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B2 adjective #4,500 le plus courant 8 min de lecture

집약적

jibyakjeok Top 4,500

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 집약적 en 30 secondes

Explication 집약적 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '집약적' is a very difficult word that you won't see often. It is much better to focus on the basic idea: 'doing a lot of work in a small space or time.' Imagine you have a small garden but you want to grow 100 flowers. You have to plant them very close and work very hard. That is the feeling of '집약적.' In simple Korean, we use '열심히' (hard) or '많이' (a lot). For example, instead of '집약적 훈련' (intensive training), an A1 student would say '공부를 진짜 많이 해요' (I study really a lot). You don't need to use this word yet, but if you see it, think of it as 'super busy and focused in one small area.' The '집' in the word means 'to gather,' like gathering all your energy into one point. It's like a superhero focusing all their power into one punch! As you learn more, you will see this word in news about Korean companies and technology.

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For A2 learners, '집약적' starts appearing in simple news articles or school textbooks about Korean history. It is an adjective that describes 'concentration.' You might see it in the phrase '노동 집약적' which means 'using many workers.' Korea used to be a country that made clothes and shoes—this is '노동 집약적 산업.' It means the work needs many people's hands rather than big machines. At this level, you can try to remember the pattern: [Something] + 집약적. It means that [Something] is the most important part of the work. If you say '시간 집약적,' it means something takes a lot of time in a short period. It is a formal word, so you won't use it with friends. You will use it when talking about work or when you want to sound very smart in a classroom. Just remember: it's about packing a lot of effort into a small 'container.'

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At the B1 level, you should begin to recognize '집약적' in more professional contexts. This word is essential for discussing topics like the economy, technology, and urban development. The core meaning is 'intensive'—where resources are gathered (집) and summarized or condensed (약). You should distinguish it from '집중적' (focused). While '집중적' is about where you look or where you put your energy, '집약적' is about the structure of the activity itself. For example, '지식 집약적 산업' (knowledge-intensive industry) describes sectors like IT or Biotech where the value comes from high-level expertise packed into the products. You might also hear it in the phrase '집약적으로 관리하다,' which means to manage something with high density and efficiency. When you write essays about society or the environment, using '집약적' instead of just '많이' or '복잡한' will significantly improve your score and make your Korean sound more academic and precise.

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B2 is the target level for mastering '집약적.' At this stage, you should be able to use it fluently in discussions about industry trends and efficiency. It is a key term for describing the 'density' of a process. In Korea, land is limited, so '토지 집약적' (land-intensive) use is a common topic in urban planning—maximizing the utility of every square meter. You should also understand its adverbial use: '집약적으로 투자하다' (to invest intensively). This implies a strategic decision to pour resources into a specific area to get the best result. You'll encounter this word in 'Sisa' (current events) materials, economic reports, and professional presentations. A common collocation is '기술 집약적' (technology-intensive). Understanding the Hanja (集 - gather, 約 - condense) will help you realize why this word is used for things that are 'distilled' or 'packed.' It’s not just 'busy'; it's 'efficiently packed.'

For C1 learners, '집약적' is a tool for nuanced expression. You should move beyond the common 'labor-intensive' or 'tech-intensive' pairings and look at how the word describes the essence of human endeavor. For instance, '인간 지성의 집약체' (the culmination/intensive collection of human intelligence) is a phrase used to describe great inventions like the internet or space stations. Here, '집약' functions as a noun meaning a 'synthesis' or 'distillation.' At this level, you should also be aware of the stylistic choice between '집약적' and synonyms like '함축적' (implicit) or '밀도 높은' (high-density). '집약적' carries a more systematic, industrial, or strategic nuance. In a C1-level essay, you might discuss how '집약적 농업' (intensive agriculture) has environmental impacts compared to extensive farming. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the balance between input and output, and the strategic concentration of power or data.

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At the C2 level, you should have a native-like grasp of the philosophical and technical implications of '집약적.' This includes its use in high-level academic discourse regarding 'Data-intensive science' (데이터 집약적 과학) or 'Capital-intensive production' in Marxist or classical economic critiques. You can use the word to describe the 'distillation of time and effort' in artistic masterpieces—'수십 년의 연구가 집약된 논문' (a thesis that is the intensive result of decades of research). You should also be able to navigate the subtle difference between '집약' (concentration of resources) and '응축' (physical or emotional condensation). A C2 speaker uses '집약적' to discuss complex societal structures, such as the '집약적 도시화' (intensive urbanization) of East Asia, and can critique the efficiency-first mindset that the word often implies. Your mastery is shown by using it to describe the 'essence' of a complex system where multiple variables are brought together into a powerful, functional whole.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

집약적 en 30 secondes

Means 'intensive' or 'concentrated' regarding resources like labor, capital, or knowledge.
Commonly used in professional, economic, and academic Korean contexts.
Formed from Hanja: 集 (gather) + 約 (summarize/condense).
Key collocations include 노동 집약적 (labor-intensive) and 기술 집약적 (tech-intensive).

