At the A1 level, '논증하다' is a very difficult and advanced word that you don't need to use yet. A1 learners focus on basic needs like 'I am a student' or 'I like apples.' If you wanted to say something similar at this level, you would just use '말해요' (I say) or '맞아요' (It's right). '논증하다' is like a secret word used by professors! However, you can think of it as 'saying why something is true.' For example, if you say 'I like summer because it is warm,' you are doing a very tiny version of '논증하다' by giving a reason (it is warm) for your feeling (I like summer). But remember, in Korean, we only use this big word for very serious and logical things, not for simple sentences.
At the A2 level, you are starting to give reasons for your opinions using '-(으)니까' or '-기 때문에.' While '논증하다' is still too formal for your daily conversations, you might see it in a simple news headline or a children's book about great thinkers like King Sejong. You can understand it as 'to prove with reasons.' If a teacher asks 'Why is this answer correct?', and you explain the steps, you are performing the action of '논증하다.' At this stage, just recognize that if a word ends in '-하다' and starts with '논' (which often means 'discussion'), it's related to talking and thinking deeply. You don't need to use it in your speaking yet, but knowing it exists will help you later.
At the B1 level, you should begin to recognize '논증하다' in intermediate reading materials, such as essays or formal reports. You know the word '증명하다' (to prove), and now you can add '논증하다' as a more 'intellectual' version. When you write a short essay for a Korean class about a social issue, you might want to describe how you are supporting your points. Instead of just saying '제 생각을 말하겠습니다' (I will say my thoughts), you could eventually learn to say '제 주장을 논증해 보겠습니다' (I will try to logically prove my claim). This makes your writing sound much more serious. Focus on the fact that this word requires 'logic' (논리). If there is no logic, you cannot use '논증하다.'
At the B2 level, this word is very important, especially for the TOPIK II writing exam (Question 54). At this level, you are expected to form complex arguments. '논증하다' is the perfect verb to describe what you are doing in your essay. You are not just 'explaining' (설명하다); you are 'proving through logic' (논증하다). You should be able to use it in sentences like '이러한 사례들은 제 주장의 타당성을 논증합니다' (These cases demonstrate the validity of my argument). You should also understand the difference between '논증' (the argument/proof) and '주장' (the claim). A good B2 learner knows that a strong '주장' needs a solid '논증' to be convincing. You will also see this word in university-level textbooks or high-quality news editorials.
At the C1 level, you should use '논증하다' with precision and ease. You understand that it is a cornerstone of academic discourse. You can distinguish it from '입증하다' (empirical/factual proof) and '실증하다' (practical proof). In professional settings or advanced academic seminars, you would use this word to critique someone else's logic: '그의 논증 방식에는 오류가 있다' (There is a fallacy in his method of demonstration). You should also be familiar with related terms like '연역적 논증' (deductive reasoning) and '귀납적 논증' (inductive reasoning). At this level, '논증하다' is not just a vocabulary word; it's a tool for analyzing the structure of thought in complex Korean texts, from legal documents to philosophical treatises.
At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of '논증하다.' You can use it to engage in high-level intellectual debates and understand the nuances of how it's used in different fields like law, theology, and formal logic. You might use it in a meta-discursive way, discussing the 'limits of argumentation' (논증의 한계) or the 'rhetorical power of demonstration' (논증의 수사적 힘). You are comfortable with its passive form '논증되다' and derivative adjectives like '논증적' (argumentative/demonstrative). You can appreciate the subtle difference when an author chooses '논증하다' over '변증하다' or '소명하다.' Your mastery of this word reflects a deep understanding of the Korean intellectual tradition and the rigorous standards of formal Korean communication.

논증하다 30 सेकंड में

  • 논증하다 means to prove a claim using logical reasons and evidence, typically in formal or academic settings.
  • It differs from general 'proving' by focusing on the structured process of argumentation and cognitive reasoning.
  • Commonly found in research papers, legal documents, and formal debates to validate hypotheses or legal stances.
  • It is a B2-level academic verb that signals intellectual rigor and systematic thinking in Korean communication.

