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B1 noun 11 min de lecture

성찰

seongchal
Exemples 성찰 en 30 secondes
Explication 성찰 in your Level:
At the A1 level, '성찰' is a very difficult word because it is abstract and formal. Usually, A1 students learn basic verbs like '생각하다' (to think) or '보다' (to see). You won't hear this word in basic greetings or shopping. However, you can think of it as a 'big version' of thinking. Imagine you are not just thinking about what to eat, but you are thinking very deeply about who you are. That deep thinking is '성찰'. In simple Korean, teachers might explain it as '깊게 생각하는 것' (thinking deeply). You might see it in a simple storybook where a character thinks about their actions. For now, just remember that it starts with '성' and means something very serious. You don't need to use it in your daily speaking yet, but recognizing it will help you understand that the conversation has become serious and thoughtful.
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For A2 learners, '성찰' is a word you might encounter in reading passages about self-improvement or in simple essays. At this level, you should know that it is a noun and it often goes with '하다' to become a verb. You can compare it to '반성하다' (to reflect on a mistake), which you might have learned. While '반성' is when you say 'I'm sorry I did that,' '성찰' is when you ask 'Why did I do that, and what does it mean for my life?' It is a more 'grown-up' word. You might see it in a sentence like '자신을 성찰하는 시간이 필요해요' (I need time to reflect on myself). It is a good word to know if you want to talk about your hobbies like journaling or meditation. When you see '성찰' in a text, it usually means the topic is about the mind, the heart, or looking back at the past to learn a lesson.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand and occasionally use '성찰'. This word is essential for discussing personal growth, which is a common topic in intermediate Korean exams like TOPIK. You should distinguish '성찰' from '반성'—'성찰' is more analytical and less about guilt. It is often used in the context of '자기 성찰' (self-reflection). You should be able to use it in a sentence like '이 책은 우리에게 진정한 행복이 무엇인지 성찰하게 한다' (This book makes us reflect on what true happiness is). This level requires you to understand that '성찰' is a formal word (격식 있는 말) and is appropriate for writing essays or giving a short presentation about your life experiences. You should also recognize the adjective form '성찰적' (reflective), as in '성찰적인 태도' (a reflective attitude). Understanding this word helps you move from basic communication to expressing more complex and abstract thoughts.
B2 learners should have a firm grasp of '성찰' and its nuances. You should be able to use it fluently in discussions about social issues, literature, and philosophy. At this level, you understand that '성찰' is not just about the individual but can be applied to society as a whole ('사회적 성찰'). You should also be familiar with common collocations like '비판적 성찰' (critical reflection) and '윤리적 성찰' (ethical reflection). You can use '성찰' to describe the theme of a movie or a book, or to explain the importance of historical awareness. In a debate, you might say, '우리는 과거의 잘못에 대해 깊은 성찰을 기울여야 합니다' (We must devote deep reflection to the mistakes of the past). You also understand that '성찰' is a key part of the 'Self-Introduction Letter' (자기소개서) culture in Korea, where demonstrating the ability to reflect on one's growth is highly valued by employers and universities.
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At the C1 level, '성찰' is a tool for sophisticated discourse. You should understand its philosophical roots and how it differs from similar terms like '사색' (contemplation) or '고찰' (investigation). You are expected to use '성찰' in academic writing, professional reports, and high-level debates. You can discuss '성찰성' (reflexivity) in the context of sociology or modern philosophy. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's weight—using it to denote a rigorous, critical examination of underlying assumptions and structures. For instance, you might write about '근대성에 대한 성찰' (reflection on modernity). You should also be able to interpret the stylistic choice of an author who uses '성찰' instead of '반성' to convey a sense of intellectual maturity and distance from mere emotional regret. At this level, '성찰' is not just a vocabulary word but a conceptual framework for your Korean communication.
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For C2 learners, '성찰' is a word you use with precision and stylistic flair. You understand its subtle connotations in various registers, from the spiritual to the political. You can use it to critique the lack of introspection in contemporary culture or to praise the depth of a classical text. You are comfortable using it in complex grammatical structures, such as nominalized phrases or as part of intricate metaphors. You might use it in a sentence like '그의 문학은 존재의 시원에 대한 끊임없는 성찰의 결과물이다' (His literature is the result of constant reflection on the origin of existence). You also understand the historical weight of the word in Korean intellectual history, particularly how it relates to the tradition of 'Seonbi' (scholarly) culture and the emphasis on continuous self-improvement. Your command of '성찰' allows you to engage with the most profound aspects of Korean thought and literature at a native-like level.
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Exemples

