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B2 verb #5,000 le plus courant 15 min de lecture

excluir

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excluir en 30 secondes

  • Excluir means to leave out or remove something or someone from a group or consideration.
  • It's used in formal and informal contexts to indicate omission.
  • Commonly used with the preposition 'de' (from).
  • Pay attention to verb conjugations and prepositions.

Understanding "Excluir"

The Portuguese verb excluir is a fundamental word that translates directly to "to exclude" or "to leave out" in English. It signifies the act of intentionally omitting something or someone from a group, a list, a discussion, or a particular consideration. This exclusion can be based on various reasons, whether it's a deliberate choice, a consequence of circumstances, or a formal decision.

In everyday conversations, excluir is used to describe situations where someone or something is not included. For instance, if a party invitation doesn't reach a particular friend, that friend has been excluído. In a more formal context, such as a business meeting, a topic might be excluído from the agenda if it's deemed irrelevant or too sensitive for the current discussion. The verb carries a sense of separation, of being set apart from the rest.

The concept of exclusion can also extend to abstract ideas or data. In scientific research, certain data points might be excluídos from an analysis if they are considered outliers or do not meet specific criteria. Similarly, in legal proceedings, certain evidence might be excluído from being presented to the jury. The verb's versatility allows it to be applied in a wide range of scenarios, from personal relationships to professional and academic settings.

Understanding the nuances of excluir is crucial for comprehending social dynamics and decision-making processes. It highlights the importance of inclusivity and the potential consequences of exclusion. Whether it's a conscious decision to keep someone out or an oversight, the act of excluir has an impact. The word itself is derived from Latin, reinforcing its long-standing presence in Romance languages and its significance in conveying concepts of separation and omission.

It is important not to excluir anyone from the discussion.

When to Use
Use excluir when you want to express the act of leaving something or someone out, whether intentionally or unintentionally. This can apply to people, items, ideas, or data from a group, list, or consideration.
Examples of Exclusion
- Excluding a specific ingredient from a recipe because of an allergy.
- Excluding a particular candidate from a job interview round due to insufficient qualifications.
- Excluding a controversial topic from a school debate to maintain a neutral environment.
- Excluding oneself from a social gathering due to feeling unwell.
Connotation
The word can have a neutral, negative, or even positive connotation depending on the context. Sometimes, exclusion is necessary for practical reasons or to maintain focus, while other times it can be perceived as unfair or discriminatory.

The manager decided to excluir the less profitable projects from the new budget.

Please excluir my name from the mailing list.

Inclusivity
In social and political contexts, the concept of excluir is often contrasted with inclusivity. Efforts are frequently made to ensure that no one is unfairly excluído based on their background, beliefs, or identity. Understanding this verb helps in discussing and analyzing issues of social justice and equality.

They tried to excluir all forms of discrimination from the new policy.

Formal vs. Informal
While excluir is a standard verb used in both formal and informal settings, the specific context will dictate its appropriateness. In formal writing or speeches, it might be used to describe official decisions, while in casual conversation, it could refer to simple oversights or personal choices.

Constructing Sentences with "Excluir"

The verb excluir conjugates like a regular -ir verb in Portuguese, following the standard patterns. Its usage in sentences typically involves a subject performing the action of excluding, and an object that is being excluded. Understanding these basic sentence structures will allow you to effectively incorporate excluir into your Portuguese vocabulary.

The most common structure is Subject + excluir + Object. For example, 'Eu excluo' (I exclude), 'Ele excluiu' (He excluded), 'Nós excluiremos' (We will exclude). The object can be a person, a thing, an idea, or a group. Consider the sentence: 'O professor decidiu excluir o aluno da competição' (The teacher decided to exclude the student from the competition). Here, 'o professor' is the subject, 'excluir' is the verb, and 'o aluno' is the object.

Another frequent pattern involves using excluir with prepositions, particularly 'de' (from), to specify the context of the exclusion. For instance, 'Ele foi excluído de todos os planos' (He was excluded from all plans). The past participle 'excluído' is often used in passive voice constructions, as seen in this example. The verb can also be used reflexively with 'se', as in 'O item se exclui' (The item excludes itself), though this is less common.

When forming questions, the word order might change, or interrogative words can be used. For example, 'Por que você o excluiu?' (Why did you exclude him?). The context of the conversation will often dictate the most natural way to phrase a question involving excluir.

Present Tense
Eu excluo
Tu excluis
Ele/Ela/Você exclui
Nós excluímos
Vós excluis
Eles/Elas/Vocês excluem
Past Tense (Pretérito Perfeito)
Eu excluí
Tu excluíste
Ele/Ela/Você excluiu
Nós excluímos
Vós excluístes
Eles/Elas/Vocês excluíram
Future Tense
Eu excluirei
Tu excluirás
Ele/Ela/Você excluirá
Nós excluiremos
Vós excluireis
Eles/Elas/Vocês excluirão

We need to excluir this option from the proposal.

The company decided to excluir all non-essential expenses.

Using the Past Participle
The past participle excluído (masculine singular) is used to form compound tenses (like the present perfect) and the passive voice. For example: 'O relatório foi excluído da análise' (The report was excluded from the analysis). Note that the participle agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies when used with verbs like 'ser' or 'estar'.

They have excluído this possibility from their calculations.

