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B1 adjective 10 min de lecture

营利性

yinglixing
Exemples
Explication 营利性 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to worry too much about the complex legal word '营利性'. However, it is good to know that it is related to the word '钱' (qián - money). You can think of it as a way to say a business is 'for money'. For example, a '营利性' school is a school where you pay money to learn, and the school wants to make money. A '非营利性' school is often a charity school. At this stage, focus on the middle character '利' (lì), which you will see in words like '有利' (yǒulì - beneficial). Just remember: 营利性 = a business that wants to make a profit.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn about different kinds of organizations. '营利性' (yínglìxìng) is an adjective you will see in news or signs. It means 'for-profit'. You might see it in '营利性机构' (for-profit institution). The key is the suffix '-性' (-xìng), which works like '-ness' or '-ity' in English. It turns '营利' (to seek profit) into a quality. So, '营利性' is the 'profit-seeking quality'. If you see '非' (fēi) in front, it means 'non-', so '非营利性' is 'non-profit'. This is very common for charities.
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At the B1 level, '营利性' is an important word for professional contexts. You should understand that it is a formal adjective used to classify organizations. In China, this word is very important for understanding the difference between private businesses and government or social services. For example, '营利性医疗机构' (for-profit medical institutions) and '非营利性医疗机构' (non-profit medical institutions) have different rules. Notice that we usually don't use '的' (de) with this word when it's part of a formal title. It's also important not to confuse it with '盈利' (yínglì), which means the actual profit made, not the status of the company.
At the B2 level, you should be able to use '营利性' in debates or formal writing. You can discuss the pros and cons of '营利性教育' (for-profit education) versus public education. You should also recognize the word in legal contexts, such as the 'Company Law' of China. At this level, you should understand that '营利性' is a neutral term, but in certain social discussions, it can be a sensitive topic. You might also encounter phrases like '具有营利性质' (possessing a for-profit nature), which is a more formal way to express the concept in academic papers.
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At the C1 level, you should have a deep understanding of the legal and economic implications of '营利性'. This includes knowing how for-profit legal persons (营利法人) are treated under the Chinese Civil Code compared to non-profit legal persons (非营利法人). You should be able to distinguish between '营利性' (the objective of profit-seeking) and '盈利性' (the financial viability or profitability). You might also analyze the 'marketization' (市场化) of public services and use '营利性' as a precise term to describe the shift from state-funded to private-capital-driven models.
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At the C2 level, '营利性' is a tool for sophisticated socio-economic analysis. You can discuss the 'encroachment of for-profit logic' (营利性逻辑的渗透) into non-commercial spheres like art, religion, or basic research. You should be able to navigate the complexities of 'social enterprises' (社会企业) which might have '营利性' structures but '非营利性' (social) goals. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the historical evolution of the term in the context of China's transition from a planned economy to a socialist market economy, and the linguistic nuances that distinguish it from 'commercialism' (商业主义) or 'utilitarianism' (功利主义).
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Exemples

The term 营利性 (yínglìxìng) is a foundational concept in Chinese business, law, and social organization. At its core, it is an adjective used to describe an entity, activity, or organization whose primary purpose is to generate a financial surplus for distribution to its owners or shareholders. In the English-speaking world, we most commonly translate this as "for-profit" or "profit-making." Understanding this word requires looking at its three constituent characters: 营 (yíng), meaning to manage or operate; 利 (lì), meaning profit or benefit; and 性 (xìng), a suffix denoting nature, property, or quality. Together, they form a word that describes the very nature of commercial enterprise.

The Business Context
In the realm of commerce, this term is used to distinguish between standard companies and social enterprises or charities. For instance, when discussing the reform of the Chinese education system, the distinction between 营利性学校 (for-profit schools) and 非营利性学校 (non-profit schools) is a central point of legal and social debate. The former is allowed to distribute profits to investors, while the latter must reinvest all surplus back into the institution.
The Legal Nuance
Under Chinese Civil Law, specifically the General Provisions of the Civil Law, legal persons are categorized into for-profit and non-profit. This classification determines how the entity is taxed, how it can be dissolved, and what kind of government subsidies it might be eligible for. If you are reading a contract or a corporate charter, seeing the word 营利性 tells you immediately that the entity's raison d'être is the accumulation of wealth.

