implicitly contrasting with a theoretical or practical 'whole', allowing for precise articulation of limited phenomena or states.

Mot en 30 secondes

  • Means 'partial', 'not complete', or 'localized'.
  • It's a na-adjective, requiring 'na' before nouns.
  • Used for both physical and abstract situations.
  • Opposites include 'total' (全体的) and 'complete' (完全な).

Hey there! Let's dive into the word 部分的な (bubun-teki na). This is a super useful Japanese adjective that translates to 'partial' or 'localized' in English. Think of it as meaning 'not the whole thing' or 'only a part of it'. It's like when you have a piece of cake instead of the whole cake, or when a problem only affects one room in a house instead of the whole building. We use it to describe things that are incomplete, limited, or confined to a specific area. It's a versatile word that pops up in many different situations, from describing physical objects to abstract concepts like understanding or agreement.

So, when you encounter 部分的な, remember it's all about 'part' of something. It tells you that something isn't total or complete. It could be a partial payment, meaning you've paid some but not all of the money owed. Or it could be a localized pain, meaning the ache is just in one spot. Understanding this 'part-ness' is key to using this word correctly and sounding more natural when you speak or write Japanese!

The word 部分的な (bubun-teki na) is formed by combining a few key components. The core is 部分 (bubun), which means 'part' or 'portion'. This itself comes from Chinese characters: 部 (bu), meaning 'section' or 'part', and 分 (bun), meaning 'divide' or 'minute'. So, literally, it's about a divided part.

Then we add the suffix 的 (teki). This is a very common suffix in Japanese, borrowed from Chinese, used to turn nouns into adjectives or adverbs. It essentially means 'like', '-al', or '-ic'. So, 部分 + 的 gives us 部分的 (bubun-teki), meaning 'partial' or 'partly'. Finally, when used as a na-adjective (a type of adjective in Japanese that often needs 'na' before a noun), we get 部分的な (bubun-teki na).

The concept of describing something as 'partial' isn't unique to Japanese, of course. Many languages have words to express incompleteness. However, the way Japanese builds this word using characters with deep historical roots, combined with the flexible teki suffix, is quite characteristic. It reflects a tendency in Japanese to create nuanced vocabulary by combining existing concepts.

部分的な (bubun-teki na) is a really versatile adjective, perfect for describing things that aren't whole or complete. You'll often hear it used in everyday conversations as well as in more formal settings. Think about describing a physical situation: you might say 部分的な雨 (bubun-teki na ame) for 'partial rain' – meaning it's raining in some places but not others. Or perhaps 部分的な損傷 (bubun-teki na sonshō) for 'partial damage' to a car or building.

It's also great for abstract ideas. For example, 部分的な合意 (bubun-teki na gōi) means 'partial agreement' – people agree on some points but not all. You could also talk about 部分的な理解 (bubun-teki na rikai), meaning you only understand a part of something. The key is that it always implies something is less than total or complete. It's a neutral term, so you can use it in most contexts without worrying too much about formality, though in very casual chat, simpler words might sometimes be preferred.

Common collocations include: 部分的な情報 (bubun-teki na jōhō) - partial information, 部分的な成功 (bubun-teki na seikō) - partial success, 部分的な記憶 (bubun-teki na kioku) - partial memory. Remember, it signals that the noun it modifies is not fully present or affected.

While 部分的な (bubun-teki na) itself is a straightforward adjective, it often appears in phrases that convey a sense of incompleteness or limited scope. It's not typically part of highly idiomatic expressions in the same way some other words are, but its meaning is crucial for understanding many common phrases.

Here are some ways the concept of 'partial' or 'localized' comes up:

  • 部分に分ける (bubun ni wakeru): This literally means 'to divide into parts'. While not an idiom, it's a common way to express the action that leads to something being partial. For example, The task was divided into parts.
  • 一部 (ichibu): This is a very common synonym for 'part' or 'a portion'. You'll often see it used where 'partial' might fit in English. For instance, 一部の参加者 (ichibu no sankasha) means 'some of the participants'.
  • 局所的 (kyokusho-teki): This is a more technical term, often used in science or medicine, meaning 'localized' or 'regional'. It's similar to 部分的な but emphasizes a specific spot. For example, 局所的な炎症 (kyokusho-teki na enshō) means 'localized inflammation'.
  • 中途半端 (chūto hanpa): This phrase means 'half-hearted', 'incomplete', or 'halfway'. It carries a slightly negative connotation, suggesting something was not finished properly, unlike the more neutral 部分的な.
  • 部分的成功 (bubun-teki na seikō): While a direct translation, 'partial success', it's a very common collocation. It implies that while not everything went perfectly, there were some positive outcomes.