The Korean word 집약적 (Jib-yak-jeok) is a sophisticated adjective that translates most closely to 'intensive' in English. However, its usage is specifically tied to the concept of 'condensation' or 'concentration.' When you use this word, you are describing a situation where a massive amount of resources—be it labor, capital, knowledge, or effort—is packed into a very narrow scope or a limited timeframe to achieve maximum efficiency or output. It comes from the Hanja roots 集 (집 - to gather) and 約 (약 - to summarize or contract), literally meaning the state of gathering things into a concise form.

Economic Context: In economics, this word is indispensable. It characterizes industries based on their primary resource. For example, '노동 집약적 산업' (labor-intensive industry) refers to businesses like garment manufacturing where human hands are the primary driver. Conversely, '기술 집약적 산업' (technology-intensive industry) refers to sectors like semiconductor manufacturing where high-level expertise and advanced machinery are concentrated.

한국은 과거 노동 집약적 산업에서 기술 집약적 산업으로 성공적으로 전환했습니다.

Translation: Korea successfully transitioned from labor-intensive industries to technology-intensive industries in the past.

Beyond economics, you will hear this word in academic and professional settings. It describes information density. A '집약적인 보고서' (intensive report) isn't just long; it is packed with critical data and insights without any fluff. It is the opposite of '포괄적' (comprehensive/broad), which focuses on covering a wide range of topics superficially. '집약적' focuses on depth and concentration within a specific boundary.

Temporal Usage: When applied to time, it means doing a lot in a short period. A '단기간의 집약적 훈련' (short-term intensive training) implies a rigorous schedule where every minute is utilized to the maximum. This is common in military, sports, or high-stakes corporate training contexts.

우리는 다음 프로젝트를 위해 집약적인 논의를 거쳐야 합니다.

In urban planning, '토지 집약적 이용' (intensive land use) refers to building skyscrapers or high-density housing in small areas to maximize the utility of expensive land. This is a very common topic in Korean news due to the country's high population density in Seoul. It reflects a mindset of efficiency and maximizing output from limited inputs, a core value in modern Korean society's rapid development history.

Using '집약적' correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a pre-noun adjective (determiner form: 집약적인) or an adverbial form (집약적으로). It is rarely used as a simple predicate like '집약적이다' in casual conversation, but frequently appears in professional and written contexts.

As an Adjective (Modifying a Noun): The most common pattern is [Type of Resource] + [집약적] + [Noun]. Common nouns modified include 산업 (industry), 농업 (agriculture), 교육 (education), and 연구 (research). For example: '자본 집약적 산업' (capital-intensive industry).

이 연구소는 지식 집약적인 프로젝트를 수행하고 있습니다.

Translation: This research institute is carrying out knowledge-intensive projects.

When you want to describe *how* an action is performed, use the adverbial form '집약적으로'. This is often paired with verbs like '투자하다' (to invest), '관리하다' (to manage), or '운영하다' (to operate). It suggests that the action is being done with high focus and density.

제한된 예산을 집약적으로 투입하여 성과를 극대화해야 합니다.

In more advanced usage, you can see it used to describe the essence of something. '이 책은 작가의 사상이 집약된 결과물이다' (This book is the condensed/intensive result of the author's thoughts). Here, '집약된' (the passive participle of 집약하다) is used to show that the thoughts have been distilled into the book. This adds a layer of sophistication to your Korean, moving beyond simple 'intensive' to 'distilled essence.'

Collocation: 집약적 성장: 'Intensive growth' refers to growing by increasing productivity and efficiency rather than just adding more land or more workers. It is a key term in development studies.

우리는 양적 팽창보다는 집약적 성장에 집중해야 할 때입니다.

While '집약적' is not a word you'll typically use to order fried chicken, it is ubiquitous in the 'News and Business' world of Korea. If you watch KBS News or read the Chosun Ilbo, you will encounter this word daily. It is the language of policy makers, CEOs, and analysts. Understanding it is crucial for anyone looking to work in a Korean corporate environment or study in a Korean university.

