Cette page dans ta langue

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

A2 noun 9 min de lecture

寒假

hanjia

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 寒假 en 30 secondes

Explication 寒假 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners should recognize '寒假' as a single unit meaning 'winter break.' You don't need to worry about the complex history of the characters yet. Just focus on the fact that 'hán' means cold and 'jià' means vacation. You will most often use it with the verb '放' (fàng) which means 'to have' a break. At this stage, you should be able to say simple things like 'I like winter vacation' (我喜欢寒假) or 'When is winter vacation?' (什么时候放寒假?). It is a key vocabulary word for students or anyone talking about the school year. Remember that it happens in the winter, usually around January or February. You should also learn that it is different from '暑假' (summer vacation). If you can identify this word in a simple sentence and know it refers to a time of rest during the cold months, you have met the A1 requirement. Focus on the fourth tone for 'jià'—it sounds like a sharp drop, similar to the English word 'stop' when said forcefully.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the A2 level, you should be able to use '寒假' in more descriptive sentences and understand its relationship with the Spring Festival. You should be able to talk about the duration of the break using '多久' (duōjiǔ) and describe your basic plans. For example, 'My winter vacation is three weeks long' (我的寒假有三个星期) or 'I am going to Beijing during winter vacation' (寒假我要去北京). You should also start pairing it with common nouns like '寒假作业' (winter break homework) and '寒假计划' (winter break plans). At this level, you are expected to know that '放寒假' is the standard verb-object construction. You might also encounter it in simple dialogues about weather, where the coldness of the '寒' character is emphasized. You should be comfortable answering questions like 'What did you do during winter vacation?' (你寒假做了什么?) using past or completed actions. Understanding the basic cultural context—that schools close and people go home—is also important for A2 learners.

By B1, you should be able to discuss '寒假' in the context of personal experiences, feelings, and social norms. You can use it to compare different types of holidays and express preferences. For instance, you might explain why you prefer 寒假 over 暑假 despite the cold, perhaps because of the atmosphere of the Lunar New Year. You should be able to use more complex structures like '趁着寒假' (taking advantage of winter vacation) or '寒假期间' (during the winter vacation period). At this level, you should also be aware of the social pressure associated with the break, such as '补习班' (cram schools). You can participate in longer conversations about how students in your country spend their winter breaks compared to Chinese students. Your ability to use '寒假' as a time adverbial should be fluid, and you should be able to write a short paragraph describing a memorable winter vacation, using a variety of verbs and adjectives like '难忘' (unforgettable) or '轻松' (relaxing).

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the B2 level, you should understand the broader implications of '寒假' on society and the economy. You can discuss topics like the 'Chunyun' (Spring Festival travel rush) and how it coincides with the student break. You should be able to use the term in formal contexts, such as discussing educational policies or the 'Double Reduction' policy in China that limits homework during 寒假. You should also be familiar with more formal synonyms or related terms like '假期生活' or '学期转换.' At this level, you can handle nuanced discussions about the pros and cons of long school breaks and the impact on student well-being. You should be able to read news articles or watch reports where 寒假 is mentioned in the context of travel statistics, safety warnings, or school reopening schedules. Your usage of the word should be grammatically perfect, including the correct use of measure words and positioning within complex sentences involving '虽然...但是...' or '不但...而且...'.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the C1 level, '寒假' becomes a springboard for discussing deep cultural values and systemic issues in education. You should be able to analyze the linguistic components of the word and its etymological roots in classical Chinese. You can discuss the literary or cinematic depictions of winter vacations in Chinese culture, perhaps referencing how authors use the quiet, cold atmosphere of 寒假 to reflect on character growth or family dynamics. You should be able to use the term in academic or professional presentations regarding the Chinese education market, seasonal economic shifts, or psychological studies on student burnout. At this level, you should also understand regional variations in how 寒假 is perceived and spent—for instance, the difference between a student in a tropical climate like Singapore versus one in the freezing north of Harbin. You can use idiomatic expressions or sophisticated vocabulary to describe the 'vibe' of the vacation, moving beyond simple adjectives to more evocative language.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