성찰 en 30 secondes

  • 성찰 is a formal word for deep self-reflection and introspection used in serious contexts.
  • It differs from '반성' (regret) by focusing more on analytical insight and personal growth.
  • Commonly used in literature, news, and academic writing to discuss ethics and society.
  • The verb form is '성찰하다', and the adjective form is '성찰적' (reflective).

The Korean word 성찰 (Seong-chal) is a profound noun that translates most accurately to 'introspection,' 'self-reflection,' or 'contemplation.' While English speakers might use 'reflection' casually to describe thinking about their day, '성찰' carries a weightier, more philosophical connotation. It refers to the deliberate and deep act of looking into one's own heart, mind, and past actions to evaluate their moral or intellectual value. It is not merely remembering; it is analyzing with the intent of growth or enlightenment. In Korean society, which is deeply influenced by Confucian and Buddhist traditions, '성찰' is seen as a virtuous practice for self-cultivation.

Philosophical Depth
Unlike the common word '반성' (ban-seong), which often implies regret or apologizing for a specific mistake, '성찰' is broader. It encompasses the examination of one's existence, societal role, and the nature of humanity itself.

진정한 성장은 끊임없는 자기 성찰에서 비롯된다. (True growth stems from constant self-reflection.)

You will encounter this word frequently in literature, academic essays, religious discourses, and high-level journalism. It is used when discussing historical responsibility, personal ethics, or the direction of a community. For instance, after a major social crisis, Korean intellectuals might call for a 'social reflection' (사회적 성찰) to understand the underlying causes rather than just blaming individuals. This demonstrates how the word moves from the individual to the collective.

Contextual Usage
In professional settings, it is used to describe evaluative processes. In personal settings, it is used to describe deep personal realizations or the process of maturing through life's hardships.

그는 고독한 시간을 통해 삶에 대한 깊은 성찰의 기회를 가졌다. (Through lonely times, he had an opportunity for deep reflection on life.)

Furthermore, '성찰' is often paired with the verb '하다' (to do) or '이루어지다' (to be achieved). The phrase '자기 성찰' (self-reflection) is a common collocation that every intermediate learner should master. It suggests a proactive approach to mental and spiritual health. While '반성' might be forced upon a child who did something wrong, '성찰' is almost always a voluntary, mature intellectual pursuit.

Academic Nuance
In social sciences, '성찰성' (reflexivity) is a key term used to describe how subjects interact with and change the systems they are part of. This shows the word's versatility in high-level discourse.

역사에 대한 비판적 성찰이 필요합니다. (Critical reflection on history is necessary.)

Finally, the word appears frequently in the titles of books, particularly memoirs and philosophical treatises. It signals to the reader that the content will be introspective and thoughtful. If you are reading a Korean essay and see '성찰', prepare for a journey into the author's inner world and their attempts to make sense of the complex reality surrounding them.

Using 성찰 correctly requires understanding its grammatical function as a noun that often becomes a verb with the addition of -하다. Because it is a formal and heavy word, its placement in a sentence usually dictates a serious tone. It is rarely used in casual banter about dinner choices but is perfect for discussions about personal development, history, or social issues.

The Noun Form
As a noun, '성찰' often acts as the object of verbs like '하다' (to do), '기울이다' (to devote/pay attention to), or '촉구하다' (to urge). It can also be modified by adjectives to specify the type of reflection.

우리는 자신의 삶에 대해 깊은 성찰을 해야 합니다. (We must conduct deep reflection on our own lives.)

When you want to describe the process of reflecting, you use the verb form 성찰하다. This verb is transitive, meaning it usually takes an object marked by '을/를'. Common objects include '자신' (oneself), '과거' (the past), '행동' (actions), or '삶' (life). This structure highlights the active nature of the reflection.

The Verb Form
성찰하다 (To reflect). Used when the subject is actively engaging in the process of introspection. It implies a high level of cognitive effort.

