照る 30 सेकंड में
- Teru is an intransitive verb meaning 'to shine', specifically for the sun or moon. It is a key word for describing sunny weather in Japan.
- Unlike 'hikaru' (general shining), 'teru' is atmospheric. It focuses on the source of natural light and the warmth or clarity it provides to the day.
- Commonly heard in weather reports and children's songs, it is also the basis for the famous 'Teru Teru Bozu' weather dolls used to pray for sun.
- Grammatically, it is a Godan verb. It is often paired with 'hi' (sun) and 'ga' (subject marker). It is essential for A2-level daily conversation.
The Japanese verb 照る (teru) is a primary intransitive verb used to describe the action of the sun or moon emitting light, specifically in the context of weather and natural illumination. At its core, it signifies that the celestial body is visible and active, casting its rays upon the earth. Unlike other light-related verbs, teru is deeply tied to the state of the sky and the atmospheric condition of being 'sunny'.
- Core Concept
- The emission of direct sunlight or moonlight. It is the state of the sun being out and shining brightly without obstruction from clouds.
- Grammatical Nature
- It is an intransitive Godan verb (u-verb). It does not take a direct object; rather, the sun (hi) or the moon (tsuki) is the subject that performs the action.
- Visual Nuance
- It evokes a sense of warmth and clarity. When you say 'hi ga teru', you are describing the physical sensation of the sun's rays hitting the ground.
「今日は一日中日が照っていて、とても暖かいですね。」(The sun has been shining all day today, so it's very warm, isn't it?)
To understand 照る, one must distinguish it from 光る (hikaru). While hikaru refers to the general property of reflecting or emitting light (like a diamond or a LED), teru is almost exclusively reserved for celestial bodies or the general state of the weather. It is the 'shining' that results in 'sunshine'.
「月が明るく照る夜に、散歩に出かけました。」(I went for a walk on a night when the moon was shining brightly.)
Historically, the kanji 照 combines 'sun' (日) with a phonetic component (召) which also implies 'calling forth' or 'shining upon'. This reflects the ancient Japanese view of the sun as a deity (Amaterasu) whose 'shining' was a vital, active force. Even in modern A2-level Japanese, mastering this word allows you to describe weather patterns with more precision than just using 'hare' (sunny).
「日が照るうちに洗濯物を干しましょう。」(Let's hang the laundry while the sun is shining.)
「照る日もあれば、降る日もある。」(There are sunny days, and there are rainy days. — A common proverb about life's ups and downs.)
「砂漠では太陽が容赦なく照っていた。」(In the desert, the sun was shining relentlessly.)
Using 照る (teru) correctly requires an understanding of its intransitive nature and its specific collocations. Unlike the transitive 照らす (terasu), which means 'to shine light ON something' (e.g., using a flashlight), teru focuses on the source of the light itself and its inherent action of shining.
1. Basic Conjugation
As a Godan verb ending in 'ru', it follows standard patterns:
- Dictionary Form: 照る (teru) - To shine
- Polite Form: 照ります (terimasu)
- Te-form: 照って (tette) - Shining / and then...
- Negative Form: 照らない (teranai) - Does not shine
- Past Form: 照った (tetta) - Shone
2. Common Sentence Structures
The most frequent subject for teru is the sun (日 - hi) or the moon (月 - tsuki). The particle が (ga) is typically used to mark the subject.
- Subject + が + 照る
- Example: 日が照る (The sun shines). This is the most basic observation of weather.
- Condition + 照る
- Example: 強く照る (Shines strongly). Used to describe intensity.
「雲の間から日が照ってきた。」(The sun started to shine from between the clouds.)
3. Distinguishing from Synonyms
Learners often confuse teru with hikaru or kagayaku. Here is a quick guide:
- 照る (teru): Natural light from the sun/moon. Focuses on the weather or the source's activity.
- 光る (hikaru): General emission or reflection of light. A cat's eyes, a star, or a polished floor 'hikaru'.
- 輝く (kagayaku): To sparkle or glitter. Used for diamonds, brilliant smiles, or glorious achievements.
