सापेक्ष क्रियाविशेषण (कहाँ, कब, क्यों)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Relative adverbs connect a clause to a noun (place, time, or reason) to provide more detail without repeating the noun.
- Use `where` for places: 'The cafe where we met.' (max 20 words)
- Use `when` for times: 'The day when it rained.'
- Use `why` for reasons: 'The reason why I called.'
Overview
where ड्रिंक्स महंगे हैं लेकिन सूर्यास्त का नजारा इंस्टाग्राम पोस्ट के लिए पूरी तरह से लायक है? यदि ऐसा है, तो आपने पहले ही संबंधवाचक क्रियाविशेषणों (relative adverbs) की आवश्यकता महसूस कर ली है। ये तीन छोटे शब्द—where, when, और why—अंग्रेजी भाषा के परम सामाजिक स्नेहक हैं। वे भारी और दोहराव वाले वाक्यों को लेते हैं और उन्हें कुछ ऐसा बनाते हैं जो प्राकृतिक, पेशेवर और परिष्कृत लगता है। B2 स्तर पर, आप केवल तथ्यों को बताने से आगे बढ़ रहे हैं; आप विचारों को जोड़ रहे हैं। संबंधवाचक क्रियाविशेषण पुलों के रूप में कार्य करते हैं, जो एक संज्ञा (जैसे स्थान, समय या कारण) को उस खंड से जोड़ते हैं जो इसके बारे में अधिक जानकारी देता है। उनके बिना, हम सभी पहली पीढ़ी के AI चैटबॉट्स की तरह लगेंगे। "This is the office.where I work." बहुत बेहतर। यह एक पुराने फोन से नवीनतम स्मार्टफोन में अपग्रेड करने जैसा है—सब कुछ तेजी से जुड़ता है और बेहतर दिखता है। साथ ही, नौकरी के साक्षात्कार में या अपने मकान मालिक को यह बताने के लिए कि why सिंक फिर से लीक हो रहा है, इनका सही ढंग से उपयोग करना एक बड़ा प्लस है।How This Grammar Works
which (जैसे in which, at which, या for which) का उपयोग करते हैं। हालांकि यह व्याकरणिक रूप से सही है, लेकिन यह ऐसा लग सकता है जैसे आपने पिछवाड़े के BBQ में टक्सीडो पहना हो—दैनिक जीवन के लिए थोड़ा बहुत औपचारिक। संबंधवाचक क्रियाविशेषण चीजों को अधिक संवादात्मक बनाने के लिए आते हैं। Where स्थानों के लिए in/at which की जगह लेता है। When समय के लिए in/on/at which की जगह लेता है। Why कारणों के लिए for which की जगह लेता है।The gym in which I train is great, लेकिन आपको शायद अजीब लुक मिलेंगे। इसके बजाय, आप कहते हैं, The gym where I train is great. संबंधवाचक क्रियाविशेषण where पूर्वसर्ग और सर्वनाम दोनों का काम करता है। यह संज्ञा gym की ओर वापस इशारा करता है और विवरण I train पेश करता है। यह कुशल है, साफ है, और आपको अपने वाक्यों के अंत में पूर्वसर्गों पर फिसलने से बचाता है। एक बात याद रखें: ये क्रियाविशेषण हमेशा एक संज्ञा के पीछे आते हैं। वे सिर्फ तैर नहीं रहे हैं; वे एक विशिष्ट स्थान, समय या कारण से जुड़े हुए हैं। यदि आपके पास वह संज्ञा नहीं है, तो वे प्रश्नवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (जिनका उपयोग हम प्रश्नों के लिए करते हैं) के रूप में कार्य कर रहे हो सकते हैं।
Formation Pattern
where, when, या why)।
where | This is the cafe where we met. | यह वह कैफे है जहाँ हम मिले थे।
when | I remember the day when it rained. | मुझे वह दिन याद है जब बारिश हुई थी।
why | That’s the reason why I’m late. | यही कारण है कि मुझे देर हो गई।
why को पूरी तरह से छोड़ सकते हैं!)