The core idea across these is that something is not the whole story, but just a piece of it.

部分的な (bubun-teki na) is a 'na-adjective'. This means it behaves a bit differently from 'i-adjectives'. When it modifies a noun directly, you need to add な (na) between the adjective and the noun. For example, 部分的な問題 (bubun-teki na mondai) means 'a partial problem'.

When used predicatively (at the end of a sentence), you use です (desu) or だ (da) after 的 (teki). For instance, その損傷は部分的です (Sono sonshō wa bubun-teki desu) means 'That damage is partial'.

Pronunciation:

Let's break down the sounds:

  • Bu (ぶ): Like the 'boo' in 'book'.
  • Bun (ぶん): Similar to 'boon', but the 'n' sound is more distinct.
  • Te (て): Like the 'te' in 'ten'.
  • Ki (き): Like the 'key' in 'key'.
  • Na (な): Like the 'na' in 'nanny'.

So, it sounds like boo-boon-teh-kee-nah. The stress is fairly even across the syllables, with perhaps a slight emphasis on 'bun' and 'teki'.

IPA (approximate):

  • Japanese: /bɯbɯn te̞ki na̠/

Rhyming Words:

Finding perfect rhymes in Japanese can be tricky due to the syllable structure. However, words ending in '-teki na' share a similar rhythm and ending sound. Examples include: 一般的な (ippan-teki na - general), 具体的な (guta-teki na - concrete), 感情的な (kanjō-teki na - emotional).

Common Errors:

A common mistake for learners is forgetting the な (na) when placing 部分的 (bubun-teki) before a noun. Always remember: 部分的 + な + Noun.

Fun Fact

The suffix -teki (的) is incredibly productive in Japanese, allowing many nouns to be turned into adjectives or adverbs, similar to how '-al' or '-ic' works in English.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /bʊbʊnˈteɪki nɑː/

Sounds like 'boo-boon-TAY-kee nah'. Stress on 'TAY'.

US /bʊbʊnˈteɪki nɑː/

Similar to UK, 'boo-boon-TAY-kee nah'. Stress on 'TAY'.

Common Errors

  • Pronouncing 'bu' like 'byoo'.
  • Making the 'n' sound too strong or too weak.
  • Incorrect stress placement, often flattening the rhythm.

Rhymes With

一般的 (ippan-teki) 具体的 (guta-teki) 感情的 (kanjō-teki) 効果的 (kōka-teki) 中心的 (chūshin-teki)

Difficulty Rating

Lecture 2/5

Easy to read in context.

Writing 2/5

Straightforward to use correctly.

Speaking 2/5

Easy to pronounce and integrate.

Écoute 2/5

Clearly distinguishable from similar words.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

部分 (bubun) 的 (teki) な (na) です (desu)

Learn Next

全体的 (zentai-teki) 完全な (kanzen na) 一部 (ichibu) 局所的 (kyokusho-teki)

Avancé

包括的 (hōkatsu-teki) 断片的 (danpen-teki) 限定的 (gentei-teki) 根本的 (konpon-teki)

Grammar to Know

Na-Adjectives

部分的 + な + Noun

Adverbial Form of Adjectives

部分的 + に

Using Copulas (です/だ)

Noun + は + 部分的 + です

Examples by Level

1

これは<strong>部分的な</strong>雨です。

This / partial / rain / is.

Use な after 部分的 when it describes a noun.

2

私は<strong>部分的な</strong>ケーキを食べました。

I / partial / cake / ate.

ケーキ (cake) is the noun being described.

3

それは<strong>部分的な</strong>光です。

That / partial / light / is.