The Newsroom: News anchors use '집약적' to describe government initiatives. For instance, if the government decides to pour all its resources into a specific 'Smart City' project, the news will call it a '집약적 개발' (intensive development). It conveys a sense of urgency and high-level priority.

정부는 신재생 에너지 분야에 예산을 집약적으로 편성했습니다.

Translation: The government has intensively allocated the budget to the renewable energy sector.

In university lectures, especially in sociology, economics, or engineering, professors use '집약적' to explain complex systems. In a sociology class, they might discuss how urbanization leads to '인구 집약적' (population-intensive) living conditions. In engineering, they might discuss '데이터 집약적' (data-intensive) computing, which requires high processing power for massive amounts of information.

The Corporate Office: During a '기획 회의' (planning meeting), a manager might say, '이번 프로젝트는 시간 집약적인 작업이 될 것입니다' (This project will be a time-intensive task). This is a professional way of warning the team that they will be very busy and need to focus intensely on a single goal.

우리 회사의 강점은 집약적인 기술력에 있습니다.

Finally, in the context of the 'Korean Wave' (Hallyu), critics often describe K-pop trainee systems as '집약적인 훈련 시스템' (intensive training systems). This highlights the high density of practice and education packed into the years before a group debuts, explaining the high quality of the final 'output' (the performance).

While '집약적' is a powerful word, learners often confuse it with other 'intensive' or 'concentrated' synonyms. The most common mistake is using it in contexts that are too casual or physical. Because '집약적' has a strong nuance of 'resource management' and 'efficiency,' using it for simple physical density can sound strange.

Mistake 1: Confusing with '밀집한' (Densely packed): Use '밀집한' (mil-jip-han) for physical objects or people crowded together. Use '집약적' for abstract resources or effort. You wouldn't say '집약적인 사람들' to mean a crowd; you'd say '인구가 밀집한 지역' (a densely populated area). However, you *could* say '인구 집약적인 산업' if you mean an industry that relies heavily on a concentrated population.

❌ 이 방은 가구가 집약적이에요. (Awkward)
✅ 이 방은 가구가 밀집해 있어요. (Correct - Physical density)

Mistake 2: Confusing with '집중적' (Focused/Concentrated): '집중적' (jip-jung-jeok) is more about the *direction* of focus. '집약적' is about the *density* of resources. If it's raining heavily in one spot, it's '집중 호우' (concentrated heavy rain). If you are putting all your money into one stock, it's '집중 투자'. '집약적' is used more when describing the *nature* or *structure* of a system (like an industry).

Mistake 3: Over-using it in Casual Settings: Saying '저는 집약적으로 공부해요' to a friend sounds like you are a robot or a textbook. Use '빡세게' (slang for intensely/hard) or '열심히' (hard) instead. '집약적' is reserved for formal writing, speeches, and professional debates.

❌ 오늘 점심은 집약적으로 먹자. (Nonsense)
✅ 오늘 점심은 빨리 먹자. (Correct - Let's eat quickly)

To truly master '집약적', you must understand how it sits within a family of similar Korean words. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about focus, physical density, or the condensation of meaning.

집중적 (Focused/Concentrated): Difference: Focus vs. Density. '집중적' is about directing attention or resources to a single point. '집약적' is about how much is packed into that point.
Example: 집중적인 관심 (focused interest) vs. 지식 집약적 (knowledge-intensive).

밀집된 (Densely Packed/Crowded): Difference: Physical vs. Abstract. '밀집된' is used for physical objects like buildings, trees, or people. '집약적' is for abstract concepts like technology or labor.
Example: 건물이 밀집된 도심 (a downtown where buildings are crowded).

함축적 (Implicit/Loaded with Meaning): Difference: Meaning vs. Resource. '함축적' is used when a short phrase or poem contains deep, hidden meanings. While '집약적' can mean 'condensed,' it's usually about resources, while '함축적' is about linguistics and art.
Example: 함축적인 시구 (an implicit/meaning-heavy line of poetry).

Comparison Table:
1. 집약적: High density of resources (Industry/Efficiency)
2. 집중적: Directing force to one point (Action/Focus)
3. 밀도 높은: High quality/density (Work/Content)

If you want to sound more natural in a professional setting without being overly formal, you can use '밀도 높은' (high density). For example, '밀도 높은 회의' (a high-density/productive meeting) is a great alternative to '집약적인 회의'. It conveys that the time was used very well without sounding like an economics textbook.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The '약' in 집약적 is the same '약' in '약속' (promise) and '요약' (summary). It conveys the idea of binding things together tightly.