The Korean verb 논증하다 (nonjeunghada) is a sophisticated term primarily used in academic, legal, and formal contexts. It translates to 'to demonstrate' or 'to prove through logical reasoning.' Unlike the general word for proving something, which might rely on physical evidence alone, 논증하다 emphasizes the cognitive and structural process of building an argument. It combines the Hanja characters 論 (theory/discourse) and 證 (proof/evidence), essentially meaning to provide proof through discourse. When you use this word, you are suggesting a high level of intellectual rigor. It is the act of taking a premise, applying logical steps, and reaching a conclusion that others can follow and verify. In a university setting, a professor might ask a student to 논증하라 (demonstrate/prove) their thesis statement. In a courtroom, a lawyer might 논증하다 the innocence of a client by connecting various facts into a coherent narrative of logic. It is not merely about stating a fact; it is about the journey of validation.

Logical Foundation
The term refers to the systematic presentation of reasons to support a specific claim or proposition, often found in philosophy and mathematics.
Academic Context
It is frequently used in research papers (논문) to describe the process of validating a hypothesis through data and theoretical frameworks.
Debate and Discussion
In formal debates (토론), participants use this verb to describe their efforts to persuade the audience through structured evidence.

철학자는 신의 존재를 이성적으로 논증하려고 노력했다. (The philosopher tried to logically demonstrate the existence of God.)

이 논문은 기후 변화의 원인을 과학적 데이터를 통해 논증하고 있다. (This paper is proving the causes of climate change through scientific data.)

수학자는 그 정리가 참임을 완벽하게 논증하였다. (The mathematician perfectly demonstrated that the theorem is true.)

검사는 피고인의 유죄를 배심원들에게 논증했다. (The prosecutor demonstrated the defendant's guilt to the jury.)

자신의 주장을 타당하게 논증하는 것이 토론의 핵심이다. (Validly proving one's argument is the core of a debate.)

Furthermore, 논증하다 is intrinsically linked to the concept of 'argumentation theory.' It requires a claim (주장), evidence (근거), and the warrant (보증) that connects them. When a speaker says they will 논증 something, they are committing to a higher standard of proof than simply asserting an opinion. This word is a hallmark of critical thinking in the Korean linguistic landscape. If you are preparing for the TOPIK II exam, especially the writing section, mastering this verb will allow you to describe your reasoning process with the precision expected at the B2 level and beyond. It signals to the reader that you are not just thinking, but you are thinking systematically.

Using 논증하다 correctly involves understanding its transitivity and the typical particles that accompany it. As a transitive verb, it usually takes an object marked by ~을/를. This object is typically a proposition, a truth, a fact, or a theory. For example, '사실을 논증하다' (to prove the fact) or '이론을 논증하다' (to prove the theory). Because the act of proving often involves a complex idea, you will frequently see it used with the nominalizing ending ~음 or ~기, such as '그가 옳음을 논증하다' (to prove that he is right). This structure is essential for expressing complete thoughts within the logical framework of the sentence.

Object + 을/를 논증하다
The most common pattern. Used for direct nouns like '가설' (hypothesis), '원리' (principle), or '타당성' (validity).
Clause + 임을 논증하다
Used when the thing being proven is a statement. For example: '이 방법이 효율적임을 논증하다' (To prove that this method is efficient).

저자는 책 전체를 통해 민주주의의 가치를 논증하고 있습니다. (The author is proving the value of democracy throughout the entire book.)

우리는 실험 결과를 바탕으로 이 가설이 틀렸음을 논증해야 합니다. (We must prove that this hypothesis is wrong based on the experimental results.)

In terms of tense and mood, 논증하다 follows standard verb conjugations. In formal writing, it often appears in the ~ㄴ다 form (논증한다) or the ~습니다 form (논증합니다). When describing a finished proof, the past tense 논증하였다 (or contracted 논증했다) is used. It is also common to see it in the passive-like form 논증되다 (to be proven/demonstrated), which shifts the focus from the person proving to the argument itself. For example, '그의 이론은 이미 논증되었다' (His theory has already been demonstrated/proven). This passive usage is very common in scientific literature where objectivity is prioritized.

You will rarely hear 논증하다 at a coffee shop or a family dinner. Instead, its natural habitat is within the walls of institutions and through formal media. If you watch a televised political debate in Korea, moderators often ask candidates to 논증 their policy proposals. Similarly, in a university lecture hall, a professor of logic or mathematics will use this word constantly when going through proofs on the blackboard. It is a word of 'high-level discourse.' When a news anchor discusses a Supreme Court ruling, they might mention how the judges 논증 the constitutionality of a law. It also appears in documentaries that explore historical mysteries or scientific breakthroughs, where the narrator explains how researchers 논증 a new discovery.

