When you're trying to say "whose" or "of which" in Portuguese, and the thing being possessed or referred to is feminine and plural, you use cujas. It's a relative pronoun, so it connects two parts of a sentence.
Think of it as agreeing with the noun it's replacing or modifying in terms of gender and number. So, if you're talking about "the women whose cars..." and "women" is feminine plural, you'll use cujas.
It always comes right before the noun it refers to in the second part of the sentence, acting like an adjective. This pronoun is essential for building more complex sentences and showing possession or relationship clearly.
When we want to indicate possession for a feminine plural noun, we use cujas. It agrees in gender and number with the noun it refers to, which is the possessed item, not the possessor. This means that if the thing being owned is feminine and plural, we use cujas, regardless of whether the owner is male or female, singular or plural. For example, if you're talking about "the houses whose windows are open," because "windows" (janelas) is feminine and plural, you would use cujas.
When we want to indicate possession or relationship in Portuguese for feminine plural nouns, we use cujas. Think of it as the equivalent of "whose" or "of which" in English, but specifically for multiple feminine items. It's a relative pronoun, meaning it connects two parts of a sentence, and it always agrees in gender and number with the noun it refers to in the second part of the sentence, not the first.
For example, if you're talking about "the houses whose windows are big," you'd use cujas because "windows" (janelas) is feminine plural. It's a really useful word to make your sentences more precise and to show relationships between different elements in your speech or writing.
cujas en 30 secondes
- Use 'cujas' for feminine plural nouns.
- It means 'whose' or 'of which'.
- It's a relative possessive pronoun.
§ Understanding 'Cujas'
The Portuguese word 'cujas' is a relative pronoun that means 'whose' or 'of which' when referring to feminine plural nouns. It's a bit like 'whose' in English, but it needs to agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. Don't worry, it's not as complicated as it sounds once you get the hang of it!
- Definition
- Whose; of which (feminine plural).
§ How to Use 'Cujas'
'Cujas' connects a noun to a subsequent clause that provides more information about that noun. It always refers back to a feminine plural noun. It's used to show possession or relationship.
As casas cujas janelas são azuis estão à venda. (The houses whose windows are blue are for sale.)
In this example, 'cujas' refers to 'casas' (houses), which is feminine plural. The windows belong to the houses.
As mulheres cujas filhas estudam comigo são minhas vizinhas. (The women whose daughters study with me are my neighbors.)
Here, 'cujas' refers to 'mulheres' (women), also feminine plural, and shows that the daughters belong to these women.
§ Similar Words and When to Use 'Cujas' vs. Alternatives
Portuguese has several relative pronouns, and it's easy to get them mixed up. Let's look at 'cujas' in context with its counterparts:
- 'Cujo' (masculine singular), 'cuja' (feminine singular), 'cujos' (masculine plural), 'cujas' (feminine plural): These are all forms of the same relative pronoun. They all mean 'whose' or 'of which', but you need to pick the correct form based on the gender and number of the noun they refer to.
O homem cujo carro está estacionado ali é meu pai. (The man whose car is parked there is my father.)
A mulher cuja bolsa esqueci é minha irmã. (The woman whose bag I forgot is my sister.)
Os alunos cujos livros estão sobre a mesa são meus. (The students whose books are on the table are mine.)
- 'Que' (that, which): This is a very common relative pronoun, but it doesn't express possession. It simply introduces a clause that describes the noun.
As casas que são azuis estão à venda. (The houses that are blue are for sale.)
Notice how 'que' just tells us *which* houses, not *whose* windows belong to them. If you want to show possession, 'cujas' (or 'cujo', 'cuja', 'cujos') is the correct choice.
- 'Onde' (where): This relative pronoun is used for places.
A cidade onde nasci é linda. (The city where I was born is beautiful.)
You wouldn't use 'cujas' here because there's no sense of possession or relationship like 'whose'.
While 'cujas' might seem a bit formal or less common in everyday spoken Portuguese compared to 'que', it's crucial for understanding and producing grammatically correct and nuanced sentences, especially in writing. Practice these examples, and you'll master 'cujas' in no time!
Le savais-tu ?
The Latin root 'cuius' was gender-neutral, but in Portuguese, it evolved into gendered forms (cujo, cuja, cujos, cujas) to agree with the noun they refer to.
Niveau de difficulté
Requires understanding of relative pronouns and gender/number agreement.
Correct usage requires careful attention to gender and number agreement with the noun it refers to.
Pronunciation is straightforward, but correct usage in conversation can be tricky due to agreement.