At the C2 level, your command of '寒假' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can engage in philosophical debates about the role of rest in the 'hustle culture' of modern East Asia, using 寒假 as a case study. You understand the historical evolution of the school calendar in China and how the concept of a 'winter break' shifted from traditional lunar cycles to the modern Gregorian-based academic year. You can interpret subtle irony or satire in literature that uses 寒假 as a setting to critique societal expectations. Your writing on the subject is sophisticated, perhaps using the term in a metaphorical sense to describe a 'winter' or 'dormancy' in other areas of life. You are also fully aware of the legal and administrative nuances of 寒假, such as labor laws for teachers or government regulations on private tutoring during this specific period. You can effortlessly switch between formal academic discourse and informal slang when discussing the break, showing a complete mastery of register and cultural subtext.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

寒假 en 30 secondes

寒假 (hánjià) specifically refers to the winter vacation for students and teachers, occurring during the coldest months and the Lunar New Year.
It is a compound of '寒' (cold) and '假' (vacation), and is used as a noun in daily and academic contexts.
Commonly paired with the verb '放' (fàng) to start the break or '过' (guò) to spend the break duration.
Culturally significant as it facilitates the 'Chunyun' travel rush and family gatherings for the most important Chinese festival.

The term 寒假 (hánjià) is the standard Chinese word for 'winter vacation' or 'winter break.' It is a compound noun formed by two distinct characters: 寒 (hán), which means 'cold' or 'wintry,' and 假 (jià), which refers to a 'vacation,' 'holiday,' or 'leave.' In the context of the Chinese academic calendar, 寒假 typically occurs between the first and second semesters of the school year, usually spanning from late January to mid-February. This timing is strategically aligned with the Lunar New Year (Spring Festival), ensuring that students and teachers have ample time to return to their ancestral homes for family reunions, which is the most significant cultural tradition in the Sinosphere.

Academic Context: In mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, 寒假 is the primary break for K-12 students and university students alike. The duration can vary from three to six weeks depending on the region and the specific dates of the Lunar New Year. Northern regions, such as Heilongjiang, often have longer winter breaks to account for the extreme cold, sometimes lasting up to two months.

因为快要放寒假了，同学们都表现得非常兴奋。(Because winter vacation is about to start, the students are all acting very excited.)

Cultural Nuance: Unlike the Western 'Christmas Break,' which is fixed in December, 寒假 is a 'floating' holiday because it follows the lunar calendar. It is synonymous with the 'Chunyun' (Spring Festival travel rush), the largest annual human migration on Earth. For many students, 寒假 is a bittersweet time; while it offers rest, it is also famously associated with '寒假作业' (winter break homework), which can be quite extensive.

你寒假打算去哪里旅游？(Where do you plan to travel during winter vacation?)

People use this word in daily conversations starting as early as November or December when planning trips or discussing school schedules. It is used by parents, students, teachers, and travel agencies. In professional settings, if a business follows the school schedule (like a tutoring center), they will also use 寒假 to describe their seasonal offerings. The word carries a sense of anticipation and relief, as it marks the end of the grueling first-semester exams. However, in modern urban China, 寒假 is also increasingly seen as a time for 'extra-curricular enrichment,' where students attend '寒假班' (winter break classes) to get ahead in subjects like math or English. Despite this, the core essence of 寒假 remains rooted in the tradition of returning home, eating dumplings, and celebrating the new year with elder relatives.

Using 寒假 correctly requires understanding its role as a noun and its common verbal pairings. The most frequent verb used with 寒假 is 放 (fàng), which means 'to release' or 'to set free.' When you say 放寒假, you are saying 'to have/start winter vacation.'

Common Verb Pairings

放寒假 (fàng hánjià): To begin the break. Example: 我们学校下礼拜一放寒假。
过寒假 (guò hánjià): To spend or pass the winter break. Example: 你打算怎么过寒假？
休寒假 (xiū hánjià): More formal, used mainly by teachers or staff.

我打算在寒假期间自学汉语。(I plan to self-study Chinese during the winter vacation period.)

Grammatically, 寒假 often acts as a time container. You can use it as a subject or an object, but it most frequently appears as a time adverbial at the beginning of a sentence or after the subject. For example, '寒假的时候' (During winter vacation) is a very common way to set the scene. Note that Chinese does not require a preposition like 'in' or 'during' as strictly as English does; simply saying '寒假我回家' (Winter vacation I go home) is perfectly natural.

这次寒假，我哪儿也不想去，只想在家睡觉。(This winter vacation, I don't want to go anywhere; I just want to sleep at home.)

Sentence Patterns: 1. [Subject] + [Time/寒假] + [Action].
2. [寒假] + [Verb] + [Duration].
3. [Verb/放] + [寒假] + [Duration].