News & Editorials
Op-ed writers use this word to describe how they are validating their stance on social issues.
Legal Proceedings
Lawyers and judges use it to refer to the logical substantiation of legal claims.

오늘 토론에서 각 후보는 자신의 경제 정책이 왜 실효성이 있는지를 논증해야 합니다. (In today's debate, each candidate must demonstrate why their economic policies are effective.)

교수님은 칠판에 복잡한 수식을 적으며 피타고라스의 정리를 논증하셨다. (The professor wrote complex formulas on the blackboard and demonstrated the Pythagorean theorem.)

If you are reading a Korean non-fiction book, particularly in the fields of sociology, philosophy, or law, look for 논증하다 in the introduction or conclusion. Authors often use it to summarize their goals: '본고는 다음과 같은 사실을 논증하고자 한다' (This paper intends to prove the following facts). Understanding this word helps you identify the core 'mission' of a piece of formal writing. It signals that the author is about to engage in a rigorous defense of their ideas, inviting the reader to judge the quality of their logic.

The most common mistake learners make with 논증하다 is using it in casual situations where 'prove' (증명하다) or 'explain' (설명하다) would be more appropriate. For example, if you want to prove to your friend that you can eat spicy food, you should say '증명할게' (I'll prove it), not '논증할게.' Using 논증하다 in such a context sounds overly stiff, like you are trying to write a dissertation about your dinner. Another mistake is confusing it with 주장하다 (to claim). While 논증하다 includes a claim, it specifically refers to the *proof* of that claim. If you only state your opinion without logic, you are 주장-ing, not 논증-ing.

Misuse of Formality
Avoid: '내가 어제 숙제를 했다는 걸 논증할게.' (Too formal for daily life). Use: '증명할게' or '보여줄게'.
Confusion with 'Explain'
'설명하다' is for making someone understand; '논증하다' is for making someone accept a truth through logic.

틀린 예: 친구에게 내가 어제 아팠다는 것을 논증했다. (Wrong: I logically demonstrated to my friend that I was sick yesterday.)

Additionally, ensure that the object of 논증하다 is something that *can* be proven logically. You cannot '논증' a feeling or a personal preference in the same way you '논증' a mathematical theorem. For instance, '나는 사과를 좋아함을 논증한다' (I prove that I like apples) sounds nonsensical because a personal preference doesn't require a logical proof; it is a subjective state. Use this verb for objective truths, theoretical propositions, or legal arguments where logic is the primary tool.

To truly master 논증하다, you must distinguish it from its synonyms. The most common alternative is 증명하다 (jeungmyeonghada). While both mean 'to prove,' 증명하다 is broader and can refer to showing an ID card (신분 증명) or scientific evidence. 논증하다 is specifically about the *discursive* and *logical* aspect. Another similar word is 입증하다 (ipjeunghada), which is often used in legal contexts to mean 'to substantiate' with hard evidence like fingerprints or documents. 설파하다 (seolpahada) means to explain a doctrine or theory persuasively, focusing more on the act of preaching or spreading an idea than the strict logical proof.

증명하다 vs 논증하다
'증명' is general proof; '논증' is proof through logical reasoning and argumentation.
입증하다 vs 논증하다
'입증' emphasizes factual evidence; '논증' emphasizes the logical connection between ideas.
변증하다 (byeonjeunghada)
To defend an argument against criticism, often used in theology (Apologetics).

과학자는 실험을 통해 가설을 증명했다. (The scientist proved the hypothesis through experiments - general.)

변호사는 피고인의 알리바이를 입증했다. (The lawyer substantiated the defendant's alibi - factual/legal.)

Finally, consider 실증하다 (siljeunghada), which means to prove through actual practice or empirical data. This is common in social sciences when a theory is tested against real-world statistics. While 논증하다 can be purely theoretical (like in philosophy), 실증하다 always requires '실제' (reality/practice). Choosing the right word among these synonyms will make your Korean sound much more precise and professional.

How Formal Is It?

रोचक तथ्य

The character '論' (non) also appears in '논어' (Noneo), the Korean name for the Analects of Confucius, highlighting its deep roots in scholarly discussion.