작가는 소설을 통해 현대 사회를 성찰한다. (The author reflects on modern society through the novel.)

In more complex sentences, '성찰' can be part of a compound noun phrase. For example, '자기 성찰의 시간' (time for self-reflection) is a very common expression. Here, '의' functions as a possessive marker, linking 'reflection' to 'time'. This structure is useful for setting the scene in a narrative or essay.

Modifying with Adjectives
Common modifiers include '깊은' (deep), '진지한' (serious), '비판적인' (critical), and '겸허한' (humble). These add layers of meaning to the act of reflection.

그의 일기는 성찰적인 문장들로 가득 차 있다. (His diary is full of reflective sentences.)

Another important usage is in the passive or descriptive sense using '이루어지다' (to be achieved/to take place). This is common in academic writing where the focus is on the phenomenon of reflection itself rather than a specific person doing it. For example, '사회적 성찰이 이루어지는 과정' (the process through which social reflection takes place).

이 사건을 계기로 우리 사회에 대한 성찰이 시작되었다. (With this incident as a turning point, reflection on our society began.)

Understanding where 성찰 appears in daily life helps in grasping its cultural weight. You won't hear it at a noisy fish market, but you will hear it in environments where thought and ethics are prioritized. It is a staple of the 'intellectual' vocabulary in South Korea.

News and Media
News anchors and commentators use '성찰' when discussing political scandals or corporate ethics. They often ask, 'Is there no self-reflection in our political circles?' (정치권의 자성[self-reflection]과 성찰은 없는가?)

정치인들은 국민의 목소리에 귀를 기울이고 스스로를 성찰해야 합니다. (Politicians must listen to the voices of the people and reflect on themselves.)

In educational settings, teachers and professors use '성찰' to encourage students to think beyond the textbook. It is a common keyword in 'Self-Introduction Letters' (자기소개서) for college admissions or job applications. Applicants often write about a time they failed and the '성찰' they went through to become a better person. This demonstrates to the employer or admissions officer that the candidate possesses emotional intelligence and the ability to learn from experience.

Religious and Spiritual Contexts
In Buddhist temples or Christian churches, '성찰' is used to describe the act of repenting or examining one's soul before a higher power. It is a key part of spiritual practice.

매일 밤 잠들기 전, 하루를 성찰하는 시간을 가집니다. (Every night before sleep, I take time to reflect on the day.)

The word also appears in the titles of popular 'Healing' (힐링) books and podcasts. As South Korean society becomes more focused on mental health, the concept of '성찰' has shifted from a dry, academic term to a tool for personal wellness. You might hear a podcast host say, '오늘 우리 함께 성찰의 시간을 가져볼까요?' (Shall we take some time for reflection together today?).

Literature and Art
Literary critics use the term to describe the depth of a character's internal monologue. An 'introspective protagonist' is often described as '성찰적인 주인공'.

이 영화는 인간의 욕망에 대한 깊은 성찰을 담고 있다. (This movie contains a deep reflection on human desire.)

Finally, in the workplace, during year-end reviews or project post-mortems, a manager might ask the team for a '성찰' on why a project didn't meet its goals. This is a more polite and constructive way of asking for an analysis of failure compared to '지적' (pointing out mistakes).

Even for advanced learners, using 성찰 correctly can be tricky because it overlaps with other words related to thinking. The most common mistake is confusing it with '반성' (ban-seong) or '생각' (saeng-gak). Understanding the register and the specific nuance of each is key.

Mistake 1: Overusing it in casual contexts
Saying 'I need to 성찰 about what to eat for lunch' sounds bizarre. '성찰' is for big life questions or moral evaluations. For casual thinking, use '생각하다'.

❌ 점심 메뉴를 성찰해 볼게요. (I will reflect on the lunch menu.)
✅ 점심 메뉴를 생각해 볼게요. (I will think about the lunch menu.)

Another frequent error is using '성찰' when you actually mean '반성'. While they are related, '반성' is specifically about admitting a fault or feeling regret. If a child breaks a vase, the parents ask for '반성', not '성찰'. '성찰' is more about the 'why' and the 'nature of the self' rather than the specific 'wrong act'.

Mistake 2: Confusing '성찰' with '반성'
Use '반성' for specific mistakes and apologies. Use '성찰' for broader, non-judgmental introspection or philosophical inquiry.