why I'm late."
for which I am late." (यदि आप कानूनी दस्तावेज लिख रहे हैं तो इसका उपयोग करें)।
Where = मानचित्र पिन (स्थान)
When = कैलेंडर प्रविष्टि (समय)
Why = विचार बुलबुला (कारण)
where उन्होंने वह वायरल टिकटॉक फिल्माया था।»
ओह, वही where बंदर आपका धूप का चश्मा चुरा लेते हैं?
बिल्कुल! यही कारण है why मैं अपनी रे-बैन नहीं लाया।
क्या कोई कारण है why आपका कैमरा बंद है?
क्षमा करें, मैं एक सह-कार्यस्थल (co-working space) में हूँ where आज इंटरनेट थोड़ा खराब है।
This is the park where we played.
when का उपयोग करें। 90 का दशक वह समय था when हर कोई नियॉन पहनता था।
why का उपयोग करें। «क्या आप प्रशिक्षु (intern) को दोष दिए बिना प्रोजेक्ट में देरी का कारण why समझा सकते हैं?»
When To Use It
- स्थानों के लिए:
house,city,room,website, या यहाँ तक किsituationजैसी संज्ञाओं के साथwhereका उपयोग करें। हाँ, एक «स्थिति» भी एक «जहाँ» हो सकती है! "I'm in a situationwhereI need your help." - समय के लिए:
day,year,moment,age, याeraजैसी संज्ञाओं के साथwhenका उपयोग करें।I love the moment
whenthe weekend finally starts. - कारणों के लिए:
whyका उपयोग लगभग विशेष रूप से संज्ञाreasonके बाद करें। यह सिर्फ उसी एक शब्द के लिए एक विशेष उपकरण की तरह है।There are many reasons
whyyou should learn English.
Common Mistakes
where बनाम which का मुकाबला है।The house where I bought is expensive.The house which I bought is expensive.The house where I live is expensive.which का उपयोग करें। यदि संज्ञा क्रिया का स्थान है (आप घर *में* रहते हैं), तो where का उपयोग करें। एक त्वरित परीक्षण? अंत में in it जोड़ने का प्रयास करें। यदि यह समझ में आता है, तो where का उपयोग करें।where का उपयोग करना है।The year where I graduated...The year when I graduated...Contrast With Similar Patterns
संबंधवाचक क्रियाविशेषण संबंधवाचक सर्वनामों से कैसे भिन्न होते हैं?
1. संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम (who, which, that): ये खंड के कर्ता या कर्म के रूप में कार्य करते हैं।
The car which is red...
2. संबंधवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (where, when, why): ये क्रियाविशेषण के रूप में कार्य करते हैं। वे हमें परिस्थितियों (स्थान, समय, कारण) के बारे में बताते हैं।
Quick FAQ
when के बजाय that का उपयोग कर सकता हूँ?The day that we met बहुत आम है।The reason why... कहना अनावश्यक है?where का उपयोग कर सकता हूँ जो भौतिक स्थान नहीं हैं?books या movies के लिए उपयोग कर सकते हैं।Relative Adverb Sentence Structure
| Noun Type | Relative Adverb | Subject | Verb Phrase | Full Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Place
|
where
|
I
|
work
|
The office where I work is nearby.
|
|
Time
|
when
|
she
|
arrived
|
The day when she arrived was cold.
|
|
Reason
|
why
|
they
|
left
|
The reason why they left is unknown.
|
|
Place (Abstract)
|
where
|
we
|
stand
|
The point where we stand is critical.
|
|
Time (Specific)
|
when
|
the bell
|
rings
|
The moment when the bell rings...
|
Omission of Relative Adverbs (Informal)
| Full Form | Short Form (Omitted) | Naturalness |
|---|---|---|
|
The reason why I'm here
|
The reason I'm here
|
Very Natural
|
|
The day when we met
|
The day we met
|
Very Natural
|
|
The place where I live
|
The place I live
|
Common (but 'where' is safer)
|
Meanings
Relative adverbs introduce relative clauses that modify a noun. They function as a replacement for a preposition + 'which' (e.g., 'in which', 'at which', 'for which').
