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A2 noun #3,000 सबसे आम 6 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

～員

-in
At the A1 level, you learn ～員 as part of fixed vocabulary words for jobs. You don't need to know the grammar rules deeply yet. Just memorize words like 会社員 (kaishain - office worker) and 銀行員 (ginkōin - bank clerk). These are essential for introducing yourself and others. Think of it as a label that tells people where someone works. It's like adding '-er' or '-worker' in English, but it specifically means they belong to a company or a place.
At the A2 level, you start to see ～員 as a pattern. You notice that 店員 (ten'in) is a shop person and 駅員 (ekiin) is a station person. You begin to understand that 員 means 'member' or 'staff'. You can use it to ask for help, like saying 'Where is the staff?' (店員さんはどこですか？). You also learn that it is used for collective groups like 全員 (zen'in - everyone/all members).
At the B1 level, you use ～員 in more specific professional contexts. You learn words like 係員 (person in charge), 事務員 (office clerk), and 警備員 (security guard). You understand the difference between 員 and other suffixes like 者. You can describe your role in a committee (委員会) or a club (部員). You also start to encounter it in compound verbs or formal settings like news reports about 'personnel' (人員).
At the B2 level, you recognize ～員 in abstract or technical terms. Words like 構成員 (constituent member), 議員 (diet/parliament member), and 従業員 (employee) become common in your reading. You understand the nuance of 員 as part of a system. You can discuss labor issues, organizational structures, and the legal implications of being a 'member' of a corporation versus a contractor.
At the C1 level, you master the subtle distinctions between 員 and similar kanji like 官, 吏, or 師 in historical and legal contexts. You understand the etymology of the kanji and how it relates to the concept of 'counting' and 'capacity' (定員). You can use high-level vocabulary like 陪審員 (juror) or 閣僚級の構成員 (cabinet-level members) in sophisticated debates or academic writing.
At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of ～員. You can appreciate its use in literature to define a character's social standing or lack of individuality within a bureaucracy. You understand the socio-linguistic implications of using 員 versus more personal titles. You can navigate the most complex bureaucratic jargon where 員 appears in multi-kanji compounds describing specific governmental or international organizational roles.
इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

～員 30 सेकंड में

  • ～員 is a common suffix meaning 'member' or 'staff' within a specific organization.
  • It is used to form job titles like 会社員 (office worker) and 店員 (shop clerk).
  • It contrasts with ～者 (person who does) by focusing on organizational membership.
  • It is essential for formal introductions and identifying staff in public places.

The suffix ～員 (in) is a foundational component of the Japanese language, specifically used to denote a person who belongs to a specific organization, group, or staff body. At its core, the kanji 員 represents a 'member' or 'personnel.' Unlike general terms for people, ～員 implies a formal affiliation or a professional role within a structured entity like a company, a store, or a committee. When you see this character attached to the end of a noun, you are looking at a functional role rather than just an individual's identity.

Organizational Context
It signifies that the person is a gear in a larger machine, such as 会社員 (kaishain - company employee) or 銀行員 (ginkōin - bank clerk).
Fixed Membership
It is used for roles that are defined by their membership in a group, like 委員会 (iinkai - committee) members.
Professionalism
It often carries a nuance of official duty or service-oriented roles in public or private sectors.

彼は有名な銀行の銀行員です。 (He is a staff member at a famous bank.)

Understanding ～員 requires looking at how it contrasts with other suffixes like ～者 (sha - person who does) or ～家 (ka - professional/expert). While ～者 might describe someone by their actions (e.g., 読者 - reader), ～員 strictly defines them by their position within a roster. This is why you see it so often in business cards (名刺) and official documents. It provides a clear, categorized identity within the Japanese social hierarchy, where one's belonging to a group is often more significant than one's individual title.

駅の駅員さんに道を聞きました。 (I asked the station staff for directions.)

Historically, the kanji 員 originally depicted a vessel with a round opening, later evolving to mean 'number' or 'count' of people, which is why it is used in words like 定員 (teiin - capacity/fixed number of people). This 'counting' aspect reinforces the idea of being one unit within a larger total. In modern usage, it is the go-to suffix for service industry roles (店員 - shop assistant) and administrative roles (事務員 - office clerk). It is essential for A2 learners to master because it forms the basis of describing almost every common occupation you will encounter in daily life in Japan.