Can be understood in context, but recognizing its specific function requires familiarity with relative pronouns.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
Cujas is a possessive relative pronoun. It agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies, which is the noun that is possessed, not the possessor. It refers back to a previously mentioned noun.
As meninas, cujas mochilas são coloridas, estão no parque. (The girls, whose backpacks are colorful, are in the park. Here, 'cujas' agrees with 'mochilas' which are feminine plural.)
It typically introduces a relative clause that provides more information about a noun in the main clause.
Eu li o livro, cujas páginas estavam rasgadas. (I read the book, whose pages were torn. 'cujas páginas' tells us more about 'o livro'.)
Unlike 'whose' in English, 'cujas' cannot be used in a question. For questions, you'd use 'De quem?' (Whose?)
De quem são as mochilas? (Whose backpacks are these? - Correct for a question) vs. Cujas mochilas são? (Incorrect for a question)
Cujas replaces 'de + article + noun' (of the noun). For example, instead of 'as meninas, das mochilas das meninas', you use 'as meninas, cujas mochilas'.
A escola, cujas janelas são grandes, é nova. (The school, whose windows are big, is new. - This replaces 'as janelas da escola'.)
The word 'cujas' always comes immediately before the noun it refers to, and it is never followed by an article.
As mulheres, cujas vozes são fortes, cantaram. (The women, whose voices are strong, sang. 'cujas' is directly before 'vozes', and there's no article like 'as' after it.)
Exemples par niveau
As chaves, cujas cópias eu tenho, estão no balcão.
The keys, whose copies I have, are on the counter.
Eu vi as casas cujas janelas estavam abertas.
I saw the houses whose windows were open.
As meninas, cujas mochilas são novas, estão prontas para a escola.
The girls, whose backpacks are new, are ready for school.
São estas as flores cujas cores são tão vivas?
Are these the flowers whose colors are so vibrant?
As cadeiras, cujas pernas estão quebradas, precisam ser consertadas.
The chairs, whose legs are broken, need to be fixed.
Eu gosto das músicas cujas letras são bonitas.
I like the songs whose lyrics are beautiful.
As bibliotecas, cujas portas estão fechadas, abrem amanhã.
The libraries, whose doors are closed, open tomorrow.
Estas são as revistas cujas capas são tão interessantes.
These are the magazines whose covers are so interesting.
A professora, cujas alunas ganharam o prêmio, estava muito orgulhosa.
The teacher, whose students won the prize, was very proud.
Feminine plural 'alunas' matches 'cujas'.
As árvores, cujas folhas caem no outono, são lindas.
The trees, whose leaves fall in autumn, are beautiful.
Feminine plural 'folhas' matches 'cujas'.
As casas, cujas janelas estavam abertas, eram muito arejadas.
The houses, whose windows were open, were very airy.
Feminine plural 'janelas' matches 'cujas'.
As lojas, cujas vitrines estão decoradas, atraem muitos clientes.
The shops, whose display windows are decorated, attract many customers.
Feminine plural 'vitrines' matches 'cujas'.
As amigas, cujas mães são vizinhas, cresceram juntas.
The friends, whose mothers are neighbors, grew up together.
Feminine plural 'mães' matches 'cujas'.
As montanhas, cujas encostas são verdes, oferecem vistas deslumbrantes.
The mountains, whose slopes are green, offer stunning views.
Feminine plural 'encostas' matches 'cujas'.
As empresas, cujas políticas são justas, retêm bons funcionários.
The companies, whose policies are fair, retain good employees.
Feminine plural 'políticas' matches 'cujas'.
As cidades, cujas ruas são históricas, têm muito charme.
The cities, whose streets are historical, have a lot of charm.
Feminine plural 'ruas' matches 'cujas'.
Aquelas são as crianças cujas bicicletas foram roubadas ontem.
Those are the children whose bicycles were stolen yesterday.
Here, 'cujas' refers to 'bicicletas' (feminine plural) owned by 'crianças'.
As empresas, cujas políticas ambientais são rigorosas, atraem mais investidores.
The companies, whose environmental policies are strict, attract more investors.
'Cujas' refers to 'políticas ambientais' (feminine plural) belonging to 'empresas'.
As ideias, cujas origens remontam à antiguidade, ainda influenciam o pensamento moderno.
The ideas, whose origins date back to antiquity, still influence modern thought.
'Cujas' connects 'origens' (feminine plural) to 'ideias'.
As mulheres, cujas vozes foram silenciadas por muito tempo, estão agora lutando por seus direitos.
The women, whose voices were silenced for a long time, are now fighting for their rights.
'Cujas' refers to 'vozes' (feminine plural) of 'mulheres'.
