विशेषण: -ed बनाम -ing (भावना बनाम कारण)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -ed for how you feel and -ing for the thing or person that makes you feel that way.
- Use -ed to describe an internal emotion or state, like 'I am bored' (max 20 words).
- Use -ing to describe the characteristic of a thing, like 'The movie is boring'.
- People can be both: 'He is bored' (feeling) vs 'He is boring' (personality).
Overview
-ed और -ing वाले विशेषणों का सही इस्तेमाल बहुत मायने रखता है। हिंदी में हम अक्सर एक ही क्रिया से काम चला लेते हैं, जैसे 'मैं बोर हो रहा हूँ' (I am bored) और 'यह फिल्म बोरिंग है' (This film is boring)। लेकिन इंग्लिश में इन दोनों के बीच का अंतर व्याकरण की दृष्टि से बहुत गहरा है।-ed का उपयोग करते हैं, तो आप यह बता रहे हैं कि कोई व्यक्ति या प्राणी कैसा 'महसूस' कर रहा है। वहीं, जब आप -ing का उपयोग करते हैं, तो आप यह बता रहे हैं कि वह चीज़ या व्यक्ति किसी और में क्या 'भावना पैदा' कर रहा है। इसे समझना इसलिए ज़रूरी है क्योंकि अगर आप गलती से खुद के लिए -ing का प्रयोग कर देंगे, तो अर्थ का अनर्थ हो सकता है। जैसे, अगर आप 'I am boring' कहेंगे, तो इसका मतलब होगा 'मैं एक उबाऊ इंसान हूँ', जबकि आप शायद कहना चाह रहे थे कि 'मैं बोर हो गया हूँ' (I am bored)। यह सूक्ष्म अंतर ही एक B2 लेवल के छात्र को एक सामान्य बोलने वाले से अलग बनाता है।-ed और -ing शब्द दरअसल 'Participles' से बने हैं।- 1
-ing(Present Participle): यह 'Active' या 'Causative' (कारण बताने वाला) होता है। जब कोई चीज़ या व्यक्ति किसी भावना का 'स्रोत' (Source) होता है, तो हम-ingलगाते हैं। हिंदी में इसे 'कारक' या 'उत्प्रेरक' कह सकते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, यदि कोई फिल्म आपको मज़ा दे रही है, तो वह फिल्म 'interesting' है। यहाँ फिल्म 'कर्ता' है जो भावना पैदा कर रही है।
- 1
-ed(Past Participle): यह 'Passive' या 'Receptive' (प्राप्त करने वाला) होता है। जब कोई व्यक्ति किसी भावना को 'महसूस' कर रहा होता है, तो वह 'Experiencer' (अनुभव करने वाला) बन जाता है। हिंदी में हम इसे अक्सर 'कर्ता' के साथ 'को' या 'से' लगाकर बताते हैं (जैसे: मुझे डर लग रहा है)। इंग्लिश में, वह व्यक्ति खुद उस भावना का 'शिकार' या 'पात्र' होता है, इसलिए हम-edलगाते हैं।
-ed का प्रयोग केवल भावना बताने के लिए होता है। इसे ऐसे सोचें: -ing = 'क्या क्वालिटी है?' (What is the quality?), और -ed = 'कैसा महसूस हो रहा है?' (How does it feel?). यह 'Active vs Passive' का खेल है, जहाँ -ing सक्रिय है और -ed ग्रहण करने वाला है।- यदि क्रिया के अंत में 'e' है, तो उसे हटाकर
-ingया-edजोड़ें (जैसे:Amuse→Amusing/Amused)। - यदि क्रिया के अंत में 'CVC' (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant) पैटर्न है, तो अंतिम अक्षर को डबल करें (जैसे:
Stun→Stunning/Stunned)।
-ed का प्रयोग तब करें जब आप किसी इंसान या प्राणी के 'अंदरूनी हाल' (Internal State) के बारे में बात कर रहे हों। जैसे, 'I am exhausted after the long meeting' (मैं मीटिंग के बाद थका हुआ हूँ)। यहाँ 'exhausted' मेरी स्थिति है।-ing का प्रयोग तब करें जब आप किसी चीज़ या व्यक्ति की 'विशेषता' (Characteristic) बता रहे हों। जैसे, 'The meeting was exhausting' (मीटिंग थका देने वाली थी)। यहाँ 'exhausting' मीटिंग का गुण है।- 1गलत आत्म-वर्णन: हिंदी भाषी अक्सर 'I am boring' बोल देते हैं क्योंकि उन्हें लगता है कि यह 'I am feeling bored' का अनुवाद है। यह L1 interference है क्योंकि हिंदी में हम 'बोर' शब्द का प्रयोग दोनों के लिए करते हैं। याद रखें:
-ingखुद के लिए इस्तेमाल करने का मतलब है कि आप दूसरों को बोर कर रहे हैं।
- 1निर्जीव वस्तुओं के साथ
-edका प्रयोग: छात्र अक्सर कहते हैं 'The movie was bored'। यह गलत है क्योंकि फिल्म खुद भावना महसूस नहीं कर सकती। फिल्म 'boring' होती है, दर्शक 'bored' होते हैं।
- 1Linking Verb को भूलना: लोग अक्सर 'I frustrated' कह देते हैं। जैसे हिंदी में 'मैं परेशान' कहना काफी है, इंग्लिश में 'I am frustrated' कहना ज़रूरी है। यहाँ 'am' (linking verb) का होना अनिवार्य है।
- 1क्या इंसान के लिए
-ingका प्रयोग कभी नहीं हो सकता?
- 1क्या
-edऔर-ingके अलावा भी कोई और तरीका है?
-ed/-ing का प्रयोग अधिक प्रभावी और संक्षिप्त माना जाता है।- 1क्या ये नियम सभी क्रियाओं पर लागू होते हैं?
Verb to Adjective Transformation
| Base Verb | -ed Adjective (Feeling) | -ing Adjective (Cause) |
|---|---|---|
|
Amaze
|
Amazed
|
Amazing
|
|
Bore
|
Bored
|
Boring
|
|
Confuse
|
Confused
|
Confusing
|
|
Disappoint
|
Disappointed
|
Disappointing
|
|
Excite
|
Excited
|
Exciting
|
|
Fascinate
|
Fascinated
|
Fascinating
|
|
Interest
|
Interested
|
Interesting
|
|
Relax
|
Relaxed
|
Relaxing
|
|
Satisfy
|
Satisfied
|
Satisfying
|
|
Tire
|
Tired
|
Tiring
|
Meanings
Participial adjectives are adjectives derived from verbs that describe either the person experiencing an emotion or the thing causing it.
Internal States (-ed)
Describes the person who is experiencing the emotion or physical state.
“She felt exhausted after the marathon.”
“Are you worried about the exam?”
External Characteristics (-ing)
Describes the thing, situation, or person that triggers the emotion.
“The marathon was exhausting.”
“The exam results were worrying.”
Personality Traits
Using -ing to describe a person's permanent character rather than a temporary feeling.
“He is a very interesting professor.”
“Don't be so annoying!”
Reference Table
| विशेषण का प्रकार | यह क्या बताता है | आमतौर पर सब्जेक्ट | उदाहरण |
|---|---|---|---|
|
-ed adjective
|
How someone feels
|
People, sometimes animals
|
I am `bored`.
|
|
-ing adjective
|
What causes the feeling
|
Things, situations, people
|
The book is `boring`.
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
I was utterly exhausted by the proceedings. (Work/Energy levels)
I was very tired after the meeting. (Work/Energy levels)
I was totally wiped out. (Work/Energy levels)
I'm beat / I'm knackered. (Work/Energy levels)
-ED बनाम -ING विशेषण: मुख्य विचार
-ED विशेषण
- Bored व्यक्तिगत भावना या प्रतिक्रिया का वर्णन करता है।
- Excited विषय की भावनात्मक स्थिति पर केंद्रित है।
- Tired लोगों (और कभी-कभी जानवरों) पर लागू होता है।
-ING विशेषण
- Boring किसी भावना को पैदा करने वाली चीज़ की विशेषता का वर्णन करता है।
- Exciting किसी चीज़, व्यक्ति या स्थिति के गुण पर केंद्रित है।
- Tiring भावना पैदा करने वाली चीज़ों, स्थितियों या लोगों पर लागू होता है।
भावना (-ED) बनाम कारण (-ING) विशेषण
-ED या -ING विशेषण चुनना
क्या विशेषण एक भावनात्मक स्थिति का वर्णन कर रहा है?