この店の店員はとても親切です。 (The shop staff at this store are very kind.)

警備の警備員が門の前に立っています。 (A security guard is standing in front of the gate.)

彼は宇宙飛行員になるのが夢です。 (His dream is to become an astronaut.)

Using ～員 is structurally straightforward but requires an understanding of noun compounding. In Japanese, you typically take the place of work or the type of work and attach 員 directly to the end without any particles like 'no'. For example, 銀行 (bank) + 員 (member) = 銀行員 (bank employee). This compound functions as a single noun.

Grammar Pattern
[Organization/Field] + 員 = [Staff/Member of that field]
Plurality
Japanese nouns don't change for plural, so 員 can mean one staff member or the entire staff depending on context.

When introducing yourself, you might say 「私は会社員です」(I am an office worker). This is the most common way to describe one's occupation if you work for a general company. If you work for a specific department, you might say 「営業部員」(member of the sales department). The flexibility of 員 allows it to scale from a massive corporation down to a small school club committee (委員会).

In formal writing, 員 is used to discuss labor statistics or organizational charts. For example, 全員 (zen'in) means 'all members' or 'everyone' in a specific group. This shows how the suffix can also act as a noun root. In daily conversation, you will most frequently use it to identify people in service roles. If you are at a restaurant and need help, you look for a 店員 (ten'in). If you are at a station, you look for an 駅員 (ekiin). Mastering these specific compounds is more useful than trying to use 員 as a standalone word, which is rarely done.

You will encounter ～員 in almost every facet of Japanese life, from the moment you step off a plane to your daily interactions in a convenience store. At the airport, you will see 係員 (kakariin - staff in charge) directing queues. On the train, the announcements might mention 乗務員 (jōmuin - train crew/attendants). These terms are ubiquitous because Japanese society places a high value on clearly defined roles and responsibilities.

Public Announcements
'Please follow the instructions of the staff' (係員の指示に従ってください).
News Reports
Reporting on company layoffs or hiring: 'The company plans to hire 100 new employees' (新入社員/職員).

In the workplace, the term 員 is used in titles. While 'Manager' is 部長 (buchō), the people under them are often referred to as 部員 (buin) in the context of a club or specific team. In a corporate setting, the general term is 社員 (shain). Interestingly, when a company name is used, we say [Company Name]の社員. For example, 'Googleの社員'. This is a key distinction for learners to make when discussing their professional identity.

The most frequent mistake for learners is confusing ～員 with ～者 (sha) or ～人 (jin/nin). While all refer to people, their nuances are strictly separated in Japanese grammar and social logic. 員 is for *membership* in an organization. 者 is for a person who *performs an action* or has a certain *status* (like 'beginner' 初心者 or 'author' 著者). 人 is the general counter for people or nationality.

Mistake: Using 員 for Nationalities
Incorrect: アメリカ員. Correct: アメリカ人.
Mistake: Using 員 for Independent Professionals
Incorrect: 医員 (usually). Correct: 医者 (doctor). However, 医局員 refers to a member of a specific medical department.

Another common error is using 員 as a standalone noun to mean 'a person'. You cannot say 'There is an 員 in the room.' You must specify what kind of member they are, or use the word メンバー (menbā) for a more casual, English-loanword feel. Additionally, learners often forget that some occupations use 官 (kan) for government officials (e.g., 警察官 - police officer) instead of 員, though 警察員 is technically understood, it is not the standard term.

To truly master ～員, you must compare it to its synonyms and related suffixes. The most common alternative is メンバー (Member). メンバー is used for sports teams, idol groups, or casual social circles. In contrast, 員 is more formal and institutional. You wouldn't call a member of the AKB48 idol group an 'AKB員'; they are 'AKBのメンバー'.

～者 (sha)
Focuses on the person's attribute or action. Example: 参加者 (participant).
～手 (shu)
Focuses on a person with a specific skill, often in sports or performance. Example: 選手 (athlete), 歌手 (singer).
スタッフ (Staff)
Used for event staff or temporary workers, often as a collective noun.

There is also 職員 (shokuin), which specifically refers to staff in public institutions like schools or government offices. While a company has 社員 (shain), a school has 職員 (shokuin). Knowing which 'member' suffix to use depends entirely on the type of 'house' or 'organization' the person belongs to. This categorical thinking is a hallmark of Japanese vocabulary acquisition.