Imperative Mood
The imperative forms are used for commands: 'Exclua!' (Exclude! - formal you), 'Exclui!' (Exclude! - informal you). For example: 'Por favor, exclua meu nome da lista' (Please, exclude my name from the list).

Real-World Usage of "Excluir"

The verb excluir is a workhorse in the Portuguese language, appearing in a wide array of contexts, from casual conversations to formal reports. You'll frequently encounter it in discussions about social groups, administrative decisions, technical specifications, and even in everyday planning.

In social settings, people might say: 'Ele foi excluído do grupo de amigos porque mudou de cidade' (He was excluded from the group of friends because he moved to another city). This illustrates a natural separation. In a more formal context, like a meeting: 'Precisamos excluir este item da pauta para focar no essencial' (We need to exclude this item from the agenda to focus on the essential). This highlights a strategic omission.

In the realm of technology and data, you'll often hear: 'O software permite excluir arquivos duplicados automaticamente' (The software allows for the automatic exclusion of duplicate files). Or in research: 'Os dados anômalos foram excluídos da análise estatística' (The anomalous data were excluded from the statistical analysis). This shows its use in precise, technical contexts.

When discussing policies or rules, a common phrase might be: 'Esta regra não se aplica a casos específicos, que serão excluídos' (This rule does not apply to specific cases, which will be excluded). This demonstrates its role in defining boundaries and exceptions.

Business and Administration
In meetings, budget discussions, or project planning, excluir is used to remove items, expenses, or tasks from consideration. Examples: 'Vamos excluir os custos de marketing temporários do orçamento deste trimestre.' (We will exclude the temporary marketing costs from this quarter's budget.) 'A proposta exclui a possibilidade de atrasos.' (The proposal excludes the possibility of delays.)
Education
In academic settings, it might refer to excluding certain topics from a curriculum, students from an activity, or data from an experiment. Examples: 'O professor decidiu excluir capítulos complexos do material de estudo.' (The professor decided to exclude complex chapters from the study material.) 'Crianças com necessidades especiais não devem ser excluídas das atividades regulares.' (Children with special needs should not be excluded from regular activities.)
Technology and Computing
In software, programming, and data management, excluir is common for filtering, removing, or ignoring certain data or elements. Examples: 'O filtro de spam exclui automaticamente mensagens suspeitas.' (The spam filter automatically excludes suspicious messages.) 'Você pode excluir certas pastas da sincronização.' (You can exclude certain folders from synchronization.)
Social Interactions
In everyday life, it can refer to not inviting someone, leaving someone out of a conversation, or deciding not to participate in something. Examples: 'Ele se sentiu excluído da conversa.' (He felt excluded from the conversation.) 'Eles optaram por excluir esse assunto da discussão para evitar conflitos.' (They opted to exclude this topic from the discussion to avoid conflicts.)
Legal and Official Contexts
In legal documents or official statements, excluir is used to define what is not covered or what is specifically omitted. Examples: 'A garantia exclui danos causados por mau uso.' (The warranty excludes damage caused by misuse.) 'O regulamento exclui a participação de menores de idade.' (The regulation excludes the participation of minors.)

The news report mentioned that several countries were excluídos from the trade agreement.

It's important to ensure that no one feels excluído during team-building activities.

Avoiding Pitfalls with "Excluir"

While excluir is a straightforward verb, English speakers learning Portuguese can sometimes fall into a few common traps. These often stem from direct translation or confusion with similar-sounding or conceptually related words in English.

One frequent mistake is the overuse of the literal translation 'exclude' without considering the Portuguese nuance. While 'exclude' is a valid translation, the context might sometimes call for a more natural Portuguese phrasing. For example, instead of always saying 'Eu excluo isso', depending on the context, 'Eu tiro isso' (I remove this) or 'Eu deixo isso de fora' (I leave this out) might sound more idiomatic.

Another common error is related to verb conjugation, particularly in the past tense and the subjunctive mood. Forgetting the accent on 'excluiu' or misconjugating it can lead to misunderstandings. For instance, saying 'Eu exclui' (I excluded) when the intended meaning is 'Eu excluo' (I exclude) or vice-versa, depending on the tense. The correct pronunciation and spelling are crucial.

Confusion can also arise with the preposition used after excluir. While 'de' (from) is the most common and generally correct preposition when indicating what is being excluded from, learners might incorrectly use other prepositions or omit it altogether. For instance, 'excluir de uma lista' (to exclude from a list) is correct, whereas 'excluir a lista' would imply excluding the list itself, not items from it.

Furthermore, learners might confuse excluir with verbs that have a similar meaning but a different scope. For example, 'eliminar' (to eliminate) often implies a more definitive removal, while 'excluir' can be temporary or a matter of consideration. Using 'eliminar' when a simple exclusion is intended might sound too strong.