As teorias, cujas bases científicas são sólidas, resistem ao teste do tempo.
The theories, whose scientific bases are solid, withstand the test of time.
'Cujas' links 'bases científicas' (feminine plural) to 'teorias'.
As cidades, cujas economias dependem do turismo, foram as mais afetadas pela pandemia.
The cities, whose economies depend on tourism, were the most affected by the pandemic.
'Cujas' refers to 'economias' (feminine plural) of 'cidades'.
As decisões, cujas consequências ainda não são claras, foram tomadas após um longo debate.
The decisions, whose consequences are not yet clear, were made after a long debate.
'Cujas' connects 'consequências' (feminine plural) to 'decisões'.
As obras, cujas autorias são desconhecidas, foram encontradas em um antigo sarcófago.
The works, whose authorships are unknown, were found in an ancient sarcophagus.
'Cujas' refers to 'autorias' (feminine plural) of 'obras'.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
As alunas, cujas notas são altas, receberão um prêmio.
The students, whose grades are high, will receive an award.
Conheço famílias cujas casas foram destruídas.
I know families whose houses were destroyed.
Essas são as empresas cujas ações subiram.
These are the companies whose shares went up.
As ruas, cujas árvores são antigas, são muito bonitas.
The streets, whose trees are old, are very beautiful.
Vi as mulheres cujas vozes ouvi antes.
I saw the women whose voices I heard before.
As cidades, cujas economias dependem do turismo, estão sofrendo.
The cities, whose economies depend on tourism, are suffering.
As escolas cujas portas estão abertas são novas.
The schools whose doors are open are new.
São leis cujas intenções são boas.
They are laws whose intentions are good.
As decisões, cujas consequências são sérias, precisam ser bem pensadas.
The decisions, whose consequences are serious, need to be well thought out.
Tenho várias amigas cujas mães são professoras.
I have several friends whose mothers are teachers.
Expressions idiomatiques
"Deus as suas almas tenha."
God rest their souls.
As minhas avós, cujas almas Deus as tenha, eram mulheres de força.
neutral"Dar à luz"
To give birth
A mulher, cujas dores eram insuportáveis, deu à luz um menino saudável.
neutral"Ter as costas quentes"
To have powerful protection/be well-connected
As empresas, cujas ligações políticas eram notórias, sempre recebiam os melhores contratos.
informal"Pôr as cartas na mesa"
To lay one's cards on the table / be open and honest
As negociações, cujas etapas foram complexas, exigiram que as partes pusessem as cartas na mesa.
neutral"Fazer das tripas coração"
To make a supreme effort / go to great lengths
As mães, cujas filhas estavam em perigo, fizeram das tripas coração para as salvar.
informal"Cair nas graças de alguém"
To win someone's favor
As novas funcionárias, cujas ideias eram inovadoras, caíram nas graças da diretora.
neutral"Ter a faca e o queijo na mão"
To have the upper hand / be in a strong position
As equipas, cujas estratégias foram bem definidas, tinham a faca e o queijo na mão para vencer o campeonato.
informal"Estar com as facas afiadas"
To be ready for a fight/argument
As duas facções, cujas divergências eram profundas, estavam com as facas afiadas.
informal"Pagar as favas"
To pay the price / suffer the consequences
As decisões, cujas consequências foram desastrosas, fizeram com que muitas pessoas pagassem as favas.
informal"Estar com a pulga atrás da orelha"
To be suspicious / have a nagging doubt
As testemunhas, cujas versões eram contraditórias, deixaram os detetives com a pulga atrás da orelha.
informalComment l'utiliser
Cujas is a possessive relative pronoun used to indicate possession or relationship. It agrees in gender and number with the noun it refers to, not the possessor. Since it's feminine plural, it will refer to a feminine plural noun. For example, if you're talking about 'the women whose cars are red,' you'd use 'cujos' for 'cars' (masculine plural). But if it's 'the women whose houses are big,' you'd use 'cujas' for 'houses' (feminine plural). It’s similar to ‘whose’ or ‘of which’ in English.
A common mistake is to try and make cujas agree with the possessor rather than the possessed noun. Remember, it always agrees with the thing being possessed. Another mistake is confusing it with other forms like 'cujo' (masculine singular), 'cuja' (feminine singular), or 'cujos' (masculine plural).
Astuces
Gender and Number Match
Remember that 'cujas' is used for feminine plural nouns. If the noun is masculine plural, you'd use 'cujos'. For singular feminine, it's 'cuja', and for singular masculine, it's 'cujo'.