政府正在加强对营利性医疗机构的监管。(The government is strengthening supervision of for-profit medical institutions.)

Example of the term used in a regulatory context.

Historically, the concept of a "for-profit" entity in a socialist market economy has undergone significant evolution. In the early years of the People's Republic, most entities were state-owned and not explicitly categorized by their profit-seeking nature in the same way. However, since the Reform and Opening-up period, the introduction of private enterprise necessitated clear linguistic and legal markers to distinguish between public service and private gain. This is where 营利性 became ubiquitous.

这家公司已经转型为一家非营利性组织。(This company has already transformed into a non-profit organization.)

Linguistically, the suffix -性 (-xìng) is incredibly versatile. It functions similarly to the English suffixes "-ness," "-ity," or "-ic." When added to 营利 (to seek profit), it creates an abstract noun or a qualifying adjective. In modern Mandarin, you will see this pattern everywhere: 可能性 (possibility), 重要性 (importance), 针对性 (focus/pertinence). Understanding this pattern allows you to decode hundreds of technical terms across various fields.

Register and Tone
The word 营利性 is formal and objective. It is rarely used in casual conversation about a small street vendor or a friend's side hustle. Instead, you would hear it in news broadcasts, academic papers, financial reports, and legal discussions. Using it correctly signals a high level of professional Chinese proficiency.

我们必须平衡企业的营利性与社会责任。(We must balance the for-profit nature of the enterprise with social responsibility.)

Using 营利性 (yínglìxìng) effectively requires an understanding of its role as an attributive adjective. In Chinese grammar, this word almost always appears directly before a noun to define the category or nature of that noun. It is rarely used as a predicate (you wouldn't usually say "这个公司很营利性"). Instead, it functions as a classifier.

The 'Noun + 性' Structure
When you use 营利性, you are typically categorizing an institution. The most common collocations are with nouns like 机构 (institution), 组织 (organization), 学校 (school), and 医院 (hospital). In these cases, the word 的 (de) is often omitted because the relationship between the adjective and the noun is so tight that they form a compound term.

这是一所营利性养老院。(This is a for-profit nursing home.)

When you want to contrast for-profit and non-profit entities, the structure 非营利性 (fēi yínglìxìng) is used. The prefix 非 (fēi) acts like "non-" or "un-". In academic or legal writing, you will often see these two terms paired to describe the entire spectrum of a particular sector, such as the healthcare market or the private education industry.

法律对营利性和非营利性机构有不同的税收规定。(The law has different tax regulations for for-profit and non-profit institutions.)

Using '性' as a Suffix for Abstract Concepts
In more complex sentences, 营利性 can serve as a noun meaning "profitability" or "the profit-seeking nature." For example, "The profitability of this project is high" could be rendered as 这个项目的营利性很高. However, in modern business Chinese, 营利性 is more about the *status*, while 盈利能力 (yínglì nénglì) is more about the *ability* to make money.

投资者非常关注该平台的营利性模式。(Investors are very concerned about the platform's for-profit model.)

In formal reports, you might encounter the phrase 具有营利性 (jùyǒu yínglìxìng), which means "to possess a for-profit nature." This is a more sophisticated way of saying something is for-profit. It is often used when a government body is determining whether an activity constitutes business or charity. If an activity is deemed to 具有营利性, it will be subject to business taxes.

该组织不以营利为目的，因此不具有营利性。(The organization does not aim for profit, therefore it does not have a for-profit nature.)

Finally, remember that 营利性 is a neutral term. It does not imply that profit-seeking is good or bad; it simply describes the legal and economic structure of the entity. However, in certain social contexts—like healthcare or basic education—the term can spark debate about whether certain services *should* be 营利性. When writing an essay or participating in a debate, using this word correctly will show that you understand these systemic distinctions.

You are most likely to encounter 营利性 (yínglìxìng) in professional, administrative, and news environments. It is not a word you would use while buying groceries or chatting about the weather, but it is indispensable for understanding the structure of modern Chinese society. Here are the specific domains where this word is a frequent guest.