Incorrect: "Eu excluo ele da festa."
Explanation: While understandable, the preposition 'de' is typically used when excluding someone or something from a group or event. The direct object pronoun 'ele' can also be tricky; in this context, it's more natural to use the prepositional phrase.
Correct: "Eu excluo ele da festa." or more commonly, "Eu excluo ele da festa." (I exclude him from the party.)
Incorrect: "O relatório foi excluído."
Explanation: This sentence is grammatically correct but might lack context. It's often more informative to specify what the report was excluded from. Also, learners might forget that the past participle 'excluído' needs to agree in gender and number with the subject when used with 'ser' or 'estar'.
Correct: "O relatório foi excluído da análise." (The report was excluded from the analysis.) or "O relatório foi excluído do pacote." (The report was excluded from the package.)
Incorrect: "Não exclua a possibilidade de chover."
Explanation: While 'excluir' can mean to leave out, in the context of possibilities or potential outcomes, it might sound more natural to use verbs like 'descartar' (to discard) or 'ignorar' (to ignore), or to phrase it differently. However, 'excluir a possibilidade' is not strictly incorrect, but other options might be more common.
More Natural/Common: "Não descarte a possibilidade de chover." (Don't discard the possibility of rain.) or "Não leve em conta a possibilidade de chover." (Don't take into account the possibility of rain.)

A common mistake is to forget the accent on the third person singular past tense: 'ele excluiu'.

Synonyms and Alternatives for "Excluir"

While excluir is a primary verb for denoting omission, Portuguese offers a rich vocabulary with words that can serve as synonyms or alternatives, each carrying slightly different nuances in meaning, formality, or context. Understanding these distinctions will enhance your ability to express yourself precisely.

One close synonym is rejeitar (to reject). While excluir focuses on the act of leaving something out, rejeitar implies a more active and often negative response, a refusal to accept or include. For example, you might excluir a proposal from consideration, but you would rejeitar an offer that you do not want. 'A proposta foi excluída da lista de projetos.' (The proposal was excluded from the list of projects.) vs. 'A oferta foi rejeitada imediatamente.' (The offer was immediately rejected.)

Another related term is omitir (to omit). This verb is very similar to excluir and often interchangeable, but it can sometimes suggest an accidental or oversight-driven omission, whereas excluir can be more deliberate. 'Ele omituiu o fato importante da sua declaração.' (He omitted the important fact from his statement.) Here, excluir could also be used, but omitir emphasizes the missing piece.

For a more definitive removal, especially in a process or system, eliminar (to eliminate) is a strong alternative. Eliminar suggests getting rid of something completely, often permanently. If you excluir a student from a competition, they might be allowed to participate next time. If they are eliminados, it implies a more final removal. 'Os erros foram excluídos do texto.' (The errors were excluded from the text.) vs. 'Os erros foram eliminados do sistema.' (The errors were eliminated from the system.)

In informal contexts, phrases like 'deixar de fora' (to leave out) or 'tirar' (to take out/remove) can be used. 'Eu vou deixar de fora essa parte.' (I'm going to leave out this part.) This is a more casual way of saying 'Eu vou excluir essa parte.'

Excluir vs. Rejeitar
Excluir: To leave out, to omit from a group or consideration. Often a neutral or procedural act.
Rejeitar: To reject, to refuse to accept. Implies a more active and often negative decision.
Example: 'O comitê excluiu a sugestão da pauta, mas rejeitou a ideia completamente.' (The committee excluded the suggestion from the agenda, but rejected the idea completely.)
Excluir vs. Omitir
Excluir: To intentionally leave out.
Omitir: To fail to include or mention; can be deliberate or accidental.
Example: 'Ele excluiu o nome do amigo da lista de convidados.' (He excluded his friend's name from the guest list - deliberate) vs. 'Ele omitiu o nome do amigo da lista de convidados por engano.' (He omitted his friend's name from the guest list by mistake - accidental).
Excluir vs. Eliminar
Excluir: To remove from a group or consideration, often temporarily or for a specific purpose.
Eliminar: To remove completely, to get rid of, often permanently.
Example: 'Os alunos com notas baixas foram excluídos da competição.' (Students with low grades were excluded from the competition - they might participate next year.) vs. 'Os alunos com notas baixas foram eliminados do curso.' (Students with low grades were eliminated from the course - they are out of the course permanently.)
Informal Alternatives
Deixar de fora: To leave out. More casual.
Tirar: To take out, to remove. Can be used in many contexts, including informal ones.
Example: 'Não se esqueça de excluir este item.' (Don't forget to exclude this item.) vs. 'Não se esqueça de deixar de fora este item.' (Don't forget to leave out this item.)

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The Latin root 'claudere' (to close) is also the root of many English words related to closing, such as 'clause', 'claustrophobia', and 'enclose'. The 'ex-' prefix clearly indicates the action of moving something outside or preventing it from being inside.

Guide de prononciation

UK /ɛks.kluˈiɾ/
US /ɛks.kluˈiɾ/
The stress is on the penultimate syllable: ex-clu-IR.
Rime avec
abrir subir fugir partir sentir dormir agir gerir
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing the 'x' as 'z' instead of 'ks'.
  • Placing the stress on the wrong syllable.
  • Not clearly articulating the final '-ir' sound.
  • Confusing it with similar-sounding English words.
  • Incorrectly pronouncing the 'u' sound.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Recognizing 'excluir' in reading is generally straightforward as it's a common verb. However, understanding the context of exclusion and its implications requires good comprehension skills. Advanced texts might use it in complex sentence structures or with nuanced meanings.

Écriture 3/5

Using 'excluir' correctly in writing requires attention to verb conjugation, appropriate prepositions (especially 'de'), and the correct register. Avoiding confusion with synonyms is also important for precise writing.