How Formal Is It?

औपचारिक

""

कठिनाई स्तर

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

私は会社員です。

I am a company employee.

Subject + は + Job + です。

2

田中さんは銀行員です。

Mr. Tanaka is a bank clerk.

Name + さん + は + Job + です。

3

あの人は店員ですか？

Is that person a shop assistant?

Question form with か。

4

駅員に聞きました。

I asked the station staff.

Target of action + に。

5

父は公務員です。

My father is a civil servant.

Family member + は + Job。

6

全員いますか？

Is everyone here?

全員 means all members.

7

彼は警備員です。

He is a security guard.

Job description.

8

店員さんは親切です。

The shop staff is kind.

Adding さん to a job title for politeness.

1

係員にチケットを見せてください。

Please show your ticket to the staff in charge.

係員 (person in charge).

2

このバスの乗務員は二人です。

There are two crew members on this bus.

乗務員 (crew/attendant).

3

彼はサッカー部の部員です。

He is a member of the soccer club.

部 (club) + 員.

4

会場の案内員を探しています。

I am looking for a guide at the venue.

案内 (guide) + 員.

5

消防員が火を消しました。

The firefighters put out the fire.

消防 (firefighting) + 員.

6

銀行員になりたいです。

I want to become a bank employee.

～になりたい (want to become).

7

店員を呼んでください。

Please call a shop assistant.

Object + を + 呼ぶ.

8

家族全員で旅行に行きます。

The whole family is going on a trip.

家族全員 (all family members).

1

事務員の仕事は大変そうです。

The office clerk's job looks difficult.

事務員 (office clerk).

2

彼は委員会の委員に選ばれました。

He was elected as a member of the committee.

委員 (committee member).

3

救急隊員がすぐに来ました。

The ambulance crew came immediately.

救急隊 (ambulance team) + 員.

4

不審な男を警備員が止めました。

The security guard stopped a suspicious man.

警備員 (security guard).

5

彼は新入社員の教育係員です。

He is the person in charge of training new employees.

教育 (education) + 係員.

6

乗組員は全員無事でした。

All the crew members were safe.

乗組員 (ship crew).

7

販売員のノルマは厳しいです。

The sales staff's quota is strict.

販売員 (salesperson).

8

彼は研究員として働いています。

He is working as a researcher.

研究員 (researcher).

1

従業員の福利厚生を改善する。

Improve the welfare of the employees.

従業員 (employee).

2

国会議員が新しい法律を提案した。

A member of the Diet proposed a new law.

国会議員 (Member of Parliament).

3

その組織の構成員は100人です。

The organization has 100 constituent members.

構成員 (constituent member).

4

派遣店員として複数の店舗を回る。

Work at multiple stores as a dispatched clerk.

派遣 (dispatched) + 店員.

5

人員削減のニュースに驚いた。

I was surprised by the news of staff cuts.

人員 (personnel/staff count).

6

彼は宇宙飛行員としての訓練を受けた。

He received training as an astronaut.

宇宙飛行員 (astronaut).

7

陪審員の選定が行われた。

The selection of jurors took place.

陪審員 (juror).

8

客室乗務員が飲み物を配っている。

The flight attendant is distributing drinks.

客室乗務員 (flight attendant).

1

審議会の委員が意見を述べた。

The members of the deliberative council stated their opinions.

審議会 (deliberative council) + 委員.

2

彼は党の有力な構成員の一人だ。

He is one of the influential members of the party.

構成員 (member/constituent).

3

定員オーバーのため入場できません。

Cannot enter because the capacity has been exceeded.

定員 (fixed capacity).

4

調査委員会の報告書が公開された。

The report of the investigative committee was released.

調査委員会 (investigative committee).

5

教職員組合がストライキを計画した。

The teachers' union planned a strike.

教職員 (teaching staff).

6

彼は監査役員に任命された。

He was appointed as an auditing officer.

監査役員 (auditing officer).

7

人員配置の最適化が急務である。

Optimizing personnel allocation is an urgent task.

人員配置 (personnel allocation).

8

彼は特殊部隊の隊員だった。

He was a member of a special forces unit.

隊員 (unit member).

1

全閣僚級の構成員が会議に出席した。

All cabinet-level members attended the meeting.

閣僚級 (cabinet-level).

2

その法案は国会議員の過半数の賛成を得た。

The bill gained the approval of the majority of Diet members.