1. Business News and Financial Reports
Whenever a new startup is launched or a company goes public, analysts will discuss its 营利性. You'll hear phrases like "营利性增长" (for-profit growth) or "营利性模式" (for-profit model). On channels like CCTV-2 (the financial channel), experts often debate whether a new tech platform has a sustainable 营利性 future.

新闻报道：该初创企业尚未实现营利性经营。(News report: The startup has not yet achieved for-profit operations.)

2. Legal and Regulatory Documents
If you are opening a business in China, you will see this word on registration forms. The 市场监督管理局 (Market Supervision Bureau) uses this term to classify businesses. It appears in the "公司法" (Company Law) and "民法典" (Civil Code) to define the rights and obligations of different types of legal persons.

法律条文：营利性法人应当依法登记。(Legal clause: For-profit legal persons shall register according to the law.)

3. Educational and Healthcare Reform Discussions
This is perhaps the most common place to hear the word in social discourse. China has been undergoing significant reforms in how private capital enters public service sectors. You will hear parents and policy makers discussing 营利性幼儿园 (for-profit kindergartens) or 营利性医院 (for-profit hospitals), often with a focus on how to ensure quality and affordability when profit is a motive.

家长讨论：我不确定营利性学校的教学质量是否更有保障。(Parent discussion: I'm not sure if for-profit schools have more guaranteed teaching quality.)

In academic settings, sociology or economics students will use 营利性 to analyze market structures. For instance, a thesis might explore the "encroachment of for-profit logic into the public sphere" (营利性逻辑向公共领域的渗透). This highlights the word's utility in high-level intellectual debate.

学术会议：我们需要重新审视基础教育的营利性问题。(Academic conference: We need to re-examine the issue of the for-profit nature of basic education.)

While 营利性 (yínglìxìng) is a standard term, it is frequently misused by both learners and native speakers. Most errors stem from homophones (words that sound the same) or a misunderstanding of the word's grammatical function. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid.

1. Confusing 营利 (yínglì) with 盈利 (yínglì)
This is the "classic" mistake. In many Mandarin dialects, these two are pronounced exactly the same. However, their meanings are distinct. 营利 (seeking profit) refers to the *intent* or *purpose*. 盈利 (gaining profit) refers to the *result* or the *amount of profit*. You can have a 营利性 company that is currently losing money (not 盈利). Conversely, a 非营利性 organization can technically make a profit (盈利), but it cannot distribute that profit to owners.

❌ 错误：这家非盈利组织不准营利。
✅ 正确：这家非营利组织不以营利为目的。

Note: In common usage, '非盈利' is often seen, but '非营利' is the formal legal term.
2. Overusing '很' (hěn) with 营利性
As mentioned in the grammar section, 营利性 is a categorizing adjective. It describes a binary state (either it is for-profit or it isn't). Therefore, saying "很营利性" (very for-profit) sounds strange to native ears. If you want to say a company is very focused on making money, use 商业味很重 (shāngyèwèi hěn zhòng) or 功利心很强 (gōnglìxīn hěn qiáng).

❌ 错误：这间诊所看起来很营利性。
✅ 正确：这间诊所是一家营利性机构。

3. Misplacing the Word in a Sentence
Learners sometimes treat 营利性 as a verb because of the 营 (manage) part. They might say "他营利性他的公司". This is incorrect. 营利性 is always an adjective or a noun. To express the action of seeking profit, just use the verb 营利 or 谋利 (móulì).

❌ 错误：为了营利性，他降低了成本。
✅ 正确：为了营利，他降低了成本。

Use the verb form when describing an action or goal.

In the nuanced world of Chinese economics, several words share a semantic neighborhood with 营利性 (yínglìxìng). Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about legal status, commercial atmosphere, or actual financial success.

营利性 vs. 盈利性 (yínglìxìng)

营利性: Focuses on the objective or motive of seeking profit. It is a legal classification. (e.g., a for-profit school).

盈利性: Focuses on the capacity or actuality of making a profit. (e.g., a profitable project).

营利性 vs. 商业性 (shāngyèxìng)

营利性: Formal, legalistic. Used for institutional classification.