Expression orale 3/5

Pronouncing 'excluir' correctly, especially the stress and the 'ks' sound, is key. Using it spontaneously in conversation requires practice with conjugations and common phrases.

Écoute 3/5

Understanding 'excluir' when spoken depends on clear pronunciation and context. Its frequent use in everyday situations makes it relatively easy to pick out once familiar.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

verb conjugation preposition list group

Apprends ensuite

omitir rejeitar eliminar inclusão exclusão

Avancé

ostracizar desqualificar desligar banir

Grammaire à connaître

Preposition 'de' after 'excluir'

Ele foi excluído da equipe. (The team = a equipe. 'de' + 'a' = 'da')

Passive voice with 'ser' + past participle

Os convidados foram excluídos do evento. (The guests were excluded from the event.)

Subjunctive mood after expressions of necessity or desire

É importante que não se exclua ninguém. (It is important that no one be excluded.)

Gerund phrases indicating cause

Os resultados foram excluídos por apresentarem erros. (The results were excluded for presenting errors.)

Agreement of past participle in passive voice

As cartas foram excluídas. (The letters were excluded - feminine plural)

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Exemples par niveau

1

Eu não quero excluir ninguém.

I do not want to exclude anyone.

Simple present tense of 'excluir'.

2

Ele excluiu meu nome.

He excluded my name.

Past tense (pretérito perfeito) of 'excluir'.

3

Por favor, exclua isso.

Please, exclude this.

Imperative form of 'excluir'.

4

Não exclua a comida.

Don't exclude the food.

Negative imperative of 'excluir'.

5

Eles excluem os animais.

They exclude animals.

Present tense, plural subject.

6

Eu excluo o barulho.

I exclude the noise.

Present tense, first person singular.

7

Ela exclui o açúcar.

She excludes sugar.

Present tense, third person singular.

8

Nós não excluímos ninguém.

We did not exclude anyone.

Past tense, negative, plural subject.

1

O professor decidiu excluir o aluno da competição.

The teacher decided to exclude the student from the competition.

Infinitive used after 'decidiu'.

2

É importante não excluir ninguém das atividades.

It is important not to exclude anyone from the activities.

'Não' used before the infinitive for negation.

3

Eles excluíram meu nome da lista de convidados.

They excluded my name from the guest list.

Past tense (pretérito perfeito) with preposition 'de'.

4

Precisamos excluir essa opção do plano.

We need to exclude this option from the plan.

Infinitive used after 'precisamos'.

5

A empresa pode excluir funcionários que não cumprem as regras.

The company can exclude employees who do not follow the rules.

Modal verb 'pode' followed by infinitive.

6

Não exclua a possibilidade de sucesso.

Do not exclude the possibility of success.

Negative imperative with infinitive.

7

O sistema exclui automaticamente os dados incorretos.

The system automatically excludes incorrect data.

Present tense, adverb 'automaticamente'.

8

Você foi excluído do grupo por causa do atraso.

You were excluded from the group because of the delay.

Passive voice with 'ser' + past participle.

1

O conselho decidiu excluir os participantes que chegaram atrasados.

The board decided to exclude the participants who arrived late.

Infinitive after 'decidiu'; relative clause 'que chegaram atrasados'.

2

É fundamental não excluir nenhuma perspectiva durante o debate.

It is fundamental not to exclude any perspective during the debate.

Use of 'fundamental' and 'nenhuma perspectiva'.

3

Eles foram excluídos da reunião por não terem apresentado o relatório.

They were excluded from the meeting for not having presented the report.

Passive voice; gerund phrase 'por não terem apresentado'.

4

O software permite excluir arquivos temporários para liberar espaço.

The software allows for excluding temporary files to free up space.

Infinitive 'excluir' after 'permite'; purpose clause 'para liberar'.

5

A política visa excluir qualquer forma de discriminação.

The policy aims to exclude any form of discrimination.

Infinitive after 'visa'; indefinite pronoun 'qualquer'.

6

Por favor, exclua meu endereço de e-mail da lista de marketing.

Please, exclude my email address from the marketing list.

Imperative with prepositional phrase 'da lista'.

7

O pesquisador optou por excluir os dados anômalos da análise.

The researcher opted to exclude the anomalous data from the analysis.

Infinitive after 'optou por'; specific vocabulary 'dados anômalos'.

8

Se você excluir essa parte, o texto perderá o sentido.

If you exclude this part, the text will lose its meaning.

Conditional sentence: 'Se' + present indicative, future indicative.

1

A administração decidiu excluir a proposta do orçamento devido à falta de fundos.

The administration decided to exclude the proposal from the budget due to a lack of funds.

Infinitive after 'decidiu'; prepositional phrase indicating reason 'devido à'.

2

É crucial não excluir nenhuma voz durante a discussão para garantir a diversidade de opiniões.

It is crucial not to exclude any voice during the discussion to ensure diversity of opinions.

Use of 'crucial', 'nenhuma voz', and purpose clause 'para garantir'.

3

Os resultados foram excluídos da análise estatística por apresentarem desvios significativos.

The results were excluded from the statistical analysis for presenting significant deviations.

Passive voice; gerund phrase 'por apresentarem' indicating cause.