In writing, 寒假 is often used in descriptive essays. Students are frequently asked to write '我的寒假生活' (My Winter Vacation Life). In these contexts, you will see it paired with words like '充实' (chōngshí - fulfilling), '愉快' (yúkuài - pleasant), or '忙碌' (mánglù - busy). It is also important to remember that 寒假 is a specific noun; you cannot use it to describe a general holiday or a long weekend. For a general holiday, use '假期' (jiàqī).

You will encounter 寒假 in a variety of real-world settings across Chinese-speaking society. The most prominent location is within the education system. From primary schools to elite universities, the announcement of the '寒假通知' (Winter Vacation Notice) is a major event. You will hear school administrators over loudspeakers announcing the start and end dates, and you will see it printed on official academic calendars.

Public Transportation and News: In the weeks leading up to the break, news broadcasts frequently use the term when discussing '春运' (Spring Festival travel). Reporters might say, '随着寒假临近，学生票预订进入高峰' (As winter vacation approaches, student ticket bookings have reached a peak). At train stations and airports, you will hear announcements regarding student discounts available specifically for the 寒假 period.

广播：各位同学请注意，本学期寒假将从下周三正式开始。(Announcement: Attention students, this semester's winter vacation will officially begin next Wednesday.)

In the domestic sphere, 寒假 is a constant topic of conversation among parents. On social media platforms like WeChat or Little Red Book (Xiaohongshu), you will find endless threads titled '寒假带娃去哪儿？' (Where to take the kids during winter break?) or '寒假逆袭指南' (Guide to getting ahead during winter break). It is a time when the consumer market pivots toward family-oriented activities, so you will see 寒假 promotions at movie theaters, ski resorts, and museums.

妈妈：你寒假作业写完了吗？不要等到最后一天才写。(Mom: Have you finished your winter break homework? Don't wait until the last day to do it.)

Finally, in the workplace, although adults do not get a '寒假' per se, those working in the education sector or parents taking leave to be with their children will frequently use the term. It becomes a social marker for the time of year. For instance, a colleague might say, '我打算趁孩子放寒假的时候回趟老家' (I plan to take advantage of my child's winter break to go back to my hometown). Therefore, even for those not in school, 寒假 dictates the rhythm of social and professional life during the winter months.

While 寒假 seems straightforward, English speakers often encounter a few recurring pitfalls. The most common error is a tonal one. The character 假 is a polyphone (多音字). In the context of 'vacation,' it must be pronounced in the fourth tone (jià). If pronounced in the third tone (jiǎ), it means 'fake' or 'artificial.' Mistakenly saying 'hánjiǎ' might lead a listener to think you are talking about a 'fake winter,' which is nonsensical.

Mistake 1: Using 'Winter Holiday' for 'Winter Vacation': In English, 'holiday' and 'vacation' are often interchangeable. However, in Chinese, 寒假 specifically refers to the school break. If you are a working professional taking a few days off in winter, you should use '请假' (qǐngjià - to take leave) or '年假' (niánjià - annual leave) rather than 寒假. Saying '我公司放寒假' (My company is having winter vacation) sounds like you work at a school.

错误：我下周要请一个寒假。(Incorrect: I want to request a winter vacation next week.)
正确：我下周要请几天假。(Correct: I want to request a few days of leave next week.)

Another mistake involves the duration and frequency. Some learners try to pluralize it or use it with 'many.' In Chinese, 寒假 is an uncountable concept or a specific event. You don't have 'three winter vacations' in one year. You have 'one winter vacation' that lasts 'three weeks.' Use '一个寒假' (one winter vacation) if a measure word is absolutely necessary, but usually, the measure word is omitted.

错误：寒假在七月开始。(Incorrect: Winter vacation starts in July.)
正确：暑假在七月开始。(Correct: Summer vacation starts in July.)

Mistake 2: Confusing Verbs: Learners often say '做寒假' (do winter vacation) by translating 'do' literally from English 'doing my vacation.' In Chinese, you must use '过' (guò - to spend/experience) or '放' (fàng - to have/be on break).

Lastly, be careful with the word order when specifying the year. It should be [Year] + 寒假, such as '2024年寒假' or '明年的寒假.' Putting the year after the noun is a common English-influenced mistake that sounds unnatural in Chinese.

To truly master the vocabulary of time and rest, you must distinguish 寒假 from its related counterparts. The Chinese language has a specific word for every type of break, and using them interchangeably is a sign of a beginner. Here is a breakdown of the most common alternatives and how they differ from 寒假.