光 (hikari) means light.

4

<strong>部分的な</strong>風があります。

Partial / wind / exists.

風 (kaze) means wind.

5

これは<strong>部分的な</strong>色です。

This / partial / color / is.

色 (iro) means color.

6

<strong>部分的な</strong>問題があります。

Partial / problem / exists.

問題 (mondai) means problem.

7

それは<strong>部分的な</strong>音です。

That / partial / sound / is.

音 (oto) means sound.

8

<strong>部分的な</strong>人気があります。

Partial / popularity / exists.

人気 (ninki) means popularity.

1

この地図は<strong>部分的な</strong>情報しか持っていません。

This / map / partial / information / only / has.

しか...ません is a common pattern meaning 'only'.

2

彼はその計画に<strong>部分的な</strong>同意を示しました。

He / that / plan / partial / agreement / showed.

同意 (dōi) means agreement.

3

その建物は<strong>部分的な</strong>被害を受けました。

That / building / partial / damage / received.

被害 (higai) means damage.

4

<strong>部分的な</strong>修理で済みました。

Partial / repair / with / finished.

修理 (shūri) means repair.

5

私たちは<strong>部分的な</strong>理解を共有しました。

We / partial / understanding / shared.

理解 (rikai) means understanding.

6

それは<strong>部分的な</strong>成功でした。

That / partial / success / was.

成功 (seikō) means success.

7

<strong>部分的な</strong>記憶が戻ってきました。

Partial / memories / returned.

記憶 (kioku) means memory.

8

<strong>部分的な</strong>照明で部屋は暗かった。

Partial / lighting / with / room / was dark.

照明 (shōmei) means lighting.

1

その事故による<strong>部分的な</strong>火災はすぐに消し止められました。

That / accident / due to / partial / fire / quickly / extinguished.

火災 (kasai) means fire/conflagration.

2

彼は新しいプロジェクトについて<strong>部分的な</strong>情報しか持っていなかった。

He / new / project / about / partial / information / only / had.

プロジェクト (purojekuto) is a loanword for 'project'.

3

<strong>部分的な</strong>合意では、全体の問題は解決しないだろう。

Partial / agreement / with, / whole / problem / solve / will not.

解決 (kaiketsu) means resolution/solution.

4

この地域では<strong>部分的な</strong>停電が発生する可能性があります。

This / region / in, / partial / power outage / occur / possibility / exists.

停電 (teiden) means power outage.

5

彼女の証言は<strong>部分的な</strong>ものであり、さらなる調査が必要だ。

Her / testimony / partial / thing / is, / further / investigation / necessary.

証言 (shōgen) means testimony.

6

<strong>部分的な</strong>成功はあったものの、目標達成には至らなかった。

Partial / success / was, / although, / goal / achievement / to / did not reach.

目標達成 (mokuhyō tassei) means achieving a goal.

7

<strong>部分的な</strong>記憶しか残っていないため、事件の全容は不明だ。

Partial / memories / only / remain, / because, / incident / whole picture / unknown.

全容 (zen'yō) means the whole picture/full story.

8

この絵画は<strong>部分的な</strong>修復が施されている。

This / painting / partial / restoration / has been applied.

修復 (shūfuku) means restoration/repair.

1

経済は<strong>部分的な</strong>回復を見せているが、完全な復興にはまだ時間がかかるだろう。

Economy / partial / recovery / is showing, but, / complete / recovery / to / still / time / will take.

経済 (keizai) means economy; 回復 (kaifuku) means recovery.

2

彼の説明は<strong>部分的な</strong>もので、根本的な原因については触れなかった。

His / explanation / partial / thing / was, / fundamental / cause / about / did not touch upon.

根本的 (konpon-teki) means fundamental.

3

<strong>部分的な</strong>合意形成は進んだものの、主要な争点は未解決のままだ。

Partial / agreement formation / progressed, although, / main / contentious points / unresolved / remain.

争点 (sōten) means contentious point/issue.

4

この法律は<strong>部分的な</strong>影響しか及ぼさないため、抜本的な改革が求められている。

This / law / partial / effect / only / exerts, / therefore, / drastic / reform / is being demanded.