4

O sistema de filtragem é projetado para excluir spam e conteúdo malicioso.

The filtering system is designed to exclude spam and malicious content.

Infinitive after 'projetado para'; compound noun 'conteúdo malicioso'.

5

A legislação busca excluir práticas comerciais desleais do mercado.

The legislation seeks to exclude unfair business practices from the market.

Infinitive after 'busca'; adjective phrase 'práticas comerciais desleais'.

6

Caso você queira excluir um item do seu pedido, por favor, informe o garçom imediatamente.

If you wish to exclude an item from your order, please inform the waiter immediately.

Conditional clause 'Caso você queira'; imperative 'informe'.

7

O comitê deliberou excluir a obra do artista por violar as regras do concurso.

The committee deliberated to exclude the artist's work for violating the contest rules.

Infinitive after 'deliberou'; gerund phrase 'por violar' indicating cause.

8

Sem a devida análise, seria um erro excluir essa possibilidade de solução.

Without proper analysis, it would be an error to exclude this possibility of a solution.

Conditional sentence structure; use of 'sem' and 'possibilidade de'.

1

A comissão de ética recomendou excluir o membro envolvido no escândalo.

The ethics committee recommended excluding the member involved in the scandal.

Gerund 'excluindo' after 'recomendou' (common in formal Portuguese); relative clause 'envolvido no escândalo'.

2

É imperativo que não se exclua qualquer possibilidade de negociação até o último momento.

It is imperative that any possibility of negotiation not be excluded until the last moment.

Subjunctive mood after 'imperativo que'; impersonal 'se exclua'.

3

Os dados foram excluídos da amostra por não atenderem aos critérios pré-estabelecidos.

The data were excluded from the sample for not meeting the pre-established criteria.

Passive voice; gerund phrase 'por não atenderem' indicating cause; complex adjective 'pré-estabelecidos'.

4

O algoritmo foi desenvolvido para excluir conteúdo tendencioso e promover a objetividade.

The algorithm was developed to exclude biased content and promote objectivity.

Infinitive after 'desenvolvido para'; abstract nouns 'conteúdo tendencioso' and 'objetividade'.

5

A política fiscal atual tende a excluir os contribuintes de baixa renda de certos benefícios.

The current fiscal policy tends to exclude low-income taxpayers from certain benefits.

Infinitive after 'tende a'; complex noun phrase 'contribuintes de baixa renda'.

6

Em caso de dúvida, o juiz pode optar por excluir a prova considerada irrelevante.

In case of doubt, the judge may opt to exclude the evidence considered irrelevant.

Conditional phrase 'Em caso de dúvida'; infinitive after 'optar por'; past participle as adjective 'considerada irrelevante'.

7

A crítica literária analisou como o autor conseguiu excluir elementos supérfluos, focando na essência da narrativa.

The literary criticism analyzed how the author managed to exclude superfluous elements, focusing on the essence of the narrative.

Infinitive after 'conseguiu'; gerund phrase 'focando na essência'; abstract nouns 'elementos supérfluos' and 'essência'.

8

A exclusão de tais fatores poderia levar a uma interpretação distorcida dos eventos históricos.

The exclusion of such factors could lead to a distorted interpretation of historical events.

Noun form 'exclusão'; modal verb 'poderia'; abstract nouns 'interpretação distorcida' and 'eventos históricos'.

1

O tribunal decidiu excluir a confissão obtida sob coação, por considerá-la inadmissível.

The court decided to exclude the confession obtained under duress, considering it inadmissible.

Infinitive after 'decidiu'; past participle phrase 'obtida sob coação'; gerund phrase 'por considerá-la inadmissível' indicating reason.

2

É imperativo que a sociedade não exclua os marginalizados, mas sim promova sua plena reintegração.

It is imperative that society does not exclude the marginalized, but rather promotes their full reintegration.

Subjunctive mood after 'imperativo que'; contrast with 'mas sim'; abstract nouns 'marginalizados' and 'reintegração'.

3

Os resultados experimentais foram excluídos da análise primária devido a inconsistências metodológicas irreparáveis.

The experimental results were excluded from the primary analysis due to irreparable methodological inconsistencies.

Passive voice; prepositional phrase indicating reason 'devido a'; complex adjective phrase 'inconsistências metodológicas irreparáveis'.

4

O sistema de recomendação foi aprimorado para excluir vieses implícitos e oferecer sugestões mais personalizadas.

The recommendation system was improved to exclude implicit biases and offer more personalized suggestions.

Infinitive after 'aprimorado para'; abstract nouns 'vieses implícitos' and 'sugestões personalizadas'.

5

A política monetária visa excluir pressões inflacionárias desnecessárias sobre a economia.

The monetary policy aims to exclude unnecessary inflationary pressures on the economy.

Infinitive after 'visa'; abstract noun phrase 'pressões inflacionárias desnecessárias'.

6

A decisão judicial determinou que a prova testemunhal fosse excluída por não cumprir os requisitos legais.

The judicial decision determined that the testimonial evidence be excluded for not meeting the legal requirements.

Subjunctive mood after 'determinou que'; infinitive 'fosse excluída' (passive subjunctive); gerund phrase 'por não cumprir'.

7

A análise crítica argumenta que o autor deliberadamente excluiu certas narrativas para favorecer uma interpretação específica.