❌ 잘못을 했으니 성찰하세요. (You did something wrong, so reflect [philosophically].)
✅ 잘못을 했으니 반성하세요. (You did something wrong, so reflect on your mistake/repent.)

Learners also sometimes struggle with the particles. Since '성찰' is a Sino-Korean noun, it is often used as '성찰을 하다'. However, in academic writing, it is sometimes used with '에 대한' (about/toward). Forgetting the '대한' and just using '에' is a common grammatical slip. It should be '자신에 대한 성찰' (reflection on oneself), not '자신에 성찰'.

Mistake 3: Misusing the Hanja roots
The '찰' in '성찰' is the same as in '관찰' (observation) or '경찰' (police). This might lead some to think it's about external monitoring. Remember that '성' (省) specifically points inward or backward.

❌ 현미경으로 세포를 성찰했다. (I reflected on the cells with a microscope.)
✅ 현미경으로 세포를 관찰했다. (I observed the cells with a microscope.)

Finally, avoid using '성찰' in the imperative (command) form unless you are a spiritual leader or a very senior mentor. Telling a peer to '성찰해!' can come across as incredibly condescending or overly dramatic, as if you are telling them to go meditate on their soul for forty days.

Korean has many words for 'thinking' and 'looking back'. Choosing the right one depends on the depth, the target, and the emotion involved. Here is how 성찰 compares to its closest neighbors.

성찰 vs. 반성 (Ban-seong)
'반성' is about specific wrongdoings and regret. '성찰' is broader, more neutral, and focused on insight rather than just guilt. If you forgot a friend's birthday, you '반성' your forgetfulness. If you think about why you value friendship, you '성찰'.
성찰 vs. 사색 (Sa-saek)
'사색' translates to 'contemplation' or 'deep thought,' but it is often more abstract and doesn't necessarily have to be about oneself. You can '사색' about the beauty of nature or a philosophical concept. '성찰' almost always involves a critical look at the self or a human phenomenon.
성찰 vs. 자성 (Ja-seong)
'자성' (self-reflection/self-examination) is very close to '성찰'. However, '자성' is often used in organizational or political contexts. A political party might issue a '자성' statement after losing an election. '성찰' feels more personal and literary.

철학자는 진리에 대해 사색하고, 성자는 자신의 영혼을 성찰한다. (The philosopher contemplates truth, and the saint reflects on their soul.)

Another alternative is 되돌아보다 (to look back). This is a native Korean expression that is less formal than '성찰'. It is widely used in daily conversation and songs. For example, '지난 시간을 되돌아보다' (to look back on past times). While '성찰' is an intellectual analysis, '되돌아보다' is a more emotional or chronological review.

성찰 vs. 회상 (Hoe-sang)
'회상' is 'recollection' or 'reminiscence'. It is about bringing back memories, often with nostalgia. It lacks the critical or analytical component of '성찰'. You '회상' your childhood home; you '성찰' the impact your childhood had on your adult personality.

In academic writing, you might also see 고찰 (go-chal). This means 'consideration' or 'investigation'. It is used when examining a topic or theory in depth. For example, '한국 교육 제도에 대한 고찰' (An investigation into the Korean education system). While '성찰' is inward-looking or moral, '고찰' is outward-looking and objective.

과거를 회상하는 것만으로는 부족하며, 그 의미를 성찰해야 한다. (Recollecting the past is not enough; one must reflect on its meaning.)

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Exemples par niveau

1

저는 매일 저녁에 저를 성찰해요.

I reflect on myself every evening.

Simple present tense with the object '저' (me).

2

성찰은 좋은 습관이에요.

Reflection is a good habit.

Using '성찰' as a subject with the particle '은'.

3

선생님이 성찰을 하라고 했어요.

The teacher told me to reflect.

Indirect speech '-라고 하다'.

4

성찰이 뭐예요?

What is reflection?

Basic question form '뭐예요?'.

5

우리는 성찰이 필요해요.

We need reflection.

Verb '필요하다' takes the subject particle '이'.

6

그는 성찰을 많이 해요.

He reflects a lot.

Adverb '많이' (a lot) modifying '해요'.

7

성찰은 어려워요.

Reflection is difficult.

Adjective '어렵다' (to be difficult).