抜本的 (bappon-teki) means drastic/fundamental.

5

<strong>部分的な</strong>停電は、インフラの老朽化が原因であると報告された。

Partial / power outage / infrastructure / aging / cause / is / it / was reported.

インフラ (infura) is a loanword for 'infrastructure'; 老朽化 (rōkyūka) means aging/deterioration.

6

彼の芸術作品は、しばしば<strong>部分的な</strong>現実の描写に焦点を当てている。

His / artwork / often / partial / reality / depiction / on / focuses.

描写 (byōsha) means depiction/description.

7

<strong>部分的な</strong>記憶の回復は、患者の精神状態の改善を示唆している。

Partial / memory / recovery / patient / mental state / improvement / suggests.

示唆 (shisa) means suggestion/implication.

8

この治療法は<strong>部分的な</strong>効果しかなく、副作用も考慮する必要がある。

This / treatment method / partial / effect / only / has, / side effects / also / consider / necessity / exists.

副作用 (fukusayō) means side effect.

1

グローバル経済の<strong>部分的な</strong>回復は、一部の国にとっては朗報だが、全体的な安定にはまだ程遠い。

Global / economy / partial / recovery / some / countries / for / good news / is, but / overall / stability / to / still / far from.

朗報 (rōhō) means good news; 程遠い (hodo tōi) means far from.

2

彼の分析は、現象の<strong>部分的な</strong>側面しか捉えておらず、その複雑な相互作用を見落としている。

His / analysis / phenomenon / partial / aspects / only / captures / is not, / its / complex / interactions / overlooks.

相互作用 (sōgo sayō) means interaction.

3

<strong>部分的な</strong>合意に達したことは前進だが、根本的な対立点は依然として残っている。

Partial / agreement / reached / thing / progress / was, but / fundamental / points of conflict / still / remain.

対立点 (tairitsu ten) means point of conflict/disagreement.

4

この地域における<strong>部分的な</strong>環境汚染は、広範な生態系への影響を懸念させる。

This / region / in / partial / environmental pollution / widespread / ecosystem / on / impact / causes concern.

生態系 (seitaikei) means ecosystem; 懸念 (kenen) means concern.

5

彼の文学作品は、しばしば人間の経験の<strong>部分的な</strong>断片を、詩的なリアリズムで描き出している。

His / literary works / often / human / experience / partial / fragments / poetic / realism / with / depict.

断片 (danpen) means fragment; 詩的 (shiteki) means poetic.

6

<strong>部分的な</strong>記憶の回復は、トラウマ治療における重要な指標となり得るが、完全な治癒を保証するものではない。

Partial / memory / recovery / trauma / treatment / in / important / indicator / become / can, but / complete / healing / guarantee / thing / is not.

指標 (shihyō) means indicator; 治癒 (chiyu) means healing.

7

その都市計画は<strong>部分的な</strong>再開発にとどまり、地域全体の活性化には至らなかった。

That / urban planning / partial / redevelopment / to / remained, / region / whole / revitalization / to / did not lead.

活性化 (kasseika) means revitalization.

8

この理論は、観測された現象の<strong>部分的な</strong>説明しか提供できず、さらなる実証的研究が必要である。

This / theory / observed / phenomenon / partial / explanation / only / can provide, / further / empirical research / necessary.

実証的研究 (jisshōteki kenkyū) means empirical research.

1

ポストコロニアル文学においては、しばしば失われた過去の<strong>部分的な</strong>記憶の再構築が、アイデンティティ探求の核となる。

Postcolonial / literature / in, / often / lost / past / partial / memories / reconstruction / identity / exploration / core / becomes.

ポストコロニアル (posuto koroniaru) is a loanword for 'postcolonial'; アイデンティティ (aidentiti) is a loanword for 'identity'.

2

彼の哲学は、認識論における<strong>部分的な</strong>真理の概念を探求し、絶対的な知識の不可能性を論じている。

His / philosophy / epistemology / in / partial / truth / concept / explores, / absolute / knowledge / impossibility / argues.

認識論 (ninshikiron) means epistemology; 絶対的 (zettai-teki) means absolute.