寒假 vs. 暑假 (shǔjià): These are the two pillars of the school year. 暑 (shǔ) refers to the dog days of summer. While 寒假 is associated with the Lunar New Year and cold weather, 暑假 is much longer (usually two months) and associated with heat, swimming, and the long break between grade levels.

寒假 vs. 假期 (jiàqī): 假期 is the generic term for any holiday or vacation period. It is the 'umbrella term.' You can say '寒假是一个长假期' (Winter vacation is a long holiday), but you cannot always replace 假期 with 寒假. For example, the 'Golden Week' in October is a 假期, but never a 寒假.

虽然寒假很短，但因为有春节，所以比暑假更有趣。(Although winter vacation is short, because of the Spring Festival, it is more interesting than summer vacation.)

寒假 vs. 春假 (chūnjià): Spring break (春假) is less common in mainland China than in Japan or the US. In Taiwan, there is sometimes a short 'Spring Break' in April, but for most Chinese students, the 'Spring Festival' break is the 寒假. Confusing these two might make it seem like you are referring to a separate break that doesn't exist in most Chinese school calendars.

寒假 vs. 休假 (xiūjià): 休假 is typically used for workers taking time off (to take leave). Students '放寒假,' but employees '休年假' (take annual leave). If an adult says '我要放寒假,' it implies they are a student or a teacher.

In summary, choose 寒假 when specifically referring to the school-sanctioned break during the cold months. Use 假期 for general holidays, and 暑假 for the summer. This precision will make your Chinese sound much more natural and native-like. Whether you are discussing travel plans, homework loads, or family gatherings, knowing which 'vacation' word to use is essential for clear communication.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

In ancient China, students didn't have a formal '寒假' in the modern sense, but they often stopped studying during the 'Laba' festival and the New Year to help with family rituals.

Guide de prononciation

UK /hæn dʒiɑː/

US /hɑn dʒiɑ/

The stress is equal on both syllables, but the fourth tone on 'jià' makes the second syllable sound more emphatic.

Rime avec

打架 (dǎjià) 身价 (shēnjià) 评价 (píngjià) 降价 (jiàngjià) 放假 (fàngjià) 代价 (dàijià) 成家 (chéngjiā - partial rhyme) 专家 (zhuānjiā - partial rhyme)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'jià' as 'jiǎ' (3rd tone), which means 'fake'.
Pronouncing 'hán' as 'hàn' (4th tone), which means 'sweat'.
Confusing the 'j' sound in 'jià' with a 'z' or 'zh' sound.
Making the 'i' in 'jia' too long; it should be a quick glide.
Failing to use the rising tone on 'hán', making it sound flat.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

Characters are relatively common but 寒 has many strokes.

Écriture 3/5

Writing 寒 requires careful attention to stroke order and the dots at the bottom.

Expression orale 2/5

Easy to say, but tone on 假 must be correct.

Écoute 2/5

Distinctive sound, but watch out for similar sounding words.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

冬天假放学

Apprends ensuite

暑假春节旅游作业学期

Avancé

严寒假期休假春运补习班

Grammaire à connaître

Duration with '有'

寒假有一个月。

Time as Adverbial

我寒假回家。

The '放' + Vacation structure

学校放寒假了。

Measure words for vacations

一个寒假 (yí gè hánjià).

Using '...的时候' for time

寒假的时候很冷。

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour lire l'explication complète

Exemples par niveau

寒假快到了。

Winter vacation is coming soon.

Simple subject + predicate structure.

我喜欢寒假。

I like winter vacation.

Basic 'Subject + Verb + Object' pattern.

寒假有几天？

How many days is winter vacation?

Asking about duration with '几天'.

寒假我不去学校。

I don't go to school during winter vacation.

Using '寒假' as a time adverbial.

寒假在冬天。

Winter vacation is in winter.

Stating a fact using '在'.

他在家过寒假。

He spends winter vacation at home.

Verb '过' used for spending time.

寒假快乐！

Happy winter vacation!

Standard holiday greeting.

你要放寒假了吗？

Are you about to start winter vacation?

Using '要...了' for imminent action.

我们寒假放三个星期。

We have three weeks of winter vacation.

Duration following the verb-object phrase.

寒假你打算做什么？

What do you plan to do during winter vacation?

Asking about plans with '打算'.

我寒假要去南方旅游。

I am going to travel to the south during winter vacation.

Time + Subject + Action.

寒假作业太多了。

There is too much winter vacation homework.

Noun compound '寒假作业'.