In literary contexts, teru can also describe a person's face 'shining' with joy, though this is less common than kagayaku or hokorobu. It is most safe and common to stick to weather-related descriptions at the A2/B1 levels.
The verb 照る (teru) is a staple of Japanese daily life, appearing in everything from morning weather reports to classical poetry. Because Japan's culture is so attuned to the seasons and weather, you will encounter this word frequently.
1. Weather Forecasts (Kishou Jouhou)
Meteorologists use teru to describe periods of sunshine. You might hear phrases like:
「午後は日が照る時間もあるでしょう。」(There will likely be times when the sun shines in the afternoon.)
2. Children's Songs and Folklore
The most famous example is the 'Teru Teru Bozu' song. Children hang these dolls and sing:
「てるてる坊主、てる坊主、明日天気にしてください。」(Teru-teru-bozu, teru-bozu, please make the weather good tomorrow.)
Here, 'teru' represents the desire for the sun to come out and shine.
3. Literature and Idioms
In literature, teru is used to set the mood. A 'shining' sun can represent hope, heat, or the relentless passage of time. It also appears in the famous proverb 「照る日曇る日」 (Teru hi kumoru hi), which translates to 'Shining days, cloudy days,' meaning that life is full of both good and bad times.
- Daily Conversation
- Used when deciding whether to go out or do chores. "日が照ってきたから、散歩に行こう" (The sun has started shining, so let's go for a walk).
- Agriculture
- Farmers discuss how much the sun is 'teru' as it affects crop growth. Too much 'teru' leads to drought.
Even though 照る (teru) is an A2-level word, its specific usage constraints often lead to errors for English speakers who are used to the broad word 'shine'.
1. Confusing Transitive and Intransitive
The biggest mistake is using teru when you mean terasu.
- Incorrect: 懐中電灯で道を照る (Kaichuudentou de michi o teru).
- Correct: 懐中電灯で道を照らす (Kaichuudentou de michi o terasu).
Explanation: 'Teru' is something the light source does on its own. 'Terasu' is when you direct light onto an object.
2. Using it for Artificial Light
You generally do not use teru for light bulbs, LEDs, or computer screens. For these, use 光る (hikaru) or 点いている (tsuite iru).
「電球が照っている」(Wrong) → 「電球が光っている」(Right)
3. Confusion with 'Hare' (Sunny)
Hare is a noun or a state (the sky is clear). Teru is the action of the sun. You cannot say 「今日は照りです」 (Today is shine). You must say 「今日は日が照っています」 or 「今日は晴れです」.
- Error: Subject Misplacement
- Don't say "空が照る" (The sky shines). Say "空が晴れる" (The sky clears) or "日が照る" (The sun shines).
Japanese has a rich vocabulary for light. Understanding where 照る (teru) fits in this spectrum is key to natural-sounding Japanese.
1. 光る (Hikaru) - To Emit/Reflect Light
This is the most general term. It can be used for stars, fireflies, gold, or even a person's talent. While the sun hikaru, teru is more specific to the weather aspect.
2. 輝く (Kagayaku) - To Sparkle/Shine Brilliantly
This implies a high degree of brightness or beauty. A diamond kagayaku. A person's future kagayaku. It is more emotional and descriptive than the functional teru.
3. 照らす (Terasu) - To Illuminate
The transitive counterpart. Use this when a light source is directed at an object. "The moon illuminates the lake" = 「月が湖を照らす」.
- Comparison Table
- 照る: Sun/Moon only. Focus on weather.
- 光る: Anything. Focus on the light itself.
- 輝く: Anything beautiful. Focus on brilliance.
- 煌めく (Kirameku): To twinkle/glitter (like stars or waves).
「星が光っているが、太陽のように照ることはない。」(Stars are shining/glowing, but they don't 'shine' (provide daylight) like the sun.)
How Formal Is It?
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कठिनाई स्तर
ज़रूरी व्याकरण
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
日が照ります。
The sun shines.
Simple present polite form.
今日は日が照っています。
The sun is shining today.
Te-iru form for ongoing state.
月が照っています。
The moon is shining.