3

経済政策における<strong>部分的な</strong>介入は、しばしば予期せぬ副作用を誘発し、より広範な市場の不安定化を招くことがある。

Economic policy / in / partial / intervention / often / unexpected / side effects / induce, / broader / market / destabilization / invite / can.

介入 (kainyū) means intervention; 誘発 (yūhatsu) means induction/triggering.

4

この芸術インスタレーションは、現代社会におけるコミュニケーションの<strong>部分的な</strong>断絶を、抽象的なフォルムで表現している。

This / art installation / modern / society / in / communication / partial / disconnection / abstract / forms / with / expresses.

インスタレーション (insutorēshon) is a loanword for 'installation'; 断絶 (danzetsu) means disconnection/severance.

5

臨床心理学では、トラウマ体験の<strong>部分的な</strong>想起が、治療プロセスにおける重要な転換点となり得る。

Clinical psychology / in, / trauma / experience / partial / recall / treatment process / in / important / turning point / become / can.

想起 (sōki) means recall/recollection; 転換点 (tenkanten) means turning point.

6

都市計画における<strong>部分的な</strong>再開発は、しばしば既存コミュニティとの軋轢を生み、社会的統合を阻害する要因となる。

Urban planning / in / partial / redevelopment / often / existing community / with / friction / create, / social integration / hinder / factor / becomes.

軋轢 (atsureki) means friction/discord; 阻害 (sogai) means hindrance/inhibition.

7

その歴史的文書は、断片的な記述しか含まないため、当時の政治状況の<strong>部分的な</strong>理解しか得られない。

That / historical document / fragmented / descriptions / only / contains / because, / that time / political situation / partial / understanding / only / can be obtained.

文書 (bunsho) means document; 記述 (kijutsu) means description.

8

この科学的モデルは、複雑な自然現象の<strong>部分的な</strong>側面を捉えることに成功しているが、その全体像を解明するには至っていない。

This / scientific model / complex / natural phenomenon / partial / aspects / capture / in / succeeded / is, but / its / whole picture / elucidate / to / has not reached.

解明 (kaimei) means elucidation/clarification.

Collocations courantes

部分的な雨 (bubun-teki na ame)
部分的な損傷 (bubun-teki na sonshō)
部分的な合意 (bubun-teki na gōi)
部分的な情報 (bubun-teki na jōhō)
部分的な成功 (bubun-teki na seikō)
部分的な記憶 (bubun-teki na kioku)
部分的な影響 (bubun-teki na eikyō)
部分的な修理 (bubun-teki na shūri)
部分的な理解 (bubun-teki na rikai)
部分的な停電 (bubun-teki na teiden)

Idioms & Expressions

"一部始終 (ichibu shijū)"

The whole story, from beginning to end; every detail.

彼は事件の<strong>一部始終</strong>を語った。

neutral

"十把一絡げ (jūppa hitokara ge)"

To treat everything the same; to lump together indiscriminately (often implies ignoring individual differences).

彼の意見を<strong>十把一絡げ</strong>にするのは良くない。

neutral/negative

"二束三文 (nisoku sanmon)"

Extremely cheap; next to worthless.

その古い骨董品は<strong>二束三文</strong>で売られていた。

neutral/negative

"片手落ち (katateochi)"

One-sided; unfair; biased treatment.

その判断は<strong>片手落ち</strong>だと言わざるを得ない。

neutral/negative

"三つ子の魂百まで (mitsugo no tamashii hyaku made)"

As the twig is bent, so grows the tree; early influences last a lifetime.

「<strong>三つ子の魂百まで</strong>」と言うように、子供の頃の習慣はなかなか抜けない。

proverbial

"部分を以て全体を察す (bubun o motte zentai o sassu)"

To infer the whole from a part; to judge the whole by a sample.

このデータから<strong>部分を以て全体を察す</strong>のは早計だろう。

formal/proverbial

Easily Confused

部分的な vs 一部 (ichibu)

Both relate to 'part' of something.

一部 is a noun meaning 'part' or 'a portion'. 部分的 is an adjective meaning 'partial'. You use 一部の + Noun (e.g., 一部の地域 - some areas), while you use 部分的な + Noun (e.g., 部分的な雨 - partial rain).