Guide de prononciation

UK t͡ɕibjak̚t͡ɕ͈ʌk̚

US t͡ɕibjak̚t͡ɕ͈ʌk̚

The stress is slightly on the 'yak' syllable, but Korean is generally a syllable-timed language.

Rime avec

가학적 (gahak-jeok) 과학적 (gwahak-jeok) 철학적 (cheolhak-jeok) 비약적 (biyak-jeok) 비약적 (biyak-jeok) 수학적 (suhak-jeok) 미학적 (mihak-jeok) 문학적 (munhak-jeok)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing '적' as a soft 'jeok' instead of the tense 'jjeok'.
Missing the 'k' stop at the end of 'yak'.
Over-aspirating the 'j' in 'jib'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 4/5

Common in newspapers and textbooks, requiring Hanja knowledge for deep understanding.

Écriture 5/5

Requires precise context to avoid sounding overly formal or using it where '집중적' fits better.

Expression orale 4/5

Used in presentations or debates; sounds very professional.

Écoute 3/5

Easily recognizable once you know the 'Jib-Yak' sound.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

집중 (focus) 모으다 (to gather) 요약 (summary) 산업 (industry) 기술 (technology)

Apprends ensuite

효율성 (efficiency) 부가가치 (value-added) 구조조정 (restructuring) 첨단 (state-of-the-art) 혁신 (innovation)

Avancé

응축 (condensation) 함축 (implication) 수렴 (convergence) 결정체 (crystal/culmination) 정수 (essence)

Grammaire à connaître

-적 (Suffix creating an adjective)

경제 (Economy) -> 경제적 (Economic)

-적으로 (Adverbial suffix)

집약적 -> 집약적으로 (Intensively)

-적인 (Adjective modifier form)

집약적 -> 집약적인 노력 (Intensive effort)

-되다 (Passive verb formation)

집약 + 되다 = 집약되다 (To be concentrated)

Hanja roots (集/約)

집중 (Focus), 요약 (Summary)

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Exemples par niveau

이 일은 사람이 많이 필요해요.

This work needs many people. (Simple version of labor-intensive)

A1 level avoids '집약적' for simpler '많이' (many/a lot).

짧은 시간에 공부를 많이 했어요.

I studied a lot in a short time.

Focuses on the concept of 'intensive' without the hard word.

이 농장은 작지만 꽃이 많아요.

This farm is small but has many flowers.

Simple description of density.

열심히 일하는 것이 중요해요.

Working hard is important.

Basic 'hard work' concept.

사람들이 좁은 곳에 모여 있어요.

People are gathered in a narrow place.

Physical gathering concept.

우리는 힘을 하나로 모아요.

We gather our strength into one.

Gathering (집) concept.

이 책은 내용이 아주 많아요.

This book has a lot of content.

Concept of being 'packed'.

컴퓨터는 아주 똑똑한 기계예요.

Computers are very smart machines.

Simple version of 'tech-intensive'.

이 공장은 노동 집약적이에요.

This factory is labor-intensive.

Introduction of the basic economic term.

집약적인 교육이 필요합니다.

Intensive education is necessary.

Using the adjective form to modify a noun.

이곳은 인구가 집약된 도시입니다.

This is a city where the population is concentrated.

Using '집약된' as a passive adjective.

우리는 짧은 시간에 집약적으로 연습했어요.

We practiced intensively in a short time.

Adverbial form '집약적으로'.

기술 집약적 산업이 발전하고 있어요.

Technology-intensive industries are developing.

Common industry collocation.

이 보고서는 정보를 집약해서 보여줍니다.

This report summarizes and shows information intensively.

Using '집약해서' (gathering and summarizing).

좁은 땅을 집약적으로 사용해요.

They use the narrow land intensively.

Land use context.

그의 노력이 이 책에 집약되어 있습니다.

His efforts are concentrated in this book.

Abstract concentration.

반도체는 대표적인 기술 집약적 제품입니다.

Semiconductors are a representative technology-intensive product.

Professional industry description.

한 달 동안 집약적인 훈련 과정을 거쳤어요.

I went through an intensive training course for a month.

Temporal intensity.

이 지역은 자본 집약적인 투자가 이루어지고 있습니다.

Capital-intensive investment is taking place in this area.

Economic context with '자본' (capital).

문제를 해결하기 위해 집약적인 논의가 필요합니다.