Possession, not question
Unlike in English where 'whose' can be a question word, 'cujas' in Portuguese is a relative pronoun indicating possession. It connects two parts of a sentence.
No separate article
You do not need an article (like 'as' or 'umas') before 'cujas'. The word 'cujas' already includes the idea of 'the' or 'of the'.
Formal usage
While correct, 'cujas' (and other forms of 'cujo') can sound a bit formal or literary in everyday spoken Brazilian Portuguese. Often, people rephrase sentences to avoid it, especially in very informal contexts.
Alternative phrasing
In casual conversation, you might hear alternatives like 'as quais (delas)' or even just rephrasing the sentence. For example, instead of 'As casas cujas janelas são azuis', you might hear 'As casas que as janelas delas são azuis'.
Connects clauses
'Cujas' acts as a connector, linking a noun to a clause that describes something belonging to that noun. Think of it as 'of which' or 'whose'.
Sentence structure
The noun that 'cujas' refers to usually comes before it. For example, 'As meninas, cujas roupas...'
Examples help
Practice with examples! 'As flores cujas pétalas caíram' (The flowers whose petals fell). 'As alunas cujas notas são boas' (The students whose grades are good).
Pronunciation practice
Say it out loud! The 'j' in 'cujas' is pronounced like the 's' in 'measure' or the 'g' in 'mirage' in English. The 'a' is an open 'a' sound.
Common mistake
A common mistake is trying to translate 'whose' directly with 'de quem'. 'De quem' is for questioning 'of whom', not for relative possession like 'cujas'.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Think of 'cujas' as 'cozy-ahs.' Imagine several 'cozy' blankets, all 'whose' patterns are different. 'Cozy-ahs' for 'cujas.'
Association visuelle
Picture a group of women (feminine plural) holding up various items, and you're asking 'Whose?' about each item they possess. For 'cujas,' specifically imagine a group of 'cows' (sound similar to 'cu' in cujas) that are all sharing different 'jazz' (sound similar to 'jas' in cujas) instruments. 'Whose' jazz instrument is that?
Word Web
Défi
Complete the sentence: As mesas ______ pernas estão quebradas precisam ser consertadas. (The tables whose legs are broken need to be fixed.)
Origine du mot
Latin 'cuius'
Sens originel : of whom, whose
Indo-European, Italic, RomanceContexte culturel
The word "cujas" is quite formal and is primarily found in written Portuguese or very formal speech. While essential for understanding more complex sentences, native speakers often rephrase sentences to avoid using it in casual conversation. This makes learning its proper use a marker of more advanced Portuguese comprehension.
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsThe main difference is gender. Cujas is for feminine plural nouns, while cujos is for masculine plural nouns. For example, you'd say 'as casas cujas janelas...' (the houses whose windows...) and 'os carros cujos pneus...' (the cars whose tires...).
You use cujas to show possession or relationship between a noun and another noun, and it agrees with the noun being possessed. Think of it like 'of which' or 'whose'. For example: 'As alunas, cujas notas são altas, estão felizes.' (The students, whose grades are high, are happy.)
No, cujas doesn't change its form based on whether it's a question or a statement. It always acts as a relative possessive pronoun, agreeing in gender and number with the noun it refers to. For example: 'Aquelas são as árvores cujas folhas caíram.' (Those are the trees whose leaves fell.)
Yes, absolutely! Cujas can refer to people as well as things, as long as the noun it's referring to is feminine and plural. For example: 'As mulheres, cujas vozes foram ouvidas, exigiram mudanças.' (The women, whose voices were heard, demanded changes.)
While it's grammatically correct, cujas (and 'cujo' in general) is a bit more formal and less frequent in very casual spoken Portuguese. In everyday talk, you might hear alternatives like 'que as suas' or 'das quais as suas', but 'cujas' is important for understanding more formal texts and for proper grammatical construction.
Yes, cujas can be preceded by prepositions, just like other relative pronouns. The preposition depends on the verb or noun it relates to. For example: 'As bibliotecas, para cujas prateleiras compramos livros...' (The libraries, for whose shelves we bought books...)
Yes, generally cujas will come after the noun it refers to, acting as a relative pronoun to introduce more information about that noun. For example: 'As flores, cujas pétalas são vermelhas, são lindas.' (The flowers, whose petals are red, are beautiful.)
A common mistake is forgetting that cujas (and 'cujo') must agree in gender and number with the *possessed noun*, not the possessor. For instance, 'As crianças, cujas mães estão aqui...' (The children, whose mothers are here...) – 'mães' is feminine plural, so it's 'cujas'.