<strong>一部</strong>の人が反対した。(Ichibu no hito ga hantai shita.) - Some people opposed. / <strong>部分的 な</strong> 反対意見が出た。(Bubun-teki na hantai iken ga deta.) - Partial dissenting opinions emerged.

部分的な vs 全体的 (zentai-teki)

They are direct antonyms.

部分的 means 'partial', affecting only a part. 全体的 means 'overall', 'total', or 'affecting the whole'.

<strong>部分的 な</strong> 影響しかない。(Bubun-teki na eikyō shika nai.) - There is only a partial effect. / <strong>全体的な</strong> 影響は大きい。(Zentai-teki na eikyō wa ōkii.) - The overall effect is large.

部分的な vs 限定的 (gentei-teki)

Both imply limitation.

部分的 focuses on being a 'part' of a whole. 限定的 emphasizes being 'limited' or 'restricted' in scope, time, or quantity.

<strong>部分的 な</strong> 成功だった。(Bubun-teki na seikō datta.) - It was a partial success. / <strong>限定的な</strong> 期間しか使えない。(Gentei-teki na kikan shika tsukaenai.) - It can only be used for a limited period.

部分的な vs 断片的 (danpen-teki)

Both suggest incompleteness.

部分的 refers to being a part of a larger whole. 断片的 means 'fragmentary', like pieces broken off, often used for information or memories that are scattered or incomplete.

<strong>部分的 な</strong> 情報しか持っていない。(Bubun-teki na jōhō shika motte inai.) - I only have partial information. / <strong>断片的な</strong> 記憶しか思い出せない。(Danpen-teki na kioku shika omoidasenai.) - I can only recall fragmentary memories.

Sentence Patterns

A1-A2

Noun + は/が + 部分的 + です/だ。

その損傷は<strong>部分的です</strong>。

A1-A2

部分的 + な + Noun

<strong>部分的な</strong> 雨が降っています。

B1-B2

Noun + に + 部分的な + Noun

この地域に<strong>部分的な</strong> 停電が発生しました。

B2-C1

Noun + は、部分的 + な + Noun + に + とどまる。

その影響は<strong>部分的な</strong> 影響にとどまった。

B1-B2

Noun + は、部分的 + な + Noun + しか + ない/ない。

私たちが持っているのは<strong>部分的 な</strong> 情報しかない。

Famille de mots

Nouns

部分 (bubun) Part, portion, section, segment.
部分性 (bubunsei) Partiality, the state of being partial.

Adjectives

部分的 (bubun-teki) Partial (used adverbially or as the stem of the na-adjective).

Apparenté

一部 (ichibu) Synonym for 'part' or 'a portion', often used before nouns (e.g., 一部の地域 - some areas).
全体 (zentai) Antonym, meaning 'whole' or 'entirety'.

How to Use It

Formality Scale

Casual Neutral Formal Technical

Erreurs courantes

Forgetting な when modifying a noun. → <strong>部分的 な</strong> 問題 (bubun-teki <strong>na</strong> mondai)
Na-adjectives require 'na' before the noun they modify.
Using it where 'whole' or 'complete' is meant. → <strong>全体的な</strong> 計画 (<strong>zentai-teki na</strong> keikaku) - overall plan
部分的な means partial, not total.
Confusing with 局所的 (kyokusho-teki) in casual contexts. → <strong>部分的な</strong> 雨 (<strong>bubun-teki na</strong> ame)
局所的 is more technical/medical for 'localized'. 部分的な is more general for 'partial'.
Using <em>teki</em> without <em>na</em> before a noun. → <strong>部分的 な</strong> 影響 (<strong>bubun-teki na</strong> eikyō)
The form before a noun is always 'teki na'.
Using it for things that are inherently singular/complete. → <strong>完全な</strong> 円 (<strong>kanzen na</strong> en) - a perfect circle
A circle is already a complete shape; 'partial circle' doesn't make sense unless referring to an arc.

Tips

💡

Visualize the Slice!

Imagine a pizza or cake. When you only have one slice, that's a 'bubun' (part). Connect 'bubun' with the idea of having just a slice, not the whole thing.