The critical analysis argues that the author deliberately excluded certain narratives to favor a specific interpretation.

Infinitive after 'argumenta que'; adverb 'deliberadamente'; infinitive phrase 'para favorecer'.

8

A perpetuação de tais preconceitos pode ser resultado da exclusão sistemática de vozes dissidentes.

The perpetuation of such prejudices can be a result of the systematic exclusion of dissenting voices.

Noun form 'exclusão'; abstract nouns 'preconceitos' and 'vozes dissidentes'; adjective 'sistemática'.

Collocations courantes

excluir de
excluir completamente
excluir temporariamente
excluir por
excluir a possibilidade
excluir da análise
excluir da discussão
excluir da votação
excluir da lista
excluir sem motivo

Phrases Courantes

Excluir da lista

— To remove someone or something from a list.

Por favor, exclua meu nome da lista de e-mails.

Excluir da discussão

— To prevent a topic or person from being part of a conversation or debate.

Eles decidiram excluir esse assunto da reunião para manter o foco.

Excluir da análise

— To remove data or elements from a study or examination.

Os dados anômalos foram excluídos da análise estatística.

Excluir por motivo de...

— To exclude for a specific reason.

Ele foi excluído por motivo de atraso.

Não excluir a possibilidade

— To keep open the option or chance of something happening.

Não podemos excluir a possibilidade de que ele esteja certo.

Ser excluído de

— To be left out of or removed from something.

Ela se sentiu excluída do grupo de amigos.

Excluir a todos

— To exclude everyone.

A política era tão restritiva que parecia excluir a todos.

Excluir por completo

— To exclude entirely or totally.

Precisamos excluir por completo esses riscos do projeto.

Excluir a si mesmo

— To exclude oneself from something.

Ele optou por excluir a si mesmo da competição.

Excluir o que não serve

— To remove what is not useful or necessary.

O objetivo é excluir o que não serve para otimizar o processo.

Souvent confondu avec

excluir vs incluir

'Incluir' is the direct opposite of 'excluir'. It means to include or add. Make sure you're not using 'excluir' when you mean to 'incluir' something.

excluir vs exclusão

'Exclusão' is the noun form, meaning 'exclusion'. While related, 'excluir' is the verb form, the action of excluding.

excluir vs exclusivo

'Exclusivo' is an adjective meaning 'exclusive'. It describes something that is not available to everyone, which is a result of exclusion, but it is not the verb itself.

Expressions idiomatiques

"Excluir o joio do trigo"

— To separate the bad from the good; to distinguish between undesirable and desirable elements.

Em qualquer processo seletivo, é preciso excluir o joio do trigo.

Formal/Figurative
"Excluir da conta"

— To not take into account; to ignore or disregard.

Não podemos excluir da conta os imprevistos financeiros.

Neutral/Figurative
"Excluir um ponto de pauta"

— To remove an item from the agenda of a meeting.

Decidiram excluir um ponto de pauta para ganhar tempo.

Formal/Meeting Context
"Excluir da memória"

— To forget or try to forget something unpleasant.

Ele tentava excluir da memória aquele dia terrível.

Figurative
"Excluir da vista"

— To avoid seeing or being seen; to deliberately not look at someone or something.

Ela o excluiu da vista quando o viu chegando.

Informal/Figurative
"Excluir do círculo"

— To ostracize someone; to make them feel unwelcome or isolated.

O comportamento dele levou a ser excluído do círculo social.

Social/Figurative
"Excluir da equação"

— To remove a factor or variable from consideration in a problem or situation.

Precisamos excluir da equação os fatores emocionais para uma decisão lógica.

Figurative/Analytical
"Excluir da jogada"

— To remove someone from a competition, game, or situation where they could have influence or win.

Um erro grave pode excluir o jogador da jogada final.

Informal/Sports/Game Context
"Excluir da contagem"

— To not include something when counting or calculating.

Não se esqueça de excluir da contagem os itens danificados.

Neutral/Practical
"Excluir da lista negra"

— To remove from a list of prohibited or undesirable people/things.

Finalmente conseguiram excluir o nome da lista negra.

Figurative/Context-dependent

Facile à confondre

excluir vs omitir

Both 'omitir' and 'excluir' mean to leave something out.

'Omitir' often implies an oversight or forgetting to include something, whereas 'excluir' suggests a more deliberate act of removal or decision not to include. 'Omitir' can be accidental, while 'excluir' is generally intentional.

Ele <strong>omituiu</strong> detalhes importantes por esquecimento. (He omitted important details due to forgetfulness.) vs. A empresa <strong>excluiu</strong> o funcionário por má conduta. (The company excluded the employee for misconduct.)

excluir vs rejeitar

Both can involve not accepting something.

'Rejeitar' means to refuse or reject something outright, often with a negative connotation. 'Excluir' is more about not letting something be part of a group or list, which can be for practical reasons rather than outright refusal. You reject an offer, but you exclude a proposal from a set of options.

O juiz <strong>rejeitou</strong> o recurso. (The judge rejected the appeal.) vs. O juiz <strong>excluiu</strong> a evidência irrelevante da análise. (The judge excluded irrelevant evidence from the analysis.)

excluir vs eliminar

Both verbs suggest removal.