क्या विशेषण यह वर्णन कर रहा है कि भावनात्मक स्थिति का 'कारण' क्या है?
सामान्य -ED बनाम -ING युग्म
भावना (-ED)
- • Bored
- • Excited
- • Interested
- • Tired
- • Annoyed
- • Confused
- • Surprised
- • Frustrated
कारण (-ING)
- • Boring
- • Exciting
- • Interesting
- • Tiring
- • Annoying
- • Confusing
- • Surprising
- • Frustrating
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
I am tired.
The book is boring.
Are you happy or bored?
This game is exciting!
She was surprised by the gift.
The news was very surprising.
I don't like this movie; it's frightening.
The frightened cat hid under the bed.
I'm interested in learning more about history.
History is an interesting subject.
We were exhausted after the long flight.
The 12-hour flight was exhausting.
The results of the study were quite disappointing.
The disappointed fans left the stadium early.
It's an annoying habit, but he's a good person.
I get so annoyed when people talk during movies.
The sheer scale of the project was overwhelming.
I felt overwhelmed by the amount of work.
His performance was nothing short of captivating.
The audience sat captivated throughout the play.
The witness gave a harrowing account of the accident.
She was visibly harrowed by the experience.
The intricate plot was incredibly involving.
The reader becomes deeply involved in the characters' lives.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners think 'I am boring' is always the verb 'to bore'.
Both use the past participle (-ed).
Some words like 'scary' exist alongside 'scaring'.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
I am very boring.
I am very bored.
The movie is bored.
The movie is boring.
I am exciting!
I am excited!
It was a tired day.
It was a tiring day.
Are you interesting in music?
Are you interested in music?
The news was shocked.
The news was shocking.
I am confusing.
I am confused.
I was disappointing with the service.
I was disappointed with the service.
The lesson was so bored.
The lesson was so boring.
He is an interested person.
He is an interesting person.
The situation was quite embarrassed.
The situation was quite embarrassing.
I felt very satisfying after the meal.
I felt very satisfied after the meal.
The results were amazed.
The results were amazing.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
I am ___ (-ed) because the ___ is ___ (-ing).
The most ___ (-ing) thing about my job is ___.
I was ___ (-ed) to hear that the situation was so ___ (-ing).
Never have I been so ___ (-ed) by such a ___ (-ing) performance.
Real World Usage
The plot was confusing, but the acting was amazing.
I am very interested in your company's mission.
I am very disappointed with the quality of this product.
This sunset is so inspiring! #blessed
I've been feeling very tired and exhausted lately.
The findings were surprising, given the initial hypothesis.
The view from the top was breathtaking and exciting.
I had a really interesting time tonight; you're a fascinating person.
पूछो: कारण या भावना?
Is the movie boring?or
Am I bored?खुद को बुरा मत कहो!
I am boring (मैं उबाऊ हूँ) और I am bored (मैं बोर हो गया हूँ) में।सब्जेक्ट से मिलाओ
He is tired. (वह थका हुआ है) और The work is tiring.(काम थकाने वाला है)।
इंग्लिश में भावनाएँ
I am frustrated with the project.(मैं प्रोजेक्ट से निराश हूँ)।
Smart Tips
Default to -ed. It is much more common to talk about your feelings than to describe yourself as a 'source' of something.
Always use -ing. These things don't have brains, so they can't have -ed feelings.
Replace 'good' or 'bad' with specific participial adjectives like 'captivating', 'harrowing', or 'stunning'.
Remember the preposition 'in'. It's almost always 'interested in [something]'.
उच्चारण
-ed endings
The -ed can be pronounced as /t/, /d/, or /ɪd/. For example, 'relaxed' ends in /t/, 'tired' in /d/, and 'excited' in /ɪd/.
-ing nasal
The 'g' in -ing is usually not a hard 'g'. It's a soft nasal sound /ŋ/.