Place (Where)
Used to modify a noun referring to a location or physical space.
“That is the house where I grew up.”
“We visited the park where the festival is held.”
Time (When)
Used to modify a noun referring to a specific time, date, or period.
“I'll never forget the summer when we traveled to Italy.”
“There are times when I just want to be alone.”
Reason (Why)
Used specifically after the noun 'reason' to explain a cause or motive.
“The reason why she left is still a mystery.”
“I don't know the reason why the flight was canceled.”
Reference Table
| रिलेटिव एडवर्ब | किसको दर्शाता है | उदाहरण | वैकल्पिक (औपचारिक) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
where
|
जगह (स्थान)
|
This is the city where I grew up.
|
in which / at which
|
|
when
|
समय (पल/अवधि)
|
Do you remember the day when we met?
|
on which / at which
|
|
why
|
वजह (कारण)
|
That's the reason why he left.
|
for which
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
The reason for which the meeting was postponed remains unclear. (Professional/Office)
The reason why the meeting was postponed is unclear. (Professional/Office)
The reason the meeting was moved is a mystery. (Professional/Office)
No clue why the meeting got canned. (Professional/Office)
रिलेटिव एडवर्ब: विचारों को जोड़ना
Where (जगह)
- The house where I grew up
- The city where we met
When (समय)
- The day when we first met
- The year when it happened
Why (वजह)
- The reason why she left
- That's why I'm here
रिलेटिव एडवर्ब बनाम रिलेटिव प्रोनाउन
सही रिलेटिव एडवर्ब चुनना
क्या क्लॉज़ किसी जगह के बारे में बता रहा है?
क्या क्लॉज़ किसी समय के बारे में बता रहा है?
क्या क्लॉज़ किसी वजह के बारे में बता रहा है?
रिलेटिव एडवर्ब किसकी जगह लेते हैं
'Where' इनकी जगह लेता है...
- • at which
- • in which
- • to which
- • at that place
'When' इनकी जगह लेता है...
- • at which
- • on which
- • in which
- • at that time
'Why' इनकी जगह लेता है...
- • for which
- • for that reason
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
This is the park where I play.
This is the park where I play.
I like the time when we have dinner.
I like the time when we have dinner.
That is the shop where I buy bread.
That is the shop where I buy bread.
Monday is the day when I go to school.
Monday is the day when I go to school.
Do you know the reason why she is sad?
Do you know the reason why she is sad?
I remember the year when I moved here.
I remember the year when I moved here.
This is the hospital where my brother works.
This is the hospital where my brother works.
Is there a place where we can sit down?
Is there a place where we can sit down?
The town where I grew up has changed a lot.
The town where I grew up has changed a lot.
I'll never forget the moment when I won the race.
I'll never forget the moment when I won the race.
The reason why I didn't call was that I lost my phone.
The reason why I didn't call was that I lost my phone.
We need to find a time when everyone is free.
We need to find a time when everyone is free.
It was a situation where nobody knew what to do.
It was a situation where nobody knew what to do.
There are several reasons why this project might fail.
There are several reasons why this project might fail.
The era when the internet was invented changed everything.
The era when the internet was invented changed everything.
I am looking for a job where I can use my languages.
I am looking for a job where I can use my languages.
The precise moment when the market crashed is still debated.
The precise moment when the market crashed is still debated.
We have reached a stage where further investment is required.
We have reached a stage where further investment is required.
The underlying reason why the policy failed was lack of data.
The underlying reason why the policy failed was lack of data.
This is a case where the law is not entirely clear.
This is a case where the law is not entirely clear.