'Eliminar' implies a complete and often permanent removal or destruction, like getting rid of something entirely. 'Excluir' can be a temporary removal or simply not including something in a particular context. You eliminate a virus, but you exclude a participant from a competition.

O objetivo é <strong>eliminar</strong> a concorrência. (The goal is to eliminate the competition.) vs. O candidato foi <strong>excluído</strong> da lista de finalistas. (The candidate was excluded from the list of finalists.)

excluir vs descartar

Both can mean to set something aside.

'Descartar' means to discard or throw away, often as useless. 'Excluir' is about not including something in a specific group or consideration. You discard trash, but you exclude an option from a plan.

<strong>Descarte</strong> esses papéis velhos. (Discard those old papers.) vs. Vamos <strong>excluir</strong> essa opção do plano principal. (Let's exclude this option from the main plan.)

excluir vs ignorar

Both can lead to something not being considered.

'Ignorar' means to disregard or not pay attention to something. While this can result in exclusion, 'excluir' is the direct act of not including. You might ignore a warning, leading to its exclusion from your actions.

Ele decidiu <strong>ignorar</strong> as críticas. (He decided to ignore the criticisms.) vs. A equipe decidiu <strong>excluir</strong> as críticas irrelevantes da análise. (The team decided to exclude irrelevant criticisms from the analysis.)

Structures de phrases

A1

Subject + excluir + Object.

Eu <strong>excluo</strong> o bolo.

A1

Imperative + Object.

<strong>Exclua</strong> o sal!

A2

Subject + excluir + de + Object.

Eles <strong>excluíram</strong> meu nome <strong>da</strong> lista.

A2

Ser + excluído + de + Object.

Ele foi <strong>excluído</strong> <strong>do</strong> time.

B1

Subject + decidir + infinitive.

O professor decidiu <strong>excluir</strong> o aluno.

B1

Não + excluir + Object.

Não <strong>exclua</strong> essa opção.

B2

Subject + verbo + para + excluir + Object.

O sistema foi projetado para <strong>excluir</strong> spam.

B2

Gerund phrase indicating cause.

Os resultados foram excluídos por apresentarem desvios.

Famille de mots

Noms

exclusão
exclusividade
excluído

Verbes

excluir

Adjectifs

exclusivo
excluído

Apparenté

exclusão (noun - exclusion)
exclusivo (adjective - exclusive)
excluído (past participle/adjective - excluded)
exclusivamente (adverb - exclusively)
exclusividade (noun - exclusivity)
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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High

Erreurs courantes
  • Incorrect conjugation of the past tense. → Ele <strong>excluiu</strong>.

    A common error is to forget the accent on the 'u' in the third-person singular past tense ('excluiu'). Saying 'ele exclui' (present tense) or 'ele exclui' (without accent) is incorrect for the past action.

  • Omitting the preposition 'de'. → Eles foram <strong>excluídos</strong> <strong>do</strong> projeto.

    When specifying what someone or something is excluded from, the preposition 'de' is typically required. Forgetting it can make the sentence sound unnatural or grammatically incorrect. 'Eles foram excluídos o projeto' is wrong.

  • Confusing 'excluir' with 'incluir'. → Vamos <strong>incluir</strong> todos na lista. (We will include everyone on the list.)

    'Incluir' means to include, which is the opposite of 'excluir'. It's crucial to understand the distinction to avoid conveying the wrong meaning.

  • Using 'excluir' where 'eliminar' or 'rejeitar' would be more precise. → A empresa <strong>eliminou</strong> os produtos defeituosos. (The company eliminated defective products.)

    While 'excluir' can mean to remove, 'eliminar' suggests a more complete or permanent removal. If the intent is to get rid of something entirely, 'eliminar' might be a better choice than 'excluir'. Similarly, 'rejeitar' implies refusal.

  • Incorrect agreement of the past participle in passive voice. → As regras foram <strong>excluídas</strong>.

    When using the passive voice with 'ser', the past participle ('excluído') must agree in gender and number with the subject. 'As regras' (feminine plural) requires 'excluíd<strong>as</strong>'.

Astuces

Mastering Prepositions

The preposition 'de' is very commonly used with 'excluir' to indicate what something is being excluded from. Pay attention to the contraction of 'de' with articles (da, do, dos, das) to form phrases like 'excluir da lista' or 'excluir do grupo'.

Stress and Sound

Remember that the stress in 'excluir' falls on the last syllable: ex-clu-IR. The 'x' makes a 'ks' sound, not a 'z' or 'sh' sound. Practice saying it aloud to get the pronunciation right.

Synonym Awareness

While 'excluir' is versatile, knowing synonyms like 'omitir', 'rejeitar', and 'eliminar' allows for more precise expression. Understand the subtle differences in meaning and usage to choose the best word for your intended message.

Visual Aids

Create a mental image of something being pushed out of a circle or having a red 'X' over it. Associating the sound 'ex-' with 'exit' can also be a helpful mnemonic for remembering that 'excluir' means to go out or be put out.

Sentence Building

Actively try to construct sentences using 'excluir' in various tenses and with different objects and prepositions. The more you practice, the more natural it will become.

Inclusivity Matters

Be mindful of the social implications of exclusion. While 'excluir' is a neutral verb, its application can have significant social and emotional impacts. Consider the value of inclusivity in your communication.