Moon as the subject.
日が照ると、暖かいです。
When the sun shines, it is warm.
Conditional 'to' for natural consequence.
照る照る坊主を作りました。
I made a Teru Teru Bozu doll.
Noun phrase from the verb.
日が照らない日は寒いです。
Days when the sun doesn't shine are cold.
Negative form modifying a noun.
明日、日が照るかな？
I wonder if the sun will shine tomorrow?
Sentence ending particle 'kana' for wondering.
日が照って、うれしいです。
The sun is shining, and I am happy.
Te-form used as a reason.
雲の間から日が照ってきた。
The sun started to shine from between the clouds.
Te-kuru form indicating the start of an action.
日が照っているうちに、散歩に行きましょう。
Let's go for a walk while the sun is shining.
'Uchi ni' meaning while a state continues.
昨日は一日中日が照っていた。
The sun was shining all day yesterday.
Past continuous form.
日が強く照っているので、帽子をかぶります。
The sun is shining strongly, so I will wear a hat.
Adverbial use of 'tsuyoku'.
この部屋は日がよく照る。
This room gets a lot of sun (the sun shines well here).
Describing a characteristic of a place.
日が照っても、風が冷たいです。
Even if the sun shines, the wind is cold.
Te-mo form for 'even if'.
日が照り始めた。
The sun began to shine.
Stem + hajimeru for starting an action.
日が照ると、雪が溶けます。
When the sun shines, the snow melts.
Natural result conditional.
夏の太陽が容赦なく照りつけている。
The summer sun is beating down relentlessly.
Compound verb 'teritsukeru'.
日が照ったり曇ったりする天気だ。
The weather is sunny one moment and cloudy the next.
Tari-tari form for alternating actions.
照る日もあれば、降る日もあるさ。
There are sunny days, and there are rainy days (that's life).
Proverbial usage with 'areba'.
夕日が赤く照っている。
The setting sun is shining red.
Describing the color of the light.
日が照るのを待ってから出発した。
We waited for the sun to shine before setting off.
Nominalizing the verb with 'no'.
月が明るく照る夜は、道がよく見える。
On nights when the moon shines brightly, you can see the road well.
Relative clause modifying 'yoru'.
日が照りすぎて、植物が枯れてしまった。
The sun shone too much, and the plants withered.
Stem + sugiru for 'too much'.
照る日には、洗濯物がすぐ乾く。
On sunny days, the laundry dries quickly.
Noun modification.
冬の弱い日が、窓際を照らしている。
The weak winter sun is illuminating the windowsill.
Note: Using 'terasu' here to show contrast with 'teru'.
照る日を背に、彼は歩き続けた。
With the shining sun at his back, he kept walking.
Literary phrasing.
雲一つない空に、太陽がさんさんと照っている。
The sun is shining brilliantly in a cloudless sky.
Onomatopoeia 'sansan' used with teru.
日が照り込む部屋で、本を読むのが好きだ。
I like reading books in a room where the sun shines in.
Compound verb 'terikomu' (shine into).
日照り続きで、ダムの水が少なくなっている。
Due to the continuous sunshine (drought), the dam water is low.
Noun 'hideri' derived from 'hi' + 'teru'.
月がこうこうと照る中、祭りが始まった。
The festival began while the moon was shining brightly.
Onomatopoeia 'koukou' (brightly).
照る日を惜しむかのように、鳥が鳴いている。
The birds are singing as if begrudging the (end of) the sunny day.
Metaphorical literary expression.
日が照っている間に、すべての作業を終わらせよう。
Let's finish all the work while the sun is shining.
Aida ni (during/while).
万物を照らす太陽の如く、彼は皆を導いた。
Like the sun that illuminates all things, he led everyone.
Using the transitive 'terasu' for metaphorical brilliance.
古の歌には、月が照る情景が多く詠まれている。
In ancient poems, many scenes of the moon shining are composed.
Passive voice 'yomarete iru'.
照る日の光が、波間に砕けて煌めいている。
The light of the shining sun is breaking and sparkling among the waves.
Combining 'teru' with 'kirameku'.