You use cujas for possession ('whose', 'of which'), linking a noun to another noun. You use 'onde' for place ('where'). They serve different grammatical functions. For example: 'As cidades, cujas ruas são limpas...' (The cities, whose streets are clean...) versus 'As cidades onde moro...' (The cities where I live...).
Certainly! Here's another one: 'As empresas, cujas políticas são justas, atraem bons funcionários.' (The companies, whose policies are fair, attract good employees.)
Teste-toi 60 questions
This sentence means: These are the women whose houses are big. 'Cujas' connects 'mulheres' (women) to 'casas' (houses), showing possession.
This sentence means: I know the students whose backpacks are new. 'Cujas' refers to the feminine plural 'alunas' (students) and connects them to 'mochilas' (backpacks).
This sentence means: The flowers whose colors are beautiful are in the garden. 'Cujas' links 'flores' (flowers) to 'cores' (colors) in the feminine plural.
Eu tenho duas primas, ___ casas são grandes.
The noun 'casas' (houses) is feminine and plural, so the correct form of the pronoun is 'cujas'. (I have two cousins, whose houses are big.)
As professoras, ___ alunas são inteligentes, estão muito orgulhosas.
The noun 'alunas' (students) is feminine and plural, so the correct form of the pronoun is 'cujas'. (The teachers, whose students are intelligent, are very proud.)
Aquelas são as árvores ___ folhas caem no outono.
The noun 'folhas' (leaves) is feminine and plural, so the correct form of the pronoun is 'cujas'. (Those are the trees whose leaves fall in autumn.)
As senhoras, ___ bolsas foram roubadas, estão na delegacia.
The noun 'bolsas' (purses/bags) is feminine and plural, so the correct form of the pronoun is 'cujas'. (The ladies, whose purses were stolen, are at the police station.)
Eu gosto de flores ___ pétalas são vermelhas.
The noun 'pétalas' (petals) is feminine and plural, so the correct form of the pronoun is 'cujas'. (I like flowers whose petals are red.)
Estas são as revistas ___ capas são bonitas.
The noun 'capas' (covers) is feminine and plural, so the correct form of the pronoun is 'cujas'. (These are the magazines whose covers are beautiful.)
You are describing a group of female friends. Complete the sentence using 'cujas': 'Tenho várias amigas, ___ ideias me inspiram muito.' (I have several friends, _____ ideas inspire me a lot.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Tenho várias amigas, cujas ideias me inspiram muito.
Imagine you are talking about houses with beautiful gardens. Complete the sentence using 'cujas': 'Visitamos algumas casas, ___ janelas dão para o mar.' (We visited some houses, _____ windows face the sea.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Visitamos algumas casas, cujas janelas dão para o mar.
You are talking about a collection of books belonging to a famous writer. Complete the sentence using 'cujas': 'A biblioteca tem muitas obras raras, ___ autoras são mundialmente conhecidas.' (The library has many rare works, _____ authors are world-renowned.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
A biblioteca tem muitas obras raras, cujas autoras são mundialmente conhecidas.
O que as ruas das cidades pequenas têm de especial?
Read this passage:
As cidades pequenas, cujas ruas são estreitas e cheias de história, oferecem um charme único. É fácil se perder em suas vielas, mas sempre há algo interessante para descobrir. Muitas dessas cidades têm igrejas antigas, cujas fachadas contam histórias de séculos passados.
O que as ruas das cidades pequenas têm de especial?
O texto diz 'cujas ruas são estreitas e cheias de história'.
O texto diz 'cujas ruas são estreitas e cheias de história'.
O que o autor mais aprecia nos filmes?
Read this passage:
Gosto de filmes cujas histórias são complexas e cheias de reviravoltas. As atrizes, cujas atuações são sempre impecáveis, tornam os filmes ainda melhores. É um prazer assistir a produções cujas mensagens me fazem refletir.
O que o autor mais aprecia nos filmes?
O texto menciona 'histórias são complexas e cheias de reviravoltas' e 'cujas mensagens me fazem refletir'.
O texto menciona 'histórias são complexas e cheias de reviravoltas' e 'cujas mensagens me fazem refletir'.
O que as flores precisam para crescer?
Read this passage:
As flores do jardim, cujas cores vibrantes alegram o ambiente, precisam de muita água e sol. Há várias espécies, cujas pétalas são delicadas e cheirosas. Cuidar do jardim é uma paixão, cujas recompensas são visíveis a cada dia.
O que as flores precisam para crescer?
O texto afirma 'cujas cores vibrantes alegram o ambiente, precisam de muita água e sol'.
O texto afirma 'cujas cores vibrantes alegram o ambiente, precisam de muita água e sol'.