Intensive discussion is needed to solve the problem.

Abstract resource (discussion/thought).

그의 연구 결과는 이 한 문장에 집약되어 있다.

The results of his research are condensed into this one sentence.

Condensation of meaning.

지식 집약적 사회에서는 교육이 가장 중요합니다.

In a knowledge-intensive society, education is most important.

Societal description.

우리는 에너지를 집약적으로 관리해야 합니다.

We must manage energy intensively.

Resource management.

이 디자인은 현대적 미학이 집약된 결과입니다.

This design is the result of concentrated modern aesthetics.

Aesthetic concentration.

노동 집약적 구조에서 탈피하여 고부가가치 산업으로 나아가야 합니다.

We must move away from a labor-intensive structure toward high-value-added industries.

Advanced economic discourse.

이 도시는 토지 이용의 집약도가 매우 높습니다.

This city has a very high intensity of land use.

Noun form '집약도' (degree of intensity).

단기간의 집약적 투자가 성패를 좌우할 것입니다.

Short-term intensive investment will determine success or failure.

Strategic business language.

이 알고리즘은 데이터 집약적인 작업에 최적화되어 있습니다.

This algorithm is optimized for data-intensive tasks.

Technical/Computing context.

그 영화는 감독의 예술적 고뇌가 집약된 수작이다.

The movie is a masterpiece in which the director's artistic agony is concentrated.

Artistic/Literary critique.

환경 오염을 줄이기 위해 집약적인 기술 개발이 시급합니다.

Intensive technology development is urgent to reduce environmental pollution.

Social issue context.

우리는 마케팅 역량을 집약적으로 투입하기로 결정했습니다.

We decided to intensively deploy our marketing capabilities.

Corporate strategy.

이 논문은 방대한 자료를 집약적으로 정리하고 있다.

This paper intensively organizes vast amounts of data.

Academic organization.

현대 건축은 기능성과 심미성의 집약적 결합을 추구한다.

Modern architecture seeks an intensive combination of functionality and aesthetics.

High-level abstract combination.

그 프로젝트는 다학제적 지식의 집약적인 상호작용을 요구한다.

The project requires intensive interaction of multidisciplinary knowledge.

Complex academic phrasing.

정부는 특정 산업 단지를 지정하여 자원을 집약적으로 배분했다.

The government designated specific industrial complexes and intensively allocated resources.

Policy and administration language.

이 시는 인간의 고독을 집약적으로 표현하고 있다.

This poem intensively expresses human loneliness.

Literary analysis.

정보 집약적 경제 체제에서는 데이터가 곧 권력이다.

In an information-intensive economic system, data is power.

Sociopolitical commentary.

우리는 양적 팽창의 한계를 극복하기 위해 집약적 성장을 도모해야 한다.

We must promote intensive growth to overcome the limits of quantitative expansion.

Economic philosophy.

이 기기는 최첨단 나노 기술의 집약체라고 할 수 있습니다.

This device can be called the culmination (intensive collection) of cutting-edge nanotechnology.

Noun '집약체' (the intensive whole).

그의 연설은 시대적 요구를 집약적으로 담아내어 큰 반향을 일으켰다.

His speech intensively captured the demands of the era and caused a great sensation.

Rhetorical analysis.

포스트 포디즘 시대의 생산 방식은 더욱 지식 집약적인 성격을 띤다.

Production methods in the post-Fordist era take on a more knowledge-intensive character.

Sociological/Economic theory.

해당 연구는 수세기에 걸친 철학적 담론을 집약적으로 고찰한다.

The study intensively examines philosophical discourses spanning centuries.

High academic research.

도시의 집약적 고도화는 필연적으로 공간의 재구조화를 동반한다.

The intensive advancement of a city inevitably accompanies the restructuring of space.

Urban planning theory.

작가는 파편화된 기억들을 하나의 서사로 집약시키는 데 성공했다.

The author succeeded in condensing fragmented memories into a single narrative.

Literary/Narrative mastery.

자본의 집약적 축적은 부의 불평등을 심화시키는 요인이 되기도 한다.

Intensive accumulation of capital can also be a factor that deepens wealth inequality.

Critical economic analysis.

이 신소재는 강도와 경량성이라는 상충하는 가치를 집약적으로 구현했다.

This new material intensively embodied the conflicting values of strength and lightness.

Advanced material science context.

문화적 역량이 집약된 축제는 국가 브랜드 이미지를 제고한다.

A festival where cultural capabilities are concentrated enhances the national brand image.

