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A2 auxiliary #100 le plus courant 3 min de lecture

~지 않고

ji anko Top 100

When you want to say you did something "without doing" another action, you can use ~지 않고. Think of it like saying "not doing X, but doing Y."

For example, if you want to say "I eat breakfast without drinking coffee," you would attach ~지 않고 to the verb "to drink coffee" (커피를 마시다). So it becomes "커피를 마시지 않고 아침을 먹어요."

It connects two actions, showing that the first action (the one with ~지 않고) did not happen, while the second action did.

Entraîne-toi Exemples

Many Korean learners find the auxiliary verb construction ~지 않고 a little tricky. It's often used incorrectly, leading to misunderstandings. This section covers the most common mistakes and how to avoid them.

§ Mistake 1: Using ~지 않고 for simple negation

One of the most frequent errors is using ~지 않고 when a simple negation is sufficient. Remember, ~지 않고 means 'without doing [action]' or 'not doing [action] (and then doing something else)'. It implies a connection between not performing one action and then performing another, or a state of not performing an action. If you just want to say you 'didn't do something' without any subsequent action implied, you should use ~지 않다 or 안 + verb.

Wrong: 저는 밥을 먹지 않고 잤어요. (I didn't eat and slept.)

This sentence structure implies you slept without eating. While grammatically correct, if you simply want to say you didn't eat, and then you also slept, without a direct 'without doing this' connection, it can sound a bit awkward.

Better: 저는 밥을 안 먹었어요. 그리고 잤어요. (I didn't eat. And then I slept.)

Or, if you want to emphasize sleeping without eating:

저는 밥을 먹지 않고 그냥 잤어요. (I just slept without eating.)

§ Mistake 2: Confusing ~지 않고 with ~지 못하고

These two expressions look similar but have different meanings. ~지 않고 expresses a conscious choice not to do something, or simply the state of not doing it. ~지 못하고, on the other hand, expresses an inability to do something, often due to circumstances beyond one's control.

Wrong (if you mean 'couldn't'): 늦잠을 자서 학교에 가지 않고 결석했어요. (I overslept, so I didn't go to school and was absent.)

While grammatically okay, '가지 않고' implies a choice not to go. If you overslept and therefore *couldn't* go, '가지 못하고' is more accurate.

Correct: 늦잠을 자서 학교에 가지 못하고 결석했어요. (I overslept, so I couldn't go to school and was absent.)

§ Mistake 3: Incorrect verb stem attachment

Remember that ~지 않고 attaches directly to the verb stem, without any additional particles or conjugations in between. Sometimes learners might mistakenly add ~아/어서 or other endings before ~지 않고.

Wrong: 공부하지 않아서 놀았어요. (I didn't study, so I played.)

The '아서' here is redundant and incorrect with ~지 않고. While '공부하지 않아서' itself is a correct way to say 'because I didn't study', if you're trying to use the ~지 않고 pattern for 'without studying', the '아서' should be removed.

Correct: 공부하지 않고 놀았어요. (I played without studying.)

§ Mistake 4: Overlooking the implied consequence or alternative action

The strength of ~지 않고 lies in its ability to connect two actions or states, where the first action is either not done or avoided, leading to the second. Sometimes, learners use it when there's no clear connection or subsequent action. This can make the sentence sound unnatural.

점심을 먹지 않고 일했어요. (I worked without eating lunch.)

Here, the connection is clear: not eating lunch led to or was part of the working. If you just wanted to state two separate facts (I didn't eat lunch. I worked.), then two separate sentences or different conjunctions might be better. Always consider if the 'without doing X, then Y' relationship is genuinely present.

Exemples par niveau

그는 밤새 한숨도 자지 않고 공부했다.

He studied all night without sleeping a wink.

아침 식사를 하지 않고 서둘러 집을 나섰다.

I rushed out of the house without eating breakfast.

아무 말도 하지 않고 나를 빤히 쳐다봤다.

He stared at me without saying a word.

물어보지 않고 내 물건을 가져가서 기분이 나빴다.

I felt bad because they took my things without asking.

저는 한 번도 후회하지 않고 이 길을 선택했습니다.

I chose this path without ever regretting it.

그는 약속 시간에 늦지 않고 도착했다.

He arrived on time without being late for the appointment.

문제를 해결하지 않고는 다음 단계로 넘어갈 수 없습니다.

You cannot proceed to the next step without solving the problem.

그녀는 두려워하지 않고 새로운 도전을 받아들였다.

She accepted the new challenge without being afraid.