能面が照る瞬間、演者の感情が観客に伝わる。
The moment the Noh mask 'shines' (tilts up), the performer's emotions reach the audience.
Technical term in traditional theater.
日照り雨の中、狐の嫁入りが行われるという伝説がある。
There is a legend that a fox wedding takes place during a sunshower (shining rain).
Compound noun 'hideri-ame'.
照るも降るも、すべては天の意志である。
Whether it shines or rains, everything is the will of heaven.
Nominalized verbs as subjects.
白日の下に照らし出された真実は、残酷だった。
The truth brought to light (illuminated) under the broad daylight was cruel.
Idiomatic use of 'terashidasu'.
照る日を背負って立つ彼の姿は、神々しかった。
His figure, standing with the shining sun behind him, was divine.
High-level descriptive prose.
あまつひの照るにまかせて、稲穂は黄金色に輝く。
Leaving it to the shining of the heavenly sun, the rice ears glow golden.
Archaic/Poetic phrasing 'amatsuhi'.
照るという動詞の語源を辿れば、古代人の光への畏敬が見て取れる。
Tracing the etymology of the verb 'teru', one can see the ancient people's awe of light.
Academic discussion.
「照る」と「曇る」の微細な角度の差異が、能楽の深淵を形作る。
The minute difference in angle between 'shining' and 'clouding' forms the abyss (depth) of Noh.
Philosophical analysis.
遍く照る光に、一切の差別はない。
In the light that shines everywhere, there is no discrimination whatsoever.
Buddhist/Philosophical tone.
照る日の影に潜む闇こそが、物語の真髄である。
The darkness lurking in the shadow of the shining sun is the very essence of the story.
Literary criticism.
天照大御神の照り給う国、日本。
Japan, the country where Amaterasu Omikami shines (honorific).
Honorific 'tamau' attached to 'teri'.
照るともなしに照る月の、淡い光が地上を包む。
The faint light of the moon, which shines without seeming to shine, envelops the earth.
Paradoxical literary expression.
万葉の時代から、日本人は「照る」という言葉に魂を込めてきた。
Since the Manyo era, Japanese people have put their souls into the word 'teru'.
Historical perspective.
सामान्य शब्द संयोजन
सामान्य वाक्यांश
日が照ってきた (The sun started shining)
照る照る坊主 (Weather doll)
照る日曇る日 (Ups and downs of life)
日が照っているうちに (While the sun is out)
日照り続き (A long dry spell)
月が照る夜 (Moonlit night)
太陽が照りつける (Sun beats down)
照り映える (To shine and reflect)
照り出し (The start of sunshine)
照り具合 (The state of sunshine)
अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है
मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ
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आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें
Primarily used for natural celestial light.
Used for 'bright' faces or 'shining' futures in literature.
Forms many useful words like 'teriyaki' (shining grill)!
- Using 'teru' for flashlights (use 'terasu' or 'hikaru' instead).
- Saying 'sora ga teru' (the sky shines) instead of 'hi ga teru' (the sun shines).
- Confusing 'teru' (intransitive) with 'terasu' (transitive).
- Using 'teru' for stars (use 'hikaru' or 'kirameku').
- Forgetting the double 't' in the te-form: 'terite' is wrong, 'tette' is right.
सुझाव
Weather Focus
Always use 'teru' when you want to emphasize the sun's presence. It's the most natural way to describe a bright day. Pair it with 'ga' for the sun. It makes your Japanese sound very native.
Te-iru Form
To say 'the sun is shining' right now, use 'teru' in the te-iru form: 'teru' becomes 'tette iru'. This is the most common way you'll use it in daily life. It describes the ongoing state of the weather. Don't forget the double 't'!
Teriyaki Connection
Remember 'teriyaki' to remember 'teru'. The 'shine' on the food is the same 'shine' as the sun. This mnemonic links a common word to a new verb. It's a tasty way to expand your vocabulary!
Teru Teru Bozu
Learn the 'Teru Teru Bozu' song to practice the word. It's a simple melody that repeats the word 'teru'. It's a great cultural touchstone. Plus, it's a fun way to learn about Japanese traditions.