National policy/soft power.

언어의 집약적 효율성은 시적 언어에서 그 정점에 달한다.

The intensive efficiency of language reaches its peak in poetic language.

Linguistic philosophy.

Synonymes

집중적 밀도 높은 함축적

Antonymes

분산적 희박한

Collocations courantes

노동 집약적

기술 집약적

자본 집약적

지식 집약적

집약적으로 투자하다

토지 집약적

데이터 집약적

집약적 훈련

집약적 성장

에너지 집약적

Phrases Courantes

집약적인 노력

— A concentrated and intense effort to achieve a goal.

모두의 집약적인 노력이 결실을 맺었습니다.

정보의 집약

— The gathering and condensation of information.

이 플랫폼은 전 세계 정보의 집약을 목표로 합니다.

집약된 형태

— A condensed or concentrated form.

이 제품은 최신 기술이 집약된 형태입니다.

집약적 관리

— Intensive management focusing on high efficiency.

고객 데이터를 집약적으로 관리하고 있습니다.

집약적 개발

— Intensive development of a specific area or product.

신도시의 집약적 개발 계획이 발표되었습니다.

역량 집약

— Concentrating all capabilities or talents.

회사의 모든 역량을 집약하여 신제품을 출시했습니다.

집약적 농업

— Intensive farming (high yield on small land).

집약적 농업은 식량 문제 해결에 기여했습니다.

집약적 교육

— Intensive education/curriculum.

방학 동안 집약적 영어 코스를 수강했습니다.

집약적 논의

— Deep and focused discussion.

밤샘 집약적 논의 끝에 합의에 도달했습니다.

집약적 가치

— Condensed or high-density value.

이 보석은 장인의 기술이 담긴 집약적 가치를 지닙니다.

Souvent confondu avec

집약적 vs 집중적

Focus (direction) vs Density (structure). You have 'concentrated' rain (집중 호우), but 'labor-intensive' industry (노동 집약적).

집약적 vs 밀집된

Physical crowding vs abstract resource concentration. People are '밀집' in a subway, but technology is '집약' in a phone.

집약적 vs 함축적

Hidden meaning vs gathered resources. A poem is '함축적', a factory is '집약적'.

Expressions idiomatiques

"정수가 집약되다"

— The very essence or 'spirit' of something is concentrated.

이 요리에는 한국의 맛의 정수가 집약되어 있다.

Literary

"혼이 집약되다"

— One's soul/spirit is poured and concentrated into a work.

장인의 혼이 집약된 명검입니다.

Formal/Honorific

"결정체가 집약되다"

— The 'crystal' or final perfect result is formed by concentration.

이 스마트폰은 현대 과학의 결정체가 집약된 기기입니다.

Professional

"노하우가 집약되다"

— Decades of 'know-how' are packed into something.

우리 회사의 30년 노하우가 집약된 서비스입니다.

Business

"지혜를 집약하다"

— To gather and condense wisdom from many people.

모두의 지혜를 집약하여 위기를 극복합시다.

Formal

"역사를 집약하다"

— To condense history into a single moment or place.

이 박물관은 도시의 역사를 집약해서 보여줍니다.

Cultural

"에너지를 집약시키다"

— To focus all energy into one specific goal.

국가적 에너지를 집약시켜 우주 탐사에 도전합니다.

Political

"미학을 집약하다"

— To concentrate artistic beauty into a single design.

이 드레스는 디자이너의 미학을 집약하고 있다.

Artistic

"기술의 집약체"

— A physical object that represents the peak of technology.

전투기는 첨단 기술의 집약체이다.

Technical

"사상을 집약하다"

— To condense complex thoughts or philosophies.

이 문장은 그의 평생 사상을 집약하고 있다.

Academic

Facile à confondre

집약적 vs 밀도

Both relate to density.

밀도 is the noun 'density' (mass/volume). 집약적 is an adjective describing the *process* or *nature* of being dense with resources.

인구 밀도가 높다 (Population density is high) vs 노동 집약적 산업 (Labor-intensive industry).

집약적 vs 압축

Both involve making things smaller/tighter.

압축 is usually physical or digital compression (like a ZIP file). 집약 is about gathering and focusing resources/efforts.

파일을 압축하다 (Compress a file) vs 지식을 집약하다 (Gather/intensify knowledge).

집약적 vs 응축

Both mean 'condensing'.

응축 is often used for physical states (gas to liquid) or emotions. 집약 is used for systems, industries, and resources.