Passive Voice Usage

The passive voice construction (ser + excluído/a/os/as) is very common with 'excluir', especially when the agent performing the exclusion is unknown or less important. For example, 'O item foi excluído.' (The item was excluded).

Common Phrases

Familiarize yourself with common phrases like 'excluir da lista', 'excluir da discussão', and 'excluir da análise'. These are frequently encountered and will help you understand and use the verb more effectively.

Contextual Learning

Instead of just memorizing the definition, learn 'excluir' by seeing it used in real sentences and contexts. This will help you grasp its nuances and appropriate usage.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine someone being 'excluded' from a party because they 'klu' (clew/clue) lost their invitation. The 'ex-' sound can remind you of 'exit'. So, 'exit' because you 'klu' lost the clue (invitation).

Association visuelle

Picture a large circle representing a group or a list. Draw a red 'X' or a barrier line around one person or item, clearly showing it being pushed out of the circle. The 'X' can stand for 'ex'.

Word Web

Excluir Omitir Rejeitar Eliminar Descartar Ignorar Deixar de fora Tirar

Défi

Try to use 'excluir' in five different sentences describing situations where something or someone is left out. For example, 'The restaurant decided to exclude vegan options from the menu.' or 'He was excluded from the team due to injury.' Focus on using the correct conjugation and preposition.

Origine du mot

The verb 'excluir' originates from the Latin word 'excludere', which is a compound of 'ex-' (out, from) and 'claudere' (to close). Thus, its literal meaning is 'to close out' or 'to shut out'.

Sens originel : To shut out, to close off, to prevent from entering.

Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Portuguese

Contexte culturel

The act of excluding someone can be perceived as negative, leading to feelings of rejection or marginalization. Therefore, when using 'excluir', it's important to consider the context and the potential impact on the listener or reader. In formal settings, the reasons for exclusion are often clearly stated to avoid misinterpretation.

In English, 'exclude' carries a similar meaning of keeping out or leaving out. The Latin root is shared, highlighting the linguistic connection. However, nuances in usage, particularly with specific prepositions or idiomatic expressions, can differ.

Discussions about social exclusion in sociology and economics often use this term. In literature, characters might be deliberately excluded from groups or events, driving plot points. Political discourse frequently involves debates about excluding certain groups from rights or benefits.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Meetings and discussions

  • Excluir da pauta
  • Excluir da discussão
  • Não excluir ninguém

Administrative decisions

  • Excluir da lista
  • Excluir do orçamento
  • Excluir por motivo de...

Technical and academic settings

  • Excluir da análise
  • Excluir dados
  • Excluir a possibilidade

Social interactions

  • Excluir do grupo
  • Ser excluído
  • Não excluir os amigos

Legal and policy contexts

  • Excluir da aplicação
  • Excluir da responsabilidade
  • Excluir qualquer forma de...

Amorces de conversation

"What situations require excluding someone or something?"

"Can you think of a time you were excluded from something? How did it feel?"

"When is it okay to exclude certain options from a plan?"

"How do you ensure no one is excluded from a group activity?"

"What are the consequences of excluding people from important decisions?"

Sujets d'écriture

Describe a scenario where you had to exclude something or someone. Explain your reasoning.

Reflect on a time you felt excluded. What could have been done differently?

Write about a policy or rule that you believe unfairly excludes a certain group. Suggest improvements.

Imagine you are designing a new community. What principles would you establish to prevent unnecessary exclusion?

Discuss the difference between necessary exclusion (e.g., for safety) and harmful exclusion (e.g., discrimination).

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

The main meaning of 'excluir' is to leave out or remove something or someone from a group, list, consideration, or process. It signifies non-inclusion.

You use 'excluir' with 'de' (from) when you want to specify the context or group from which something or someone is being excluded. For example: 'excluir da lista' (exclude from the list), 'excluir do grupo' (exclude from the group), 'excluir da análise' (exclude from the analysis).

Not necessarily. While exclusion can often have negative connotations, it can also be a neutral or even necessary action depending on the context. For example, excluding irrelevant data from an analysis is a standard procedure. The negativity often comes from excluding people unfairly or without good reason.

'Excluir' means to leave out or not include, which can be temporary or for a specific purpose. 'Eliminar' implies a complete and often permanent removal or getting rid of something. You might exclude a student from a competition, but you eliminate a disease.

The preterite perfect (simple past) conjugation for 'excluir' is: eu excluí, tu excluíste, ele/ela/você excluiu, nós excluímos, vós excluístes, eles/elas/vocês excluíram. Note the accent on 'excluiu'.

Yes, 'excluir' is used in both formal and informal contexts. In informal settings, phrases like 'deixar de fora' (to leave out) might be more common, but 'excluir' is still perfectly understood and used.

The noun form of 'excluir' is 'exclusão', which means 'exclusion'.

A common mistake is not using the preposition 'de' correctly or at all, and sometimes confusing the conjugation, especially the accent in the past tense 'excluiu'.

Yes, for example, 'excluir o joio do trigo' means to separate the bad from the good, and 'excluir da conta' means to not take into account or ignore.

'Incluir' is the direct antonym of 'excluir'. While 'excluir' means to leave out, 'incluir' means to include or add. They represent opposite actions regarding membership or participation.

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