A empresa ___ filiais estão em várias cidades busca novos talentos.
The noun 'filiais' (branches) is feminine plural, so 'cujas' (whose) is the correct pronoun.
Ela é a escritora ___ obras admiramos muito.
The noun 'obras' (works) is feminine plural, requiring 'cujas' (whose).
As casas ___ janelas estão abertas são muito bonitas.
The noun 'janelas' (windows) is feminine plural, so 'cujas' (whose) is the correct choice.
Na frase 'As flores cujas cores são vibrantes alegram o jardim', 'cujas' se refere a 'cores'.
'Cujas' (whose) refers to 'cores' (colors), which is a feminine plural noun.
A frase 'Ele tem irmãs cujos maridos são médicos' está incorreta porque 'cujos' deveria ser 'cujas'.
The noun 'maridos' (husbands) is masculine plural, so 'cujos' (whose) is correctly used.
É correto dizer 'As regiões cujas economias são fortes prosperam'.
'Cujas' (whose) agrees in gender and number with 'economias' (economies), which is feminine plural.
As árvores, ___ folhas caem no outono, são lindas.
The word 'folhas' (leaves) is feminine plural, so we use 'cujas' (whose/of which).
As cidades, ___ ruas são cheias de história, atraem muitos turistas.
The word 'ruas' (streets) is feminine plural, so 'cujas' is the correct choice.
Eu conheço as mulheres ___ filhas estudam com você.
'Filhas' (daughters) is feminine plural, so 'cujas' is required.
Aquelas são as empresas ___ políticas de sustentabilidade admiro.
'Políticas' (policies) is feminine plural, hence 'cujas'.
Gostei das canções ___ letras são poéticas.
'Letras' (lyrics) is feminine plural, making 'cujas' the correct fit.
As bibliotecas, ___ coleções são vastas, são um tesouro para a comunidade.
The noun 'coleções' (collections) is feminine plural, so 'cujas' is correct.
A empresa apresentou novas estratégias, ___ metas ambiciosas foram elogiadas pela diretoria.
The noun 'metas' is feminine and plural, so 'cujas' is the correct form.
As pesquisas, ___ descobertas revolucionaram a medicina, foram financiadas pelo governo.
The noun 'descobertas' is feminine and plural, so 'cujas' is the correct form.
As civilizações antigas, ___ ruínas ainda fascinam os arqueólogos, guardam muitos segredos.
The noun 'ruínas' is feminine and plural, so 'cujas' is the correct form.
As teorias, ___ complexidade dificultava a compreensão, foram simplificadas para o público geral.
The noun 'complexidade' is feminine and singular, so 'cuja' is the correct form. This tests attention to number agreement.
Os fenômenos naturais, ___ causas ainda não são totalmente compreendidas, continuam a nos surpreender.
The noun 'causas' is feminine and plural, so 'cujas' is the correct form. This tests attention to gender and number agreement.
As obras de arte, ___ beleza transcendia o tempo, eram admiradas por todos que as viam.
The noun 'beleza' is feminine and singular, so 'cuja' is the correct form. This tests attention to number agreement.
The forests, whose trees are centuries old, were devastated by the fire.
These are the works whose authors won international awards.
The difficulties, whose solutions we are still looking for, persist.
Read this aloud:
As casas, cujas janelas estavam abertas, foram invadidas pelo vento.
Focus: cujas
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Ela admira as artistas cujas pinturas estão expostas na galeria.
Focus: cujas
Tu as dit :
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As cidades, cujas economias dependem do turismo, estão sofrendo com a pandemia.
Focus: cujas
Tu as dit :
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You are writing a formal report about two companies that recently merged. Describe the challenges faced by both companies prior to the merger, specifically focusing on their financial struggles and the declining market share. Use 'cujas' to refer to the companies in your description.
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Sample answer
As empresas, cujas dificuldades financeiras eram evidentes, enfrentavam uma acentuada diminuição da quota de mercado. A fusão foi uma tentativa de reverter a situação, consolidando recursos e estratégias para um futuro mais estável.
You are a literary critic analyzing two novels written by the same author. Discuss the common themes present in both works, particularly emphasizing the female protagonists whose journeys are central to the narratives. Incorporate 'cujas' when referring to the protagonists and their journeys.
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Sample answer
As duas obras, cujas protagonistas femininas empreendem jornadas complexas de autodescoberta, exploram temas recorrentes de resiliência e transformação. As narrativas, cujas reviravoltas são igualmente impactantes, revelam a mestria da autora.