過半数 (majority).

3

彼は終身会員としての権利を行使した。

He exercised his rights as a lifetime member.

終身会員 (lifetime member).

4

組織の末端構成員に至るまで周知徹底する。

Ensure thorough awareness down to the lowest-ranking members of the organization.

末端構成員 (bottom-tier member).

5

陪審員制度の是非が問われている。

The pros and cons of the jury system are being questioned.

陪審員制度 (jury system).

6

彼は国際連合の職員として紛争地に派遣された。

He was dispatched to a conflict zone as a UN staff member.

職員 (staff/official).

7

人員の整理統合が進められている。

The consolidation and integration of personnel are being carried out.

整理統合 (consolidation).

8

彼は名誉会員として迎え入れられた。

He was welcomed as an honorary member.

名誉会員 (honorary member).

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

会社員になる
店員を呼ぶ
全員集合
係員の指示
定員を守る
新入社員
公務員試験
銀行員として働く
委員会の委員
警備員を配置する

सामान्य वाक्यांश

会社員です

店員さん

駅員さん

全員で

係員にお尋ねください

銀行員の田中さん

部員募集中

教職員の皆様

乗務員がお手伝いします

警備員がいます

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

～員 vs ～者 (sha)

Focuses on the person's action/status (e.g., 医者 - doctor).

～員 vs ～人 (jin)

Focuses on nationality or general personhood (e.g., 日本人).

～員 vs ～家 (ka)

Focuses on expertise or professional field (e.g., 芸術家 - artist).

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

～員 vs

～員 vs

～員 vs

～員 vs

～員 vs

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

plurality

Context determines if it's one person or many.

distinction

Use 員 for membership, 者 for characteristics.

सामान्य गलतियाँ
  • Saying 'Watashi wa ginkō no in desu' instead of 'Ginkōin desu'.
  • Using 員 for creative roles like 'Artist-in'.
  • Confusing 員 (in) with 人 (nin) when counting people.
  • Forgetting the 'san' when calling a shop assistant.
  • Using 員 for a person who just does a hobby (use 者 instead).

सुझाव

The 'In' Rule

Remember that ～員 sounds like 'in'. You are 'in' the staff.

No Particle

Never put 'no' before 員 in job titles. It's always [Noun]員.

Polite Addressing

Always add 'san' when talking to staff members directly.

Common Pairs

Learn 会社員, 店員, and 駅員 first as they are the most common.

Compound Nouns

Treat [Noun]員 as a single noun for grammar purposes.

Group Identity

Understand that being an 'in' means you represent the whole group.

Kanji Practice

The kanji 員 has 10 strokes. Practice the 'shell' radical at the bottom.

Context Clues

If you hear 'in' at the end of a word in a store, it's likely a staff title.

Newspapers

Look for 員 in headlines about employment or politics.

Introductions

Use 会社員 if you want to be humble about your specific job role.

याद करें

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

The suffix reinforces the group-oriented nature of Japanese culture.

Always add 'san' when calling out to a staff member (e.g., 'Ten'in-san!').

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"お仕事は何ですか？ (会社員です。)"

"店員さんに聞きましょうか？"

"全員そろいましたか？"

"銀行員になりたいと思ったことはありますか？"

"あの警備員さんはどこにいますか？"

डायरी विषय

将来、どんな～員になりたいですか？

昨日会った店員さんについて書いてください。

あなたの家族はどんな～員ですか？

会社員とフリーランス、どちらがいいですか？

駅員さんに助けてもらったことがありますか？

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

Usually no, you use 医者 (isha). However, 医局員 (ikyokuin) is used for a member of a medical department.

会社員 is the general job title (I am an office worker). 社員 is used when referring to employees of a specific company (Googleの社員).

Mostly, but it appears in words like 員数 (insū - number of members) as a root.

Yes, but it sounds more casual and like English loanword usage compared to 員.

You can say 職員全員 (shokuin zen'in) or 全従業員 (zen jūgyōin).

Yes, for club members (部員) but athletes are usually 選手 (senshu).

It means the fixed capacity or maximum number of people allowed in a place.

It is neutral. Adding 'san' makes it polite when addressing someone.

You can say 家族の一員 (a member of the family) but not 'kazoku-in'.

Yes, 公務員 (kōmuin) is the standard term for civil servants.

खुद को परखो 180 सवाल

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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