8

오늘부터 성찰을 시작해요.

I start reflecting from today.

Particle '부터' (from).

1

일기를 쓰면서 하루를 성찰합니다.

I reflect on my day while writing a diary.

'-면서' (while) connecting two actions.

2

자기 성찰은 성장에 도움이 됩니다.

Self-reflection is helpful for growth.

'-에 도움이 되다' (to be helpful for).

3

가끔은 혼자 성찰하는 시간이 필요해요.

Sometimes, I need time to reflect alone.

Noun modifying form '-하는' + '시간'.

4

지난 실수를 성찰하고 다시 시작하세요.

Reflect on past mistakes and start again.

'-고' connecting two imperatives.

5

성찰을 통해 더 나은 사람이 되고 싶어요.

I want to become a better person through reflection.

'-을 통해' (through) and '-고 싶다' (want to).

6

이 영화는 삶을 성찰하게 만들어요.

This movie makes you reflect on life.

Causative form '-게 만들다' (to make someone do).

7

성찰하는 태도가 중요합니다.

A reflective attitude is important.

Adjective '중요하다' (to be important).

8

책을 읽고 깊은 성찰에 빠졌어요.

I read a book and fell into deep reflection.

'-에 빠지다' (to fall into/be immersed in).

1

여행은 자신을 성찰할 수 있는 좋은 기회입니다.

Travel is a good opportunity to reflect on oneself.

'-ㄹ 수 있는' (can/ability to) modifying '기회'.

2

우리는 현대 문명에 대해 성찰해 보아야 합니다.

We should try reflecting on modern civilization.

'-어 보다' (try doing) and '-어야 하다' (must/should).

3

작가는 작품 속에 사회적 성찰을 담았습니다.

The author put social reflection into the work.

Verb '담다' (to contain/put in).

4

실패를 통해 얻은 성찰이 저를 키웠습니다.

The reflection gained through failure raised me.

Past tense modifier '-ㄴ' and verb '키우다' (to raise/grow).

5

그의 연설은 청중에게 깊은 성찰을 안겨주었다.

His speech gave the audience deep reflection.

'-을 안겨주다' (to give/provide - often used for feelings).

6

성찰이 없는 삶은 의미가 없다고 생각해요.

I think a life without reflection is meaningless.

'-고 생각하다' (to think that...).

7

비판적인 성찰 없이 무조건 따르는 것은 위험해요.

Following unconditionally without critical reflection is dangerous.

'-없이' (without) and '는 것은' (gerund subject).

8

명상은 마음을 성찰하는 데 큰 도움이 돼요.

Meditation is a big help in reflecting on the mind.

'-는 데' (in the act of/for the purpose of).

1

역사적 비극에 대한 성찰이 선행되어야 합니다.

Reflection on historical tragedies must come first.

'-에 대한' (about) and passive form '선행되다' (to be preceded).

2

인간 소외 현상에 대한 철학적 성찰이 필요합니다.

Philosophical reflection on the phenomenon of human alienation is necessary.

Compound noun '인간 소외 현상' (human alienation phenomenon).

3

그는 자신의 과오를 성찰하며 눈물을 흘렸다.

He shed tears while reflecting on his mistakes.

'-하며' (while) and '눈물을 흘리다' (to shed tears).

4

이 논문은 한국 사회의 성찰성을 분석하고 있다.

This paper is analyzing the reflexivity of Korean society.

'-고 있다' (progressive tense) and '성찰성' (reflexivity).

5

진정한 성찰은 고통스러운 과정을 동반하기도 합니다.

True reflection sometimes accompanies a painful process.

'-기도 하다' (sometimes/also does).

6

우리는 기술의 발전에 따른 윤리적 성찰을 잊지 말아야 합니다.

We must not forget ethical reflection following the development of technology.

'-에 따른' (according to/following) and '-지 말아야 하다' (should not).

7

성찰하는 인간만이 진보할 수 있습니다.

Only humans who reflect can progress.

Particle '만이' (only) and '진보하다' (to progress).

8

그의 시는 삶의 허무함에 대한 성찰을 담고 있다.

His poetry contains reflection on the futility of life.

'-에 대한' (about) and '허무함' (futility/emptiness).