Teru vs Hikaru
If it's in the sky and provides daylight, use 'teru'. If it's a small point of light or a reflection, use 'hikaru'. This simple rule covers 90% of cases. It prevents the most common mistake learners make. Keep them separate in your mind.
Teritsukeru
In summer, 'teritsukeru' is your best friend (or enemy). It means 'to beat down'. Use it to express how hot the sun feels. It adds a level of descriptive power to your Japanese. It's a very common B1-level compound.
Proverb Power
Memorize 'Teru hi kumoru hi'. It's a sophisticated way to say 'life has ups and downs'. Using proverbs shows a high level of language mastery. It uses 'teru' in a metaphorical sense. It's a great phrase for journals or speeches.
Kanji Recognition
The kanji 照 has the sun radical 日. This is a huge clue to its meaning. Whenever you see 日 in a kanji, think of light or time. This makes learning the kanji much easier. Focus on the sun at the top.
Weather Reports
Listen to Japanese weather forecasts on YouTube. You will hear 'teru' or 'hideri' frequently. It's the best real-world listening practice. Try to catch the context of the word. See if they use it with 'tsuyoku' or 'yowaku'.
Daily Greeting
Try using 'Hi ga tette imasu ne' as a conversation starter. It's the Japanese equivalent of 'Nice weather, isn't it?'. It's a safe and natural way to open a chat. People love talking about the weather. It's a perfect icebreaker.
याद करें
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
Derived from Old Japanese 'teru'. It is thought to be related to 'te' (hand/direction) or 'ta' (high), indicating light coming from above.
सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ
The supreme deity of Shinto, whose name means 'Shining in Heaven'.
The terms 'teru' and 'kumoru' are technical terms for mask movement.
A traditional handmade doll made of white paper or cloth that Japanese farmers began hanging outside of their window by a string.
असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें
वास्तविक संदर्भ
बातचीत की शुरुआत
"今日は日がよく照っていますね。 (The sun is really shining today, isn't it?)"
"日が照っているうちに、どこかへ行きませんか？ (Shall we go somewhere while the sun is still out?)"
"昨日は月が綺麗に照っていましたね。 (The moon was shining beautifully yesterday, wasn't it?)"
"日が照りつける日は、何をして過ごしますか？ (What do you do on days when the sun is beating down?)"
"照る照る坊主を作ったことがありますか？ (Have you ever made a Teru Teru Bozu?)"
डायरी विषय
日が照る午後の公園の様子を書いてください。 (Describe a park on a sunny afternoon.)
「照る日曇る日」という言葉について、自分の経験を書いてください。 (Write about your experiences regarding 'sunny days and cloudy days' in life.)
月が照る夜に何を考えますか？ (What do you think about on a moonlit night?)
太陽が強く照りつける夏休みの思い出。 (Memories of a summer vacation with the sun beating down.)
もし太陽が照らなくなったら、世界はどうなると思いますか？ (What would happen to the world if the sun stopped shining?)
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल
10 सवालNo, you should use 'hikaru' or 'terasu'. 'Teru' is reserved for the sun and moon. Flashlights are artificial light sources. Using 'teru' for them would sound very strange to a native speaker. Stick to 'hikaru' for the light itself.
'Hare' is a noun meaning 'sunny weather'. 'Hi ga teru' is a verb phrase meaning 'the sun is shining'. You can say 'Ashita wa hare desu' or 'Ashita wa hi ga terimasu'. The latter emphasizes the physical light of the sun. Both are correct but used in different grammatical structures.
Yes! 'Teri' comes from 'teru'. It refers to the 'shine' or 'glaze' on the meat caused by the sugar in the sauce. When the sauce is heated, it starts to 'teru' (shine). This is a great way to remember the word!
Generally, no. For stars, 'hikaru' (shine/glow) or 'kirameku' (twinkle) are much more common. 'Teru' implies a certain amount of illuminating power that stars (except for the sun) don't provide to Earth. It is specifically for the sun and moon.