Emphasis on the adjective
That was SO boring! (Arrow up on SO)
Conveys strong emotion or exaggeration.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
ED is for the End-user of the feeling. ING is for the Initiator of the feeling.
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a battery. The -ING is the charger (the thing giving the energy/feeling), and the -ED is the phone (the thing receiving the energy/feeling).
Rhyme
If it's how you feel, -ED is the deal. If it's what you see, -ING it must be!
Story
Ed was a very tired man. He had a very tiring job at the 'Ing' factory. Every day, the 'Ing' machines made an annoying sound, which made Ed feel very annoyed. By the end of the day, Ed was exhausted because the work was exhausting.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Look around the room. Find one thing that is 'interesting' and explain why you are 'interested' in it out loud.
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
Brits often use 'knackered' (slang for exhausted) or 'gutted' (slang for very disappointed).
Americans frequently use 'bummed' or 'bummed out' for disappointed.
In international business, using 'challenging' instead of 'difficult' or 'annoying' is seen as more positive and professional.
These forms derive from the Old English present participle (-ende) and past participle (-ed/-en).
बातचीत की शुरुआत
What is the most exciting place you have ever visited?
Tell me about a time you were very embarrassed.
What kind of books do you find most interesting?
Have you ever been disappointed by a movie you expected to be great?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
The new video game is incredibly ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
I am boring of this long meeting.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'El viaje fue agotador y nos sentimos agotados.'
Answer starts with: ["T...
Score: /4
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesI was so ___ when I heard the news.
This lesson is so ___; I'm almost asleep.
Find and fix the mistake:
Are you interesting in going to the museum?
The marathon exhausted the runners. -> The runners were ___.
1. A frightening dog / 2. A confusing map / 3. An exciting trip
I am a very ___ worker and I'm always ___ to learn new things.
A: Did you see the documentary? B: Yes, it was ___. I was ___ by the photography.
'The news was very disappointed.'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesShe was really ___ after the long flight.
This horror movie is genuinely ___.
The news about the exam results was worried.
I find his constant complaining very frustrated.
Choose the correct sentence:
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Me siento avergonzado por mi error embarazoso.'
Translate into English: 'Su entusiasmo fue contagioso, y pronto nos sentimos entusiasmados.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the adjectives with what they describe:
The documentary about ancient civilizations was truly ___.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /13
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
Yes! If you say `He is boring`, you are describing his personality—he makes other people feel bored. If you say `He is bored`, you are describing his current feeling.
Yes, you can use `very`, `quite`, `extremely`, or `really` with participial adjectives (e.g., `very interested`). This is a good way to tell them apart from verbs.
Some do not. For example, we use `scary` more often than `scaring`, though `scared` is common for the feeling.
Because `tired` is your feeling. `Tiring` would mean you are the one making other people sleepy!
No, `fun` is a regular adjective. We don't say `funned` or `funning` in this way.
Both are -ed adjectives, but `exhausted` is much stronger. It means `extremely tired`.
No. In English, -ing adjectives describe the source. If you want to use a verb for a feeling, you'd use the continuous tense: `I am hurting` (not a participial adjective).
It can be a verb (`This is interesting me`), but it is much more commonly used as an adjective.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
ser/estar + aburrido
English changes the adjective ending; Spanish changes the 'to be' verb.
intéressant / intéressé
The logic is almost identical, making it easy for French speakers.
Partizip I / Partizip II
German adjectives also require case endings (e.g., ein langweilig-er Film).
~te iru / specific adjectives
Japanese doesn't use a simple suffix change on a single root word.
Ism al-Fa'il / Ism al-Maful
The words are formed through complex root patterns rather than simple suffixes.
Modifier + Noun / Feeling verbs
No morphological change (no suffixes) in Chinese.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
संबंधित वीडियो
Matthew McConaughey picks up a girl in 40 seconds
Jim Pranking Dwight for 12 Minutes Straight - The Office US
30 Facts You Didn't Know About No Country for Old Men
English Grammar | -ed vs -ing Adjectives | Confused vs Confusing | Bored vs Boring | Excited vs Exciting
English with Awal
ED vs ING Adjectives | English Grammar in Hindi | Confused vs Confusing | Bored vs Boring
Spoken English Guru
Related Grammar Rules
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