The epoch when such architectural feats were possible has long passed.
The epoch when such architectural feats were possible has long passed.
One can hardly fathom the reason why such a decision was reached.
One can hardly fathom the reason why such a decision was reached.
The digital landscape is a realm where privacy is increasingly scarce.
The digital landscape is a realm where privacy is increasingly scarce.
There comes a point in every negotiation when silence is the best tool.
There comes a point in every negotiation when silence is the best tool.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners often use 'which' for places without a preposition, or 'where' with a preposition.
In time clauses, 'that' can sometimes replace 'when', but not always.
Learners use 'because' as a relative adverb.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
The house where I live in.
The house where I live.
I like the time which we play.
I like the time when we play.
The reason because I am late.
The reason why I am late.
The city where is big.
The city which is big.
That is the place when I saw him.
That is the place where I saw him.
The day where we met.
The day when we met.
The reason why is because...
The reason is that...
The situation which I found myself.
The situation where I found myself.
The year that I was born in it.
The year when I was born.
The reason why for he left.
The reason why he left.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
I remember the time when ___.
This is the place where ___.
The reason why ___ is ___.
We are looking for a situation where ___.
Real World Usage
Could you tell me about a time when you handled a conflict?
Go to the corner where the big bank is.
The city where my heart belongs.
This was an era when social norms were shifting rapidly.
I want to be in a relationship where we trust each other.
The reason why the prime minister resigned is still being debated.
सोचो 'जगह, समय, वजह'
Preposition को दोबारा मत दोहराओ
'why' का इस्तेमाल 'the reason' के बिना भी
नैचुरल फ्लो पर ध्यान दो
Smart Tips
Use 'when' to link the date to an event without needing 'in which'.
Immediately swap 'because' for 'why' or 'that'.
Use 'where' to introduce the conditions of that situation.
Drop the 'when' or 'why' entirely after the noun.
उच्चारण
Weak form of 'when'
In fast speech, 'when' is often unstressed and sounds like /wən/.
Linking 'where' and 'I'
When 'where' is followed by 'I', the 'r' is often pronounced to link the words (in rhotic and some non-rhotic accents).
Relative Clause Fall
The house where I ↘live...
The pitch usually drops slightly at the end of the relative clause before continuing the main sentence.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
Remember the '3 Ws': Where for Space, When for Time, Why for Reason.
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a map (Where), a clock (When), and a question mark (Why) all connected by bridges to a main building (the Noun).
Rhyme
Where for the place, When for the day, Why for the reason you went away.
Story
I went to a house WHERE I saw a ghost. It was a night WHEN the moon was full. That is the reason WHY I never went back.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Write three sentences about your favorite city using 'where', 'when', and 'why' in under 2 minutes.
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
Using 'where' for abstract concepts (like 'a relationship where...') is very common in modern therapy and self-help culture.
In formal British academic writing, 'in which' is often preferred over 'where' for non-physical locations.
Sometimes 'where' is used in place of 'that' in very informal regional dialects, though this is non-standard.
Relative adverbs evolved from interrogative adverbs (question words) in Old and Middle English.
बातचीत की शुरुआत
Can you describe the house where you grew up?
Is there a specific time of year when you feel most productive?
Tell me about a situation where you had to solve a difficult problem.
What are some reasons why people choose to move to a different country?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
This is the restaurant ___ we celebrated our anniversary.
Find and fix the mistake:
Tuesday is the day where we have our team meeting.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesThat is the restaurant ___ we had our first date.
Find and fix the mistake:
I don't know the reason because he is angry.
There are days ___ I feel like I can achieve anything.
This is the house. I was born in it.
The situation where I am in is very difficult.
In a case ___ the rules are broken, there will be a fine.
A: Why are you so late? B: The reason ___ I'm late is that my car broke down.
never / I / the / when / will / day / forget / we / met
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesDo you recall the year ___ we all got new phones?