💡

Contrast is Key

Remember that 部分的 often implies a contrast. It's partial *compared to* the whole. Think: 'partial rain' vs. 'no rain' or 'full rain'. 'Partial agreement' vs. 'no agreement' or 'full agreement'.

🌍

Nuance Matters

In Japanese culture, acknowledging limitations or partial states can be a way to show humility or realism. Using 部分的 appropriately shows you understand these nuances.

💡

The Magic 'Na'

Don't forget the な (na) when 部分的 comes before a noun! It's the signature of a na-adjective linking to its noun.

💡

Smooth Syllables

Practice saying 'bu-bun-te-ki-na' smoothly. Each syllable gets roughly equal weight. Avoid stressing one part too heavily.

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Avoid 'Partial Whole'

Never use 部分的 when you mean 'whole' or 'complete'. Keep its antonyms (全体的, 完全な) in mind to avoid confusion.

💡

Suffix Power!

The -teki suffix is a powerhouse! It turns nouns like 'part' (部分) into adjectives (部分的). Look for other -teki words like 'general' (一般的 ippan-teki) or 'specific' (具体的 guta-teki).

💡

Contextual Flashcards

Create flashcards with example sentences. Write 'partial rain' on one side and '部分的な雨' with a sentence on the other. Context is king!

💡

Adverb Alert!

Remember the adverb form: 部分的に (bubun-teki ni). Use it to describe *how* an action is done, e.g., 'partially completed' (部分的に完了した).

💡

Build Your 'Part' Family

Learn related words like 部分 (part), 分ける (to divide), and 分かる (to understand). Seeing the common kanji 分 helps connect them.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Boo! Bun! Tee! Kee! Nah!' - Imagine a ghost saying 'Boo!' because only a *part* of the house is haunted!

Visual Association

Picture a pie chart where only one slice is colored in, representing 'bubun' (part).

Word Web

Incomplete Limited Fragmentary Localized Section Portion Not whole

Défi

Try describing three things around you today as 'bubun-teki'. Is it the partial sunlight? Is it the partial charge on your phone? Is it your partial understanding of a song lyric?

Origine du mot

Sino-Japanese (derived from Chinese characters)

Original meaning: 部 (bù) - section, part; 分 (fēn) - divide, minute. Combined as 'divided part'. The suffix 的 (de) means '-like' or '-al'.

Contexte culturel

Generally neutral, but context is key. Describing a person's understanding or agreement as 'partial' could be seen as critical if not phrased carefully.

The concept of 'partial' is universal, but the Japanese usage might emphasize the contrast between the part and the whole more subtly in certain contexts.

Often used in news reports describing economic trends (partial recovery), weather forecasts (partial rain), or accident reports (partial damage).

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Weather Forecasts

  • <strong>部分的な</strong>雨でしょう。(It will likely be partly rainy.)
  • <strong>部分的な</strong>晴れ間が見えるかもしれません。(There might be some sunny spells.)
  • <strong>部分的な</strong>強風に注意してください。(Please be aware of localized strong winds.)

Accident/Damage Reports

  • 車に<strong>部分的な</strong>損傷がありました。(There was partial damage to the car.)
  • 建物は<strong>部分的な</strong>被害を受けました。(The building sustained partial damage.)
  • 火災は<strong>部分的</strong>に消し止められました。(The fire was partially extinguished.)

Discussions and Negotiations

  • <strong>部分的 な</strong> 合意に達しました。(We reached a partial agreement.)
  • 彼の説明は<strong>部分的</strong>だった。(His explanation was partial/incomplete.)
  • <strong>部分的 な</strong> 改革では不十分だ。(Partial reforms are insufficient.)

Medical Situations

  • <strong>部分的 な</strong> 麻痺があります。(There is partial paralysis.)
  • <strong>部分的 な</strong> 記憶喪失を経験しました。(I experienced partial memory loss.)
  • <strong>局所的 な</strong> (or <strong>部分的 な</strong>) 痛みを感じます。(I feel localized/partial pain.)