商业性: General, descriptive. It refers to something having a "commercial" feel or being part of the business world. You might say a movie is 商业性很强 (very commercial), but you wouldn't call it 营利性很强.

营利性 vs. 功利性 (gōnglìxìng)

营利性: Neutral. It's just a business model.

功利性: Negative/Critical. This refers to "utilitarianism" or being "calculating." If you say someone's friendship is 功利性, it means they only like you for what they can get from you. Never use this for business registration!

比较：
1. 这是一家具备营利性资格的公司。(Legal status)
2. 这是一个具有强盈利性的项目。(Financial performance)
3. 这部电影的商业性非常明显。(Market appeal)

When you want to sound more like a native speaker in a professional setting, consider using 市场化 (shìchǎnghuà - market-oriented). This is a very popular word in modern China that describes the process of making a state-run service operate like a for-profit business. For example, "healthcare marketization" is 医疗市场化. This often carries the same weight as 营利性 but sounds more dynamic and process-oriented.

该机构转型后，其营利性色彩逐渐变淡。(After the institution's transformation, its for-profit character gradually faded.)

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Exemples par niveau

1

这是一家营利性商店。

This is a for-profit store.

营利性 + Noun.

2

营利性学校要交学费。

For-profit schools require tuition fees.

Subject is a for-profit entity.

3

那个医院是营利性的吗？

Is that hospital for-profit?

Using '的' at the end of a question.

4

我不喜欢营利性的组织。

I don't like for-profit organizations.

Direct object with '的'.

5

营利性公司想赚很多钱。

For-profit companies want to make a lot of money.

Simple sentence structure.

6

这是一家非营利性医院。

This is a non-profit hospital.

Contrast with '非'.

7

营利性机构通常很贵。

For-profit institutions are usually expensive.

Adverb '通常' used with the term.

8

这是营利性的，不是免费的。

This is for-profit, not free.

Contrast '营利性' with '免费'.

1

政府支持非营利性活动。

The government supports non-profit activities.

Adjective modifying '活动'.

2

营利性机构必须注册。

For-profit institutions must register.

Modal verb '必须'.

3

他开了一家营利性健身房。

He opened a for-profit gym.

Measure word '家' for business.

4

营利性教育在很多国家很普遍。

For-profit education is common in many countries.

Abstract noun '教育' modified by the term.

5

这家公司有营利性目的。

This company has a for-profit purpose.

'目的' as the head noun.

6

非营利性组织不交这种税。

Non-profit organizations don't pay this kind of tax.

Negative '不' before the verb.

7

这是一项营利性服务。

This is a for-profit service.

Measure word '项' for services.

8

营利性医院的设备通常更好。

For-profit hospitals usually have better equipment.

Possessive '的' after the noun phrase.

1

民法典将法人分为营利性和非营利性。

The Civil Code divides legal persons into for-profit and non-profit.

Verb '分为' (divide into).

2

由于其营利性，该项目无法获得补贴。

Due to its for-profit nature, the project cannot get subsidies.

Prepositional phrase '由于...'.

3

我们应当警惕医疗过度营利性的倾向。

We should be wary of the trend of excessive profit-seeking in healthcare.

Noun phrase '过度营利性的倾向'.

4

这家营利性培训机构最近倒闭了。

This for-profit training institution recently went bankrupt.

Complex subject with '这家'.

5

非营利性组织也可以有盈利，但不能分红。

Non-profit organizations can also have profits, but cannot distribute dividends.

Contrast between '营利性' and '盈利'.

6

该政策主要针对营利性民办学校。

This policy is mainly aimed at for-profit private schools.

Verb '针对' (aimed at).

7

投资者看好该平台的营利性前景。

Investors are optimistic about the platform's for-profit prospects.

Noun phrase '营利性前景'.

8

这家养老院已经从非营利性转为营利性。

This nursing home has changed from non-profit to for-profit.

Structure '从...转为...'.

1

营利性医疗机构的增加引发了社会的广泛讨论。

The increase in for-profit medical institutions has sparked widespread social discussion.

Complex subject leading to '引发'.

2

该法律明确了营利性法人的权利与义务。

The law clarifies the rights and obligations of for-profit legal persons.