Use the compound verb 'teritsukeru' (照りつける). This specifically describes the intense, sometimes oppressive heat and light of the summer sun. For example: 'Taiyou ga teritsukete iru'. It is a very common expression in July and August.
Yes, it is used in all levels of formality. In formal weather reports, you might hear 'nisshou' (sunshine), but 'hi ga teru' is perfectly acceptable in polite conversation. It is a standard, versatile verb. It doesn't sound too casual or too stiff.
It literally translates to 'Shine Shine Monk'. 'Teru' is the verb 'to shine', and 'bozu' is a term for a Buddhist monk (often referring to their bald heads, which might also 'shine'). The doll is a prayer for the sun to shine.
While 'kagayaku' (sparkle) is more common for smiles, 'teru' can be used in poetic or archaic contexts to describe a radiant face. However, in modern daily Japanese, it is almost exclusively for the sun and moon. Using it for a smile might sound a bit old-fashioned.
It is 'Atamadaka' (Type 1). This means the first syllable 'Te' is high, and 'ru' is low. Pronouncing it correctly helps distinguish it from other similar-sounding words. Practice saying 'TE-ru' with a drop in pitch.
It is an intransitive verb (自動詞 - jidoushi). This means it doesn't take a direct object. You don't 'teru' something. The sun just 'teru' on its own. Its transitive partner is 'terasu' (照らす), which means 'to shine light on something'.
खुद को परखो 180 सवाल
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The verb 照る (teru) is your go-to word for describing the sun or moon shining. Remember it as the 'weather shine'—intransitive, natural, and often associated with warmth and clear skies. Don't confuse it with 'terasu' (to illuminate something) or 'hikaru' (to glow/sparkle).
- Teru is an intransitive verb meaning 'to shine', specifically for the sun or moon. It is a key word for describing sunny weather in Japan.
- Unlike 'hikaru' (general shining), 'teru' is atmospheric. It focuses on the source of natural light and the warmth or clarity it provides to the day.
- Commonly heard in weather reports and children's songs, it is also the basis for the famous 'Teru Teru Bozu' weather dolls used to pray for sun.
- Grammatically, it is a Godan verb. It is often paired with 'hi' (sun) and 'ga' (subject marker). It is essential for A2-level daily conversation.
Weather Focus
Always use 'teru' when you want to emphasize the sun's presence. It's the most natural way to describe a bright day. Pair it with 'ga' for the sun. It makes your Japanese sound very native.
Te-iru Form
To say 'the sun is shining' right now, use 'teru' in the te-iru form: 'teru' becomes 'tette iru'. This is the most common way you'll use it in daily life. It describes the ongoing state of the weather. Don't forget the double 't'!
Teriyaki Connection
Remember 'teriyaki' to remember 'teru'. The 'shine' on the food is the same 'shine' as the sun. This mnemonic links a common word to a new verb. It's a tasty way to expand your vocabulary!
Teru Teru Bozu
Learn the 'Teru Teru Bozu' song to practice the word. It's a simple melody that repeats the word 'teru'. It's a great cultural touchstone. Plus, it's a fun way to learn about Japanese traditions.
उदाहरण
太陽がさんさんと照っている。
संबंधित सामग्री
यह शब्द अन्य भाषाओं में
weather के और शब्द
積もる
A2To pile up (e.g., snow).
のち
A2बाद में; उसके बाद (मौसम के पूर्वानुमान में उपयोग किया जाता है)।
近づく
A2समीप आना, पास आना। भौतिक दूरी, समय या रिश्तों के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है।
避ける
B1किसी अप्रिय व्यक्ति या स्थिति से बचना।
氷点下
A2Below freezing point; temperature below 0 degrees Celsius.
長靴
A2Rain boots; waterproof boots worn to protect feet from rain.
穏やかな
B1शांत, सौम्य। मौसम, समुद्र या किसी के स्वभाव के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है।
快晴
A2Clear skies; perfectly clear and sunny weather.
快適な
A2आरामदायक; सुखद। तनाव मुक्त वातावरण या अनुभव का वर्णन करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है।
涼む
B1To cool oneself; to enjoy the cool air.