寒假的时候，天很冷。

During winter vacation, the weather is very cold.

Using '...的时候' to mean 'during'.

我和家人一起过寒假。

I spend winter vacation together with my family.

'和...一起' structure.

寒假结束后，我们要考试。

After winter vacation ends, we have an exam.

'...结束后' meaning 'after... ends'.

他在寒假学了滑雪。

He learned to ski during winter vacation.

Completed action with '了'.

趁着寒假，我打算把汉语水平提高一下。

Taking advantage of winter vacation, I plan to improve my Chinese level.

Using '趁着' to mean 'taking advantage of'.

虽然寒假很短，但我过得很充实。

Although winter vacation is short, I spent it very fully.

Conjunction '虽然...但...'.

寒假期间，很多学生会去兼职。

During the winter vacation period, many students go to work part-time.

Formal term '期间' for 'period'.

比起暑假，我更期待寒假，因为可以过年。

Compared to summer vacation, I look forward to winter vacation more because of the New Year.

'比起...更...' comparison.

寒假的最后一天，我才开始写作业。

On the last day of winter vacation, I only then started my homework.

Using '才' to emphasize lateness.

每年寒假，火车站都挤满了回家的学生。

Every winter vacation, the train station is crowded with students going home.

Resultative complement '挤满'.

因为寒假，这个景点的门票变贵了。

Because of winter vacation, the tickets for this attraction have become expensive.

Cause and effect with '因为'.

你对这个寒假有什么特别的安排吗？

Do you have any special arrangements for this winter vacation?

Using '对...有什么安排'.

寒假不仅是休息的时间，也是自我提升的好机会。

Winter vacation is not only a time for rest but also a good opportunity for self-improvement.

Conjunction '不仅...也...'.

由于气候原因，北方的寒假通常比南方长。

Due to climate reasons, winter vacation in the north is usually longer than in the south.

Formal conjunction '由于'.

政府出台了新政策，限制寒假期间的学科类培训。

The government issued new policies to limit academic training during the winter vacation.

Formal vocabulary like '出台' and '政策'.

学生们在寒假里可以参加各种社会实践活动。

Students can participate in various social practice activities during winter vacation.

Abstract noun '社会实践'.

寒假带来的‘春运’给交通系统带来了巨大压力。

The 'Spring Festival travel rush' brought by winter vacation puts huge pressure on the transport system.

Subject-predicate phrase as an attributive.

很多家长利用寒假给孩子报了各种兴趣班。

Many parents use the winter vacation to enroll their children in various interest classes.

Using '利用' for 'utilizing'.

寒假的生活节奏通常比学期中慢得多。

The pace of life during winter vacation is usually much slower than during the semester.

Comparison with '比...得多'.

如何科学合理地安排寒假时间是一个值得讨论的话题。

How to arrange winter vacation time scientifically and reasonably is a topic worth discussing.

Complex subject phrase.

寒假作业的沉重负担一直是教育界关注的焦点。

The heavy burden of winter vacation homework has always been a focus of attention in the education sector.

Sophisticated vocabulary '沉重负担' and '焦点'.

在寒假的寂静中，他终于完成了那部长篇小说。

In the silence of the winter vacation, he finally finished that long novel.

Literary tone with '寂静'.

寒假经济呈现出多元化趋势，旅游和网课成为支柱。

The winter vacation economy shows a trend of diversification, with travel and online courses becoming pillars.

Economic terminology '多元化' and '支柱'.

对许多留学生来说，寒假意味着长途跋涉的归乡之旅。

For many international students, winter vacation means a long-distance journey back home.

Idiomatic phrase '长途跋涉'.

寒假不仅仅是日历上的数字，更是一种文化心理的慰藉。

Winter vacation is not just numbers on a calendar, but a kind of cultural and psychological solace.

Philosophical '不仅是...更是...'.

学校应鼓励学生在寒假期间回归自然，而非沉溺于电子游戏。

Schools should encourage students to return to nature during winter vacation rather than indulging in video games.

Formal '应' and '而非'.

寒假的到来往往伴随着气温的骤降和节日的喧嚣。

The arrival of winter vacation is often accompanied by a sudden drop in temperature and the hustle and bustle of festivals.

Evocative nouns '骤降' and '喧嚣'.

他利用寒假的时间对实验室的数据进行了系统性的整理。

He used the winter vacation time to conduct a systematic organization of the laboratory data.

Professional '系统性' and '整理'.