You are a historian describing two ancient civilizations. Focus on their architectural marvels and their unique legal systems. Use 'cujas' to link the civilizations to their creations.
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Sample answer
As civilizações antigas, cujas maravilhas arquitetónicas ainda hoje nos impressionam, desenvolveram sistemas legais complexos. As leis, cujas inovações foram notáveis para a época, demonstram a sofisticação dessas sociedades.
What is being highlighted about the organizations in the passage?
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As organizações, cujas políticas de sustentabilidade são exemplarmente implementadas, demonstram um compromisso genuíno com o futuro. Essas iniciativas, cujas metas ambientais são ambiciosas, refletem uma consciência crescente da responsabilidade corporativa.
What is being highlighted about the organizations in the passage?
The passage explicitly states 'cujas políticas de sustentabilidade são exemplarmente implementadas', meaning 'whose sustainability policies are exemplarily implemented'.
The passage explicitly states 'cujas políticas de sustentabilidade são exemplarmente implementadas', meaning 'whose sustainability policies are exemplarily implemented'.
What is the primary impact of the research mentioned?
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As pesquisas, cujas conclusões foram publicadas em revistas científicas de renome, trouxeram novas perspetivas sobre a doença. As descobertas, cujas implicações são vastas, abrem caminho para tratamentos mais eficazes.
What is the primary impact of the research mentioned?
The passage states 'trouxeram novas perspetivas sobre a doença' (brought new perspectives on the disease) and 'abrem caminho para tratamentos mais eficazes' (open the way for more effective treatments), directly indicating their impact.
The passage states 'trouxeram novas perspetivas sobre a doença' (brought new perspectives on the disease) and 'abrem caminho para tratamentos mais eficazes' (open the way for more effective treatments), directly indicating their impact.
What is notable about the artworks on display?
Read this passage:
As obras de arte, cujas cores vibrantes e técnicas inovadoras capturam a atenção, estão em exibição na galeria principal. As pinturas, cujas mensagens sociais são profundas, provocam reflexão nos visitantes.
What is notable about the artworks on display?
The passage describes the artworks as having 'cores vibrantes e técnicas inovadoras' (vibrant colors and innovative techniques) and 'mensagens sociais são profundas' (social messages are profound).
The passage describes the artworks as having 'cores vibrantes e técnicas inovadoras' (vibrant colors and innovative techniques) and 'mensagens sociais são profundas' (social messages are profound).
'Cujas' is a relative pronoun agreeing in gender and number with 'políticas' (feminine plural), referring back to 'empresas'. The sentence structure follows the pattern: Noun + cujas + Noun + Verb.
Here, 'cujas' relates 'origens' (feminine plural) to 'ideias' (feminine plural). It introduces a subordinate clause that provides more information about 'as ideias'.
'Cujas' connects 'soluções' (feminine plural) to 'questões' (feminine plural), indicating possession or relationship. The agreement is essential for correct grammar.
You are a journalist reporting on a local festival. Describe three different aspects of the festival, using 'cujas' at least once in reference to something feminine plural. For example, 'As barraquinhas, cujas luzes brilhavam...' (The stalls, whose lights shone...). Focus on vivid descriptions.
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Sample answer
O festival da cidade, com suas cores vibrantes, atraiu multidões. As dançarinas, cujas saias rodopiavam ao som da música, hipnotizaram a plateia com seus movimentos graciosos. As comidas típicas, cujas receitas são passadas de geração em geração, ofereceram uma explosão de sabores. As crianças, cujas risadas ecoavam pelo parque, brincavam livremente.
Write a short personal reflection about a set of experiences or memories that have significantly shaped your perspective. Use 'cujas' to refer to these experiences or memories (feminine plural). For example, 'As lembranças da infância, cujas lições ainda me guiam...' (The childhood memories, whose lessons still guide me...).
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Sample answer
Minhas viagens, cujas paisagens exóticas me mostraram a diversidade do mundo, foram fundamentais para a minha formação. As conversas com meus avós, cujas sabedorias moldaram grande parte do meu caráter, permanecem vivas em minha mente. As amizades, cujas conexões profundas me apoiaram nos momentos difíceis, são tesouros inestimáveis.
Imagine you are an architect presenting a new building design. Describe the various features of the building, ensuring to use 'cujas' at least once to refer to feminine plural elements. For example, 'As fachadas, cujas janelas são de vidro temperado...' (The facades, whose windows are made of tempered glass...).