Legal terminology '法人'.

3

我们需要平衡教育的营利性与公平性。

We need to balance the for-profit nature and the fairness of education.

Parallel structure '...性与...性'.

4

这家企业正在探索一种新型的营利性模式。

This enterprise is exploring a new type of for-profit model.

Continuous aspect '正在'.

5

营利性是商业机构最本质的特征之一。

For-profit nature is one of the most fundamental characteristics of commercial institutions.

Superlative '最...之一'.

6

该项目的营利性并不显著，但社会效益很好。

The profitability of this project is not significant, but the social benefits are good.

Conjunction '但' (but).

7

政府对营利性养老机构实行差别化管理。

The government implements differentiated management for for-profit elderly care institutions.

Formal verb '实行'.

8

过度追求营利性可能会损害公共利益。

Excessive pursuit of profit-making may harm the public interest.

Modal '可能会' (might).

1

在资本逻辑的驱动下，某些公共服务呈现出明显的营利性转向。

Driven by the logic of capital, some public services show a clear shift towards for-profit nature.

Passive-like structure '在...驱动下'.

2

营利性法人的剩余财产分配规则与非营利性法人截然不同。

The rules for the distribution of residual property for for-profit legal persons are completely different from those for non-profit ones.

Comparison structure '与...截然不同'.

3

学术期刊的过度营利性引发了学术界对开放获取的呼吁。

The excessive for-profit nature of academic journals has sparked calls for open access in the academic community.

Abstract noun as the subject of the sentence.

4

我们需要从制度层面界定营利性与公益性的边界。

We need to define the boundaries between for-profit and public welfare nature from an institutional level.

Formal phrase '从制度层面'.

5

该研究探讨了营利性动机对员工职业道德的影响。

The study explores the impact of for-profit motives on employee professional ethics.

Academic verb '探讨'.

6

营利性医疗的扩张必须以保障基本医疗需求为前提。

The expansion of for-profit healthcare must be predicated on ensuring basic medical needs.

Structure '以...为前提'.

7

非营利性组织的所谓“营利性”往往被误解为纯粹的商业行为。

The so-called 'for-profit nature' of non-profit organizations is often misunderstood as pure commercial behavior.

Use of quotes for irony or nuance.

8

法律对营利性民办学校的关联交易进行了严格规制。

The law has strictly regulated related-party transactions of for-profit private schools.

Specific legal terminology '关联交易'.

1

新自由主义思潮加剧了全球范围内公共事业的营利性侵蚀。

The trend of neoliberalism has exacerbated the for-profit erosion of public utilities on a global scale.

Highly abstract and ideological vocabulary.

2

营利性逻辑与艺术创作的纯粹性之间往往存在着不可调和的矛盾。

There is often an irreconcilable contradiction between for-profit logic and the purity of artistic creation.

Structure '...与...之间'.

3

该论文批判性地分析了高等教育营利性化对社会阶层流动的影响。

The paper critically analyzes the impact of the for-profitization of higher education on social mobility.

Adverbial modifier '批判性地'.

4

在现代公司治理中，营利性目标必须与环境、社会和治理（ESG）标准相融合。

In modern corporate governance, for-profit goals must be integrated with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards.

Technical business terminology 'ESG'.

5

营利性法人应当在追求利润的同时，兼顾利益相关者的合法权益。

For-profit legal persons should take into account the legitimate rights and interests of stakeholders while pursuing profits.

Structure '在...的同时，兼顾...'.

6

法律条文的精妙之处在于如何平衡营利性的激励作用与社会契约的稳定性。

The subtlety of legal clauses lies in how to balance the incentive effect of for-profit nature with the stability of the social contract.

Complex noun phrase '...的精妙之处'.

7

数字平台的营利性算法往往在无形中重塑了用户的消费习惯与意识形态。

The for-profit algorithms of digital platforms often invisibly reshape users' consumption habits and ideologies.

Abstract and metaphorical language.

8

探讨非营利性机构的“隐性营利性”是当前社会学研究的一个热点。

Exploring the 'implicit for-profit nature' of non-profit institutions is a hot topic in current sociological research.

Complex gerund-like subject.

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