寒假这一体制化的休憩节点，折射出东亚社会对勤勉与休闲的矛盾心态。

Winter vacation, as an institutionalized point of rest, reflects the contradictory attitude of East Asian society toward diligence and leisure.

Highly academic '体制化' and '折射'.

在文学叙事中，寒假常被赋予一种‘过渡空间’的隐喻意义。

In literary narratives, winter vacation is often endowed with a metaphorical meaning of a 'transitional space.'

Literary theory terms '叙事' and '隐喻'.

纵观历史，寒假的长短变迁与国家能源供应和教育改革息息相关。

Throughout history, the changes in the length of winter vacation have been closely related to national energy supply and educational reforms.

Idiom '息息相关' and formal '纵观'.

寒假期间的阶层差异在教育资源的博弈中显得尤为刺眼。

Class differences during winter vacation appear particularly glaring in the gambit for educational resources.

Sociological terms '阶层差异' and '博弈'.

与其说寒假是学期的终点，不如说是下一次竞争的隐形起点。

Rather than saying winter vacation is the end of the semester, it is better described as the invisible starting point of the next competition.

Rhetorical structure '与其说...不如说...'.

寒假期间的‘空巢’校园与往日的喧哗形成了鲜明的对比。

The 'empty nest' campus during winter vacation forms a sharp contrast with the usual clamor.

Metaphorical use of '空巢'.

对于偏远地区的学生而言，寒假或许是唯一能与父母团聚的温情时刻。

For students in remote areas, winter vacation may be the only warm moment to reunite with parents.

Emotive and formal '而言' and '或许'.

寒假的消解与重构，反映了在全球化背景下传统节庆功能的异化。

The dissolution and reconstruction of winter vacation reflect the alienation of traditional festival functions in the context of globalization.

Advanced philosophical terms '消解', '重构', '异化'.

Collocations courantes

放寒假

寒假作业

过寒假

寒假期间

寒假计划

寒假班

寒假旅行

期待寒假

寒假结束

寒假生活

Phrases Courantes

寒假快乐

— A standard greeting used to wish someone a happy winter break.

祝你寒假快乐！

寒假通知

— The official announcement from a school regarding the dates of the break.

学校发了寒假通知。

寒假返校

— Returning to school after the winter vacation has ended.

寒假返校的时间是二月十号。

寒假补习

— Taking extra classes or tutoring during the winter break.

他整个寒假都在补习数学。

寒假社会实践

— Volunteering or work experience tasks assigned during the break.

我们要完成寒假社会实践报告。

寒假实习

— A short internship undertaken by university students during the winter.

他在寒假找了一份实习工作。

寒假兼职

— Part-time work specifically done during the winter break period.

寒假兼职可以赚点零花钱。

寒假高峰

— The peak travel or shopping period during the winter vacation.

现在是寒假高峰期，到处都是人。

寒假余额

— Slang for the amount of vacation time left; often used jokingly.

你的寒假余额不足，请尽快写作业。

寒假倒计时

— The countdown leading up to the start of the winter break.

进入寒假倒计时，我太兴奋了。

Souvent confondu avec

寒假 vs 暑假

Summer vacation. Both involve '假' but the first character specifies the season.

寒假 vs 假期

General holiday. 寒假 is a specific type of 假期.

寒假 vs 请假

To ask for leave. This is a verb, while 寒假 is a noun.

Expressions idiomatiques

"寒暑易节"

— The changing of winter and summer; the passage of time.

寒暑易节，转眼间他已经毕业了。

Literary

"岁寒知松柏"

— Only when the year grows cold (winter) do we see the qualities of the pine and cypress; true character is revealed in hardship.

岁寒知松柏，在这场危机中他表现得很勇敢。

Literary

"天寒地冻"

— The sky is cold and the ground is frozen; describing extreme winter weather.

寒假期间，北方天寒地冻，非常适合滑雪。

Descriptive

"嘘寒问暖"

— To inquire after someone's well-being with great care (literally 'asking about cold and warmth').

寒假回家，亲戚们总是对我嘘寒问暖。

Idiomatic

"寒来暑往"

— Winter comes and summer goes; the succession of seasons.

寒来暑往，在这个学校我已经待了三年。

Literary

"如履薄冰"

— As if treading on thin ice; to be extremely cautious, often associated with winter conditions.

在寒假的山路上开车，真是如履薄冰。

Idiomatic

"雪中送炭"

— To send charcoal in the snow; to provide timely help in someone's hour of need.