Conversation Starters

"今日の天気予報で「<strong>部分的</strong>な雨」って言ってたけど、どういう意味だと思う？"

"このプロジェクト、うまくいったけど、まだ<strong>部分的</strong>な成功だよね。次はもっと完全な成功を目指したいな。"

"昨日見たニュースで、事故の<strong>部分的</strong>な被害について話してたんだけど、もっと詳しい情報ある？"

"この本、すごく面白いんだけど、まだ<strong>部分的</strong>な理解しかできてないんだ。誰か説明してくれる？"

"会議での<strong>部分的</strong>な合意について、どう思う？これで十分かな？"

Journal Prompts

Describe a time you had only 'partial' understanding of something important. What was it, and how did you feel?

Think about a recent situation where something was only 'partially' successful. What worked, and what didn't?

Write about a place you visited that had 'partial' views or accessibility. What was it like?

Reflect on a goal you have. Are you making 'partial' progress? What are the next steps towards a more complete achievement?

Questions fréquentes

8 questions

部分的 is an adjective meaning 'partial' or 'localized'. It modifies nouns (e.g., 部分的な雨 - partial rain). 一部 is a noun meaning 'part' or 'a portion', often used with の (e.g., 雨の一部 - a part of the rain) or as part of set phrases.

部分的 is more general, meaning 'partial' or 'not whole'. 局所的 is more specific and technical, meaning 'localized' to a particular spot, often used in medical or scientific contexts (e.g., localized swelling).

Yes, absolutely! You can say 部分的な理解 (bubun-teki na rikai) for 'partial understanding', meaning you understand some parts but not everything.

Not necessarily. It simply means 'not complete'. A 'partial success' (部分的な成功) can still be positive, just not a total success.

Japanese adjectives like 部分的な don't change form for plurality. The context or accompanying nouns/verbs indicate whether you're talking about one instance or multiple partial things.

The most common opposites are 全体的 (zentai-teki na - overall, total) and 完全な (kanzen na - complete, perfect).

It's less common to describe a person directly as 'partial' unless referring to a specific aspect, like 'partial agreement' from a person. You wouldn't typically say a person *is* partial in the sense of being biased (that's 片方的 - katapo-teki).

If something is only 'partially' done, you would use the adverbial form: 部分的に終わった (bubun-teki ni owatta) - it finished partially.

Teste-toi

fill blank A1

それは<strong>______</strong>雨です。

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : 部分的

The sentence describes rain that is not everywhere, so 'partial' (部分的) fits best.

multiple choice A2

Which word means 'partial' or 'not complete'?

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : 部分的 (bubun-teki)

部分的 is the adjective meaning partial. 一部 is a noun meaning 'part'.

true false B1

If a building has '部分的損傷' (bubun-teki sonshō), it means the entire building is destroyed.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : Faux

部分的損傷 means only a part of the building is damaged, not the whole thing.

match pairs B1

Word

Signification

All matched!

These phrases correctly use 部分的な to describe incomplete or limited situations.

sentence order B2

Touche les mots ci-dessous pour construire la phrase
Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :

The correct sentence is '部分的な記憶が回復した' (Bubun-teki na kioku ga kaifuku shita), meaning 'Partial memory recovered'.

fill blank B2

経済は<strong>______</strong>回復を見せているが、完全ではない。

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : 部分的な

The sentence contrasts with 'complete' (完全), indicating a limited or partial recovery.

multiple choice C1

Which phrase best describes a situation where only some aspects of a problem are addressed?

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : 部分的なアプローチ (bubun-teki na apurōchi)

部分的なアプローチ specifically means a partial or limited approach to a problem.

true false C1

A '部分的理解' (bubun-teki rikai) implies a complete and thorough understanding of a topic.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : Faux

部分的理解 means only understanding certain parts, not the whole topic.

fill blank C2

彼の分析は現象の<strong>______</strong>側面しか捉えておらず、相互作用を見落としている。

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : 部分的な

The context suggests the analysis missed the 'whole picture' by focusing only on 'partial aspects'.

sentence completion C2

Postcolonial literature often deals with the ______ reconstruction of memory.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : partial

The context of postcolonial literature often involves fragmented or incomplete memories being pieced together, hence 'partial'.

Score : /10

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