수증기가 응축되다 (Steam condenses) vs 기술이 집약되다 (Tech is concentrated).

집약적 vs 통합

Both involve bringing things together.

통합 is 'integration' or 'merging' separate entities into one. 집약 is about the *intensity* of that gathering.

두 회사를 통합하다 (Merge two companies) vs 역량을 집약하다 (Concentrate capabilities).

집약적 vs 결집

Both mean gathering.

결집 is often used for people or political power (uniting for a cause). 집약 is more about resources and efficiency.

국민의 힘을 결집하다 (Unite the people's power) vs 자본을 집약하다 (Concentrate capital).

Structures de phrases

A은/는 [Resource] 집약적 산업이다.

농업은 노동 집약적 산업이다.

[Noun]에 [집약적으로] 투자하다.

교육에 자본을 집약적으로 투자했다.

[Noun]이/가 [집약된] 결과물이다.

이 영화는 감독의 노력이 집약된 결과물이다.

[집약적인] [Noun]이/가 필요하다.

집약적인 기술 개발이 필요하다.

[Noun]의 집약체라고 할 수 있다.

이 건물은 현대 건축의 집약체라고 할 수 있다.

[Noun]을/를 [집약적으로] 고찰하다.

이 논문은 역사를 집약적으로 고찰한다.

[Abstract Noun]의 집약적 구현.

전통 미학의 집약적 구현이 돋보인다.

[Noun]의 집약도를 높이다.

토지 이용의 집약도를 높여야 한다.

Famille de mots

Noms

집약 (concentration/condensation)

집약도 (degree of intensity)

집약체 (intensive body/culmination)

집약성 (intensivity)

Verbes

집약하다 (to concentrate/condense)

집약되다 (to be concentrated/condensed)

Adjectifs

집약적 (intensive)

Apparenté

집중 (focus)

압축 (compression)

밀집 (density)

함축 (implication)

응축 (condensation)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High in professional contexts; Low in casual speech.

Erreurs courantes

Using '집약적' for physical density of people. → 인구가 밀집한 지역 (A densely populated area)
집약적 is for resources/effort, 밀집 is for physical objects/people.
Using '집약적' in casual texts to friends. → 오늘 진짜 빡세게 공부했어. (I studied really hard today.)
집약적 is too formal for daily life; it sounds like a textbook.
Confusing '집약적' with '집중적' for rain. → 집중 호우 (Concentrated heavy rain)
Rain is 'focused' in one spot (집중), not 'resource-intensive' (집약).
Saying '집약적이다' as a standalone comment. → 이 산업은 집약적인 성격을 띱니다. (This industry has an intensive character.)
It's usually used as a modifier (집약적인) rather than a simple predicate.
Using '집약적' for 'summarized' in a simple way. → 요약된 내용 (Summarized content)
집약적 implies a high density of value/effort, not just making a text shorter.

Astuces

Corporate Lingo

In a Korean office, describing a project as '집약적' implies it will be high-stakes and require 100% focus. It's a way to signal importance.

Hanja Power

Remembering 集 (Gather) and 約 (Condense) will help you unlock dozens of other words like 집중, 집합, 요약, and 약속.

TOPIK Tip

This word often appears in TOPIK II reading and listening sections, especially in the 30-50 question range which covers social and economic issues.

Essay Structure

When writing about the future, use '지식 집약적' to describe the shift in the job market. It shows you have an advanced vocabulary.

Sound Professional

Instead of saying '열심히 했어요', try '역량을 집약하여 최선을 다했습니다' in a job interview. It sounds much more professional.

Efficiency

Understand that '집약적' reflects the Korean value of 'efficiency' (효율성). Doing more with less is a highly respected trait.

News Context

If you hear '집약적' in a news headline, the story is likely about a new government policy or a breakthrough in technology.

Noun Pairs

Almost always paired with 산업 (industry), 투자 (investment), or 기술 (technology). Learn these pairs together.

Not Just 'Busy'

Don't confuse 'intensive' with just being 'busy'. '집약적' implies a strategic choice to concentrate resources.

Zip it!

Think of a 'ZIP' file. It gathers many files and makes them small. That's the essence of 집약.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a 'Zip' (집) folder on your computer. You take many files and 'Zip' them into one 'Yak' (약) - a small, summarized package. That's Jib-Yak-Jeok!

Association visuelle

A microchip. It's tiny, but it has millions of transistors 'gathered' and 'condensed' into a small space. It is technology-intensive.