他在我寒假生病时照顾我，真是雪中送炭。

Idiomatic

"冰天雪地"

— A world of ice and snow.

寒假里的哈尔滨是一片冰天雪地。

Descriptive

"冬日可爱"

— As lovable as the winter sun; describing a person who is warm and kind.

她的性格就像冬日可爱，让人感到温暖。

Literary

"傲雪凌霜"

— Braving the snow and defying the frost; having a strong and unyielding character.

梅花在寒假里傲雪凌霜地开放。

Literary

Facile à confondre

寒假 vs 暑假 (shǔjià)

Both are long school breaks.

寒假 is in winter; 暑假 is in summer. 寒 means cold; 暑 means heat.

冬天放寒假，夏天放暑假。

寒假 vs 休假 (xiūjià)

Both mean taking a break.

休假 is usually for employees; 寒假 is for students.

爸爸在休假，我在放寒假。

寒假 vs 春节 (chūnjié)

They happen at the same time.

春节 is the specific holiday; 寒假 is the whole vacation period.

寒假里我们过春节。

寒假 vs 假期 (jiàqī)

Synonyms for 'holiday'.

假期 is general; 寒假 is specific to winter school break.

寒假是一个很长的假期。

寒假 vs 假 (jiǎ)

Same character, different tone.

jià (4th tone) means vacation; jiǎ (3rd tone) means fake.

这个假(jiǎ)发是我在寒假(jià)买 dry 的。

Structures de phrases

我喜欢寒假。

I like winter vacation.

寒假快乐！

Happy winter vacation!

寒假放[Duration]。

寒假放三周。

寒假我要去[Place]。

寒假我要去上海。

趁着寒假，[Action]。

趁着寒假，我想学做饭。

[Subject]在寒假期间[Action]。

他在寒假期间打工。

虽然寒假很短，但是[Result]。

虽然寒假很短，但是很有意思。

寒假的到来意味着[Meaning]。

寒假的到来意味着团圆。

Famille de mots

Noms

假期 (jiàqī)

假条 (jiàtiáo)

寒潮 (háncháo)

寒气 (hánqì)

Verbes

请假 (qǐngjià)

度假 (dùjià)

防寒 (fánghán)

Adjectifs

寒冷 (hánlěng)

严寒 (yánhán)

虚假 (xūjiǎ)

Apparenté

暑假 (shǔjià)

学期 (xuéqī)

春节 (chūnjié)

寒冬 (hándōng)

放假 (fàngjià)

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour voir tous les exemples

Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Extremely frequent during the winter months (Dec-Feb).

Erreurs courantes

Pronouncing 假 as 'jiǎ'. → jià
The 3rd tone means 'fake'; the 4th tone means 'vacation'.
Saying '我有寒假' for 'I have winter break'. → 我放寒假。
In Chinese, schools 'release' the break to students using the verb '放'.
Using 寒假 for a worker's time off. → 年假 or 请假
寒假 is strictly academic. Workers use different terms for leave.
Placing '寒假' after the verb. → 寒假我去北京。 (Time before action)
Time words in Chinese usually come before the verb.
Confusing 寒假 with 暑假 in winter. → 寒假
Remember '寒' is cold (winter), '暑' is heat (summer).

Astuces

Verb Usage

Always pair 寒假 with '放' (fàng) for 'having' the break. Don't say '我有寒假', say '我们放寒假'.

New Year Connection

When talking about 寒假, mentioning '春节' (Spring Festival) makes you sound more culturally aware.

Tone Accuracy

Practice the 2nd tone on 'hán' (rising) and the 4th tone on 'jià' (falling) repeatedly.

Homework Term

Learn '寒假作业' as a single phrase, as it's a very common topic of complaint and conversation.

Character Structure

In '寒', ensure the top 'roof' part covers the inside elements properly. It represents a shelter from the cold.

Greetings

Using '寒假快乐' is a great way to build rapport with Chinese students or teachers in winter.

Booking Ahead

In China, 寒假 is the busiest travel time. Use the phrase '春运' to discuss the travel rush during the break.

North vs South

Mentioning that northern 寒假 is longer shows you understand Chinese geography and climate.

Vacation Balance

The phrase '寒假余额' is a fun, modern way to talk about how much time is left in the break.

Setting Goals

Use 寒假 as a milestone for your Chinese studies. '寒假前我要学完这本书' (I want to finish this book before winter break).

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'HAN' (hand) reaching for a warm coat because it's cold, and 'JIA' sounding like 'job's away'—no work/school!