This is the cafe which I like to read in.
सही वाक्य चुनो:
Translate into English: 'Esa es la ciudad donde se filmó la película.'
इन शब्दों को एक वाक्य में व्यवस्थित करो:
संज्ञाओं को सही रिलेटिव एडवर्ब से मिलाओ:
She couldn't recall the exact circumstances ___ she made that promise.
Is this the restaurant why you recommended?
कौन सा वाक्य रिलेटिव एडवर्ब का सही इस्तेमाल करता है?
Translate into English: 'El día cuando nos conocimos fue un martes.'
इन शब्दों को एक वाक्य में व्यवस्थित करो:
क्लॉज़ को उनके उपयुक्त एडवर्ब से मिलाओ:
Score: /12
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
Yes, in many cases 'that' can replace 'when' in restrictive relative clauses, e.g., 'The day that we met'. However, 'when' is more precise.
No, at a B2 level you should use 'where' for abstract places like 'situations', 'stages', or 'points in a discussion'.
Because 'where' already means 'in which'. Saying 'where... in' is like saying 'in which... in', which is redundant.
It is much less common to omit 'where'. While you can say 'The place I live', it often sounds better to keep 'where'.
'In which' is more formal and used in academic writing. 'Where' is neutral and used in everyday speech.
Yes, but it then becomes a nominal relative clause, e.g., 'Why he left is a mystery.' As a relative adverb, it almost always follows 'reason'.
Yes, but it is archaic. It means 'from where'. You will only see it in old literature or the Bible.
Only if it is a non-defining clause (adding extra info), e.g., 'I live in London, where the weather is often grey.'
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
donde / cuando
Spanish 'donde' can be used with prepositions like 'en donde', whereas English 'where' usually stands alone.
où
French uses one word ('où') for both place and time, while English distinguishes between 'where' and 'when'.
wo / wann
German relative time markers change based on tense, unlike English 'when'.
Relative clause + noun (no adverb)
Japanese has no equivalent to 'where/when/why' connectors; the word order alone does the work.
haythu / 'indama
Arabic relative clauses often repeat the object/place at the end, which is a major error in English.
...de + noun
Chinese uses a single particle 'de' for all relative relationships, regardless of place, time, or person.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
संबंधित वीडियो
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06:21 Why do we have grass lawns?
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Relative Adverbs | Where, When, Why | English Grammar in Hindi
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Relative Adverbs in English Grammar | Where, When, Why | Learn English in Hindi
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Relative Adverbs (Where, When, Why) | English Grammar in Hindi | By Vivek Sir
Vivek Sir English
Related Grammar Rules
रिलेटिव क्लॉज़: Defining और Non-Defining के अर्थ में अंतर
Overview कल्पना करें कि आप अपना इंस्टाग्राम फीड स्क्रॉल कर रहे हैं। आप एक दोस्त की पोस्ट देखते हैं जिसके पास दो बिल्लिया...
रिलेटिव एडवर्ब: Where स्थानों के लिए
Overview क्या आपने कभी किसी दोस्त को उस शानदार पिज्जा जगह के बारे में बताने की कोशिश की है लेकिन वाक्य के बीच में ही अटक...
औपचारिक सापेक्ष खंड (जिसमें, जिसे)
### परिचय नमस्ते! जब हम English सीखने के सफर में B2 लेवल यानी Upper-Intermediate स्तर पर पहुँचते हैं, तो हमारा लक्ष्य स...
अपने वाक्यों को छोटा करें: घटाए गए संबंधवाचक उपवाक्य
### Overview Reduced relative clauses (संक्षिप्त सापेक्ष उपवाक्य) अंग्रेजी भाषा में अपनी बात को संक्षिप्त, प्रभावी और पे...
Whose: स्वामित्व दिखाना
### Overview English grammar में fluency हासिल करने के लिए वाक्यों को जोड़ना (connecting sentences) एक बहुत ही महत्वपूर्...