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Sample answer
Este novo projeto arquitetônico, focado na sustentabilidade, apresenta soluções inovadoras. As varandas, cujas plantas ornamentais contribuem para a purificação do ar, oferecem espaços de relaxamento. As áreas comuns, cujas funcionalidades foram pensadas para o bem-estar dos moradores, incluem academia e sala de jogos. As paredes, cujas cores neutras promovem a serenidade, complementam a iluminação natural.
De acordo com o texto, qual é a principal diferença entre gramáticas descritivas e normativas?
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As teorias linguísticas, cujas origens remontam à antiguidade, continuam a evoluir com novas descobertas. As gramáticas descritivas, cujas abordagens são baseadas na observação do uso real da língua, diferem das gramáticas normativas, cujas regras são frequentemente impostas por uma autoridade. A linguística moderna, cujas vertentes são múltiplas e complexas, busca compreender a fundo os mecanismos da comunicação humana.
De acordo com o texto, qual é a principal diferença entre gramáticas descritivas e normativas?
O texto afirma: 'As gramáticas descritivas, cujas abordagens são baseadas na observação do uso real da língua, diferem das gramáticas normativas, cujas regras são frequentemente impostas por uma autoridade.'
O texto afirma: 'As gramáticas descritivas, cujas abordagens são baseadas na observação do uso real da língua, diferem das gramáticas normativas, cujas regras são frequentemente impostas por uma autoridade.'
O que o texto sugere ser crucial para as decisões políticas e reformas sociais?
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As decisões políticas, cujas consequências afetam a vida de milhões de pessoas, exigem uma análise cuidadosa e uma visão de longo prazo. As reformas sociais, cujas metas são a redução da desigualdade e a promoção da justiça, enfrentam frequentemente resistências e desafios complexos. A participação cidadã, cujas vozes são essenciais para uma democracia saudável, pode influenciar significativamente os rumos de uma nação.
O que o texto sugere ser crucial para as decisões políticas e reformas sociais?
O texto menciona que decisões políticas 'exigem uma análise cuidadosa e uma visão de longo prazo' e que a 'participação cidadã, cujas vozes são essenciais para uma democracia saudável, pode influenciar significativamente'.
O texto menciona que decisões políticas 'exigem uma análise cuidadosa e uma visão de longo prazo' e que a 'participação cidadã, cujas vozes são essenciais para uma democracia saudável, pode influenciar significativamente'.
De acordo com o texto, o que é um tema recorrente e conectivo na história da arte?
Read this passage:
As obras de arte, cujas interpretações podem variar amplamente entre diferentes espectadores e épocas, são um reflexo da cultura e da sociedade. As técnicas de pintura, cujas origens se perdem no tempo, continuam a ser exploradas e reinventadas por artistas contemporâneos. As emoções, cujas representações são diversas e profundas, são um tema recorrente na história da arte, conectando artistas e público através dos séculos.
De acordo com o texto, o que é um tema recorrente e conectivo na história da arte?
O texto afirma: 'As emoções, cujas representações são diversas e profundas, são um tema recorrente na história da arte, conectando artistas e público através dos séculos.'
O texto afirma: 'As emoções, cujas representações são diversas e profundas, são um tema recorrente na história da arte, conectando artistas e público através dos séculos.'
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Summary
'Cujas' is a feminine plural possessive pronoun that means 'whose' or 'of which', always agreeing with the noun it refers to.
- Use 'cujas' for feminine plural nouns.
- It means 'whose' or 'of which'.
- It's a relative possessive pronoun.
Gender and Number Match
Remember that 'cujas' is used for feminine plural nouns. If the noun is masculine plural, you'd use 'cujos'. For singular feminine, it's 'cuja', and for singular masculine, it's 'cujo'.
Possession, not question
Unlike in English where 'whose' can be a question word, 'cujas' in Portuguese is a relative pronoun indicating possession. It connects two parts of a sentence.
No separate article
You do not need an article (like 'as' or 'umas') before 'cujas'. The word 'cujas' already includes the idea of 'the' or 'of the'.
Formal usage
While correct, 'cujas' (and other forms of 'cujo') can sound a bit formal or literary in everyday spoken Brazilian Portuguese. Often, people rephrase sentences to avoid it, especially in very informal contexts.
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Plus de mots sur academic
a despeito de
A2Despite; in spite of.
a fim
A2In order to; for the purpose of. (Followed by 'de')
a saber
A2Namely; that is to say.
a título de exemplo
A2By way of example; for example.
abordagem
A2A way of dealing with something; an approach.
abordar
B1To deal with (a matter or problem); to approach a topic.
abreviar
B1To shorten (a word, phrase, or text).
abreviatura
B1A shortened form of a word or phrase.
abstração
B1The quality of dealing with ideas rather than events.
abstracto
B1Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