Association visuelle

Imagine a snowflake (寒) falling on a calendar page that has been marked 'X' (假) for no school.

Word Web

Snow Lunar New Year No School Homework Dumplings Red Envelopes Skiing Travel

Défi

Try to use '寒假' in three different sentences: one about the weather, one about your plans, and one about homework.

Origine du mot

The word is a modern compound. '寒' (hán) is an ancient pictograph showing a person in a house with straw and ice, representing cold. '假' (jià) originally meant 'borrowed' or 'temporary,' which evolved into the meaning of 'leave' or 'vacation' (temporary time off).

Sens originel : Cold vacation; a temporary break during the freezing season.

Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic).

Contexte culturel

Be aware that for some students from low-income families, 寒假 might not involve travel but rather helping with farm work or family businesses.

English speakers often use 'Winter Break' or 'Christmas Break.' Note that 寒假 is longer and usually happens later than Christmas.

The movie 'Last Train Home' depicts the struggle of travel during the period involving 寒假. Many 'Coming of Age' Chinese novels use the quiet of 寒假 as a setting for character reflection. Pop songs often mention 寒假 as a nostalgic time of childhood.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

At School

什么时候放寒假？
寒假作业多吗？
寒假通知发了吗？
寒假快乐！

At Home

寒假想吃什么？
寒假别总打游戏。
我们要回老家过寒假。
寒假计划写好了吗？

Travel Agency

寒假旅游线路
学生寒假优惠
寒假去哪里滑雪？
寒假期间机票紧张。

On Social Media

寒假倒计时
我的寒假生活
寒假打卡
寒假余额不足

Job Interview (for students)

我寒假可以实习。
寒假兼职经历
寒假期间有时间。
寒假能全职工作。

Amorces de conversation

"你今年寒假打算怎么过？ (How do you plan to spend your winter vacation this year?)"

"你们学校什么时候开始放寒假？ (When does your school start winter vacation?)"

"你觉得寒假作业是不是太多了？ (Do you think there is too much winter vacation homework?)"

"寒假你最想去哪个城市旅游？ (Which city do you most want to travel to during winter vacation?)"

"你更喜欢寒假还是暑假？ (Do you prefer winter vacation or summer vacation?)"

Sujets d'écriture

写一写你最难忘的一次寒假经历。 (Write about your most unforgettable winter vacation experience.)

如果你可以决定寒假的长短，你会怎么安排？ (If you could decide the length of winter vacation, how would you arrange it?)

描述一下你理想中的寒假生活。 (Describe your ideal winter vacation life.)

谈谈寒假期间中国春运的现象。 (Talk about the phenomenon of Spring Festival travel during winter vacation.)

寒假里你最喜欢做的一件事是什么？为什么？ (What is the one thing you like doing most during winter vacation? Why?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

In China, a typical 寒假 lasts between 3 to 5 weeks. It depends on the school and the region. Northern schools usually have longer breaks because of the cold weather, sometimes up to 7 weeks, while southern schools might only have 3 weeks.

No, 寒假 is specifically an academic break. Students and teachers get a 寒假. Working professionals only get the official public holiday for the Spring Festival, which is usually 7 days long, though many take extra 'annual leave' (年假) to extend it.

It starts about one to two weeks before the Lunar New Year. Since the Lunar New Year date changes every year, the start date of 寒假 also shifts, but it is generally in late January or early February.

Yes, '寒假作业' (winter break homework) is very common. Students often have workbooks for every subject to complete before they return to school. However, recent government policies have been trying to reduce this burden.

Not exactly. Spring Break in the US is usually in March or April and is only one week long. 寒假 is longer and occurs earlier, centered around the Lunar New Year in winter.

You use 寒假 to refer to the time period. If you want to say 'winter trip,' you would say '寒假旅行' (winter vacation travel). Example: '我打算去寒假旅行' is incorrect; say '我打算寒假去旅行'.

The most common activity is going back to one's hometown to celebrate the Spring Festival with family, eating traditional foods, and visiting relatives.

While there isn't a food for the 'vacation' itself, the foods of the Spring Festival (which happens during 寒假) are essential, such as dumplings (饺子), fish (鱼), and rice cakes (年糕).

You can say '寒假结束' (hánjià jiéshù). When school starts again, it is called '开学' (kāixué).

Because '寒' means 'cold.' It signifies that this is the vacation that takes place during the coldest part of the year.

Inscris-toi gratuitement pour les astuces et notes