Word Web

노동 (Labor) 기술 (Tech) 자본 (Capital) 지식 (Knowledge) 산업 (Industry) 투자 (Investment) 효율 (Efficiency) 밀도 (Density)

Défi

Try to find one '집약적' thing in your room. Is it your smartphone (tech-intensive)? Or your bookshelf (knowledge-intensive)? Write a sentence about it.

Origine du mot

Derived from the Hanja 集 (집) meaning 'to gather' or 'collect' and 約 (약) meaning 'brief', 'summary', or 'contract'. The suffix 的 (적) turns it into an adjective.

Sens originel : To gather things and make them concise or dense.

Sino-Korean (Hanja)

Contexte culturel

Be careful not to sound too robotic. Using '집약적' in a romantic or purely social setting can sound cold or overly analytical.

In English, we use 'intensive' for many things, but '집약적' is more formal than 'intensive' in casual English. You wouldn't say 'intensive exercise' as '집약적 운동' (use '고강도' instead).

Samsung's growth is often cited as a result of '기술 집약적' strategy. The Saemaul Undone (New Village Movement) used '노동 집약적' methods to develop rural areas. Korean 'Pali-Pali' culture is an informal cousin of '집약적' efficiency.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Economic News

노동 집약적 산업
기술 집약적 산업
집약적 성장
자본 집약적

Academic Research

집약적인 논의
지식이 집약된
연구의 집약체
집약적으로 고찰하다

Urban Planning

토지 집약적 이용
인구 집약 지역
집약적 개발
공간의 집약

Technology/IT

데이터 집약적 작업
기술의 집약체
집약적인 시스템
정보 집약적

Professional Training

집약적 훈련 코스
시간 집약적 프로젝트
역량을 집약하다
집약적 관리

Amorces de conversation

"한국이 기술 집약적 산업에서 강한 이유는 무엇이라고 생각하세요?"

"요즘 공부하시는 내용 중에서 가장 지식 집약적인 부분은 무엇인가요?"

"시간을 집약적으로 사용하기 위한 본인만의 노하우가 있나요?"

"앞으로 어떤 산업이 가장 지식 집약적인 산업이 될까요?"

"노동 집약적 산업이 사라지는 것이 사회에 어떤 영향을 줄까요?"

Sujets d'écriture

오늘 하루를 집약적으로 보냈나요? 어떤 일을 가장 열심히 했는지 적어보세요.

내가 가진 기술이나 지식 중에서 가장 '집약적'이라고 할 수 있는 것은 무엇인가요?

미래의 도시는 어떤 식으로 토지를 집약적으로 사용하게 될지 상상해 보세요.

나의 인생 철학을 한 문장으로 집약한다면 무엇일까요?

노동 집약적 산업에서 일하는 사람들의 권리를 어떻게 보호할 수 있을까요?

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Yes, you can say '집약적인 일정' (an intensive schedule), but it sounds very formal. In casual conversation, people usually say '빡빡한 일정' or '바쁜 일정'. Use '집약적' if you want to emphasize that the schedule was designed for maximum efficiency.

In most cases, '노동 집약적' (labor-intensive) is the standard technical term used in economics. '노동 집중적' is rarely used and might be understood as 'focusing on labor' rather than the industry's structural reliance on it. Stick with '집약적' for industry types.

Generally, it is a neutral or positive word implying efficiency. However, in environmental contexts, '집약적 농업' (intensive farming) can have negative connotations regarding soil depletion or chemical use compared to '친환경 농업' (eco-friendly farming).

It is '지식 집약적' (ji-sik jib-yak-jeok). This is a very common term in modern Korean discourse about the future economy.

No, that would be very strange! For a thick or rich soup, use '진하다' or '걸쭉하다'. '집약적' is for abstract resources, not physical consistency.

Yes, '집약하다' (to concentrate/intensify) and '집약되다' (to be concentrated/intensified). Example: '모든 기술을 이 제품에 집약했습니다' (We concentrated all our technology into this product).

Because Korea's economic development was based on shifting from 'labor-intensive' to 'technology-intensive' industries. It is a core part of the national narrative of growth and efficiency.

'집약체' (jib-yak-che) means 'the culmination' or 'the physical embodiment' of concentrated efforts/tech. A smartphone is a '기술의 집약체' (a culmination of technology).

Yes! It is very common. '집약적으로 공부하다' (to study intensively) or '집약적으로 투자하다' (to invest intensively) are perfectly natural in formal settings.

No, use '밀집된' or '북적이는' for a crowded room. '집약적' is for the density of resources, not just physical presence.

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