1

포스트모더니즘은 근대적 이성에 대한 근원적 성찰을 요구한다.

Postmodernism demands fundamental reflection on modern reason.

Formal verb '요구하다' (to demand) and '근원적' (fundamental).

2

자기 성찰적 태도는 연구자의 객관성을 유지하는 데 필수적이다.

A self-reflective attitude is essential for maintaining a researcher's objectivity.

'-는 데 필수적이다' (essential in/for).

3

이 비극은 우리 문명의 방향성에 대한 뼈아픈 성찰을 촉구합니다.

This tragedy urges painful reflection on the direction of our civilization.

Idiomatic adjective '뼈아픈' (painful/bitter) and '촉구하다' (to urge).

4

인간은 끊임없는 성찰을 통해 존재의 의미를 탐구한다.

Humans explore the meaning of existence through constant reflection.

Verb '탐구하다' (to explore/investigate).

5

성찰적 근대화 이론은 현대 사회의 위험을 경고한다.

The theory of reflexive modernization warns of the risks of modern society.

Academic term '성찰적 근대화' (reflexive modernization).

6

그의 철학은 주체와 타자 사이의 관계에 대한 성찰에서 시작된다.

His philosophy begins with a reflection on the relationship between the subject and the other.

'-에서 시작된다' (begins from).

7

정치적 성찰이 결여된 권력은 폭력으로 변질되기 쉽다.

Power lacking political reflection is prone to deteriorating into violence.

'-이 결여된' (lacking) and '-기 쉽다' (easy to/prone to).

8

예술은 시대의 아픔을 성찰하고 치유하는 역할을 한다.

Art plays the role of reflecting on and healing the pain of the era.

'-하는 역할을 하다' (to play a role of).

1

심연을 들여다보는 성찰의 끝에서 그는 비로소 평화를 찾았다.

At the end of reflection looking into the abyss, he finally found peace.

Metaphorical use of '심연' (abyss) and '비로소' (finally/at last).

2

역사학자의 임무는 과거의 사실을 넘어 그 이면의 정신을 성찰하는 것이다.

The historian's task is to reflect on the spirit behind past facts, beyond the facts themselves.

'-를 넘어' (beyond) and '이면' (the hidden side/behind).

3

그의 문체는 지극히 성찰적이며 절제된 감정을 보여준다.

His writing style is extremely reflective and shows restrained emotions.

Adverb '지극히' (extremely) and '절제된' (restrained).

4

인간 실존에 대한 치열한 성찰 없이는 진정한 예술이 탄생할 수 없다.

True art cannot be born without fierce reflection on human existence.

Adjective '치열한' (fierce/intense) and '실존' (existence).

5

사회의 구조적 모순에 대한 성찰이 대중적 연대로 이어졌다.

Reflection on the structural contradictions of society led to mass solidarity.

'-로 이어졌다' (led to/connected to).

6

기술 만능주의에 대한 성찰적 비판이 제기되고 있다.

Reflective criticism of technological omnipotence is being raised.

Passive form '제기되고 있다' (is being raised).

7

그의 삶 자체가 하나의 거대한 성찰의 여정이었다.

His life itself was one giant journey of reflection.

Noun + '자체' (itself) and '여정' (journey).

8

침묵 속에서의 성찰은 언어 너머의 진실을 마주하게 한다.

Reflection in silence allows one to face the truth beyond language.

'-너머' (beyond) and '마주하게 하다' (to make one face).

Synonymes

반성 숙고 심사숙고 자기반성

Antonymes

경솔 망각

Collocations courantes

자기 성찰
깊은 성찰
비판적 성찰
사회적 성찰
윤리적 성찰
성찰적 태도
과거를 성찰하다
삶을 성찰하다
성찰의 기회
철학적 성찰

Phrases Courantes

성찰의 시간을 갖다

— To take time for reflection. Used when someone needs to think deeply about their life.

혼자만의 성찰의 시간을 갖고 싶어요.

자기 성찰에 빠지다

— To be immersed in self-reflection. Suggests a deep, long process of thinking.

그는 며칠 동안 자기 성찰에 빠져 있었다.

성찰을 촉구하다

— To urge reflection. Often used in news or formal criticism.

시민 단체는 정부의 성찰을 촉구했다.

성찰이 부족하다

— To lack reflectio

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