उच्चारण मार्गदर्शिका

UK /nondzuŋɦada/
US /nondzuŋɦada/
The stress is relatively even across syllables, with a slight rise on '논' and '증'.
तुकबंदी
검증하다 (geomjeunghada) 인증하다 (injeunghada) 확증하다 (hwakjeunghada) 실증하다 (siljeunghada) 입증하다 (ipjeunghada) 방증하다 (bangjeunghada) 변증하다 (byeonjeunghada) 심증 (simjeung)
आम गलतियाँ
  • Pronouncing '논' as '눈' (nun - eye/snow).
  • Over-aspirating the 'h' in '하다'.
  • Confusing the 'eu' sound in '증' with 'u' (joong).
  • Failing to pronounce the 'ng' (ㅇ) clearly at the end of '증'.
  • Pausing too long between '논증' and '하다'.

कठिनाई स्तर

पठन 8/5

Common in academic texts but rarely seen in casual reading.

लिखना 9/5

Requires understanding of formal sentence structures and nominalization.

बोलना 7/5

Easy to conjugate, but hard to find the right natural context to use it.

श्रवण 8/5

Mainly heard in lectures, news, and documentaries.

आगे क्या सीखें

पूर्वापेक्षाएँ

논리 (logic) 증명하다 (to prove) 주장하다 (to claim) 이유 (reason) 근거 (basis)

आगे सीखें

입증하다 (to substantiate) 실증적 (empirical) 귀납법 (induction) 연역법 (deduction) 타당성 (validity)

उन्नत

변증법 (dialectic) 정합성 (coherence) 명제 (proposition) 전제 (premise) 결론 (conclusion)

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

~음을 논증하다 (Nominalizing with -음)

그가 범인임을 논증했다.

~기 위해(서) (In order to)

주장을 논증하기 위해 증거를 수집했다.

~을/를 통해 (Through/Via)

실험을 통해 가설을 논증했다.

~ㄴ다는 점을 논증하다 (Proving the point that...)

이것이 위험하다는 점을 논증해야 한다.

~에 의하여 논증되다 (Be proven by...)

이 정리는 수학적 원리에 의하여 논증되었다.

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

1

선생님이 이유를 말해요.

The teacher says the reason.

A1 level uses '말하다' instead of '논증하다'.

2

이것이 왜 맞는지 설명해요.

Explain why this is correct.

A1 level uses '설명하다' (to explain).

3

나는 내 생각이 맞다고 생각해요.

I think my thought is right.

Simple sentence structure.

4

친구가 증거를 보여줘요.

A friend shows the evidence.

Uses '보여주다' (to show).

5

그것은 진짜예요.

That is real.

Simple statement of fact.

6

왜 그런지 물어봐요.

Ask why that is so.

Focus on '왜' (why).

7

공부를 하면 똑똑해져요.

If you study, you become smart.

Simple cause and effect.

8

이 책은 좋아요.

This book is good.

Basic adjective use.

1

그는 자신의 주장이 맞음을 증명했어요.

He proved that his claim was right.

Uses '증명하다' which is more common at A2.

2

이유를 들어서 설명해 주세요.

Please explain by giving reasons.

'-어/아서' to show method.

3

수학 문제를 어떻게 풀었는지 보여주세요.

Show me how you solved the math problem.

'-는지' clause.

4

변호사는 그 사람이 착하다는 것을 말했어요.

The lawyer said that the person is good.

'-는 것' to make a noun clause.

5

과학자가 새로운 사실을 찾아냈어요.

The scientist found a new fact.

Past tense of '찾아내다'.

6

우리는 왜 규칙을 지켜야 하는지 배웠어요.

We learned why we must follow the rules.

'-야 하다' (must).

7

그 결과가 왜 중요한지 아세요?

Do you know why that result is important?

Interrogative form.

8

이 사진이 제 말이 진짜임을 보여줍니다.

This photo shows that my words are true.

'-음' nominalization.

1

작가는 이 책에서 사랑의 힘을 논증하려고 합니다.

The author tries to demonstrate the power of love in this book.

'-려고 하다' (intend to).

2

그 이론이 틀렸음을 논증하는 것은 쉽지 않아요.

It is not easy to prove that the theory is wrong.

'-는 것은' as a subject.

3

토론에서 상대방의 논리를 논증으로 반박하세요.

Refute the opponent's logic with proof in the debate.

'-으로' (by means of).

4

이 보고서는 환경 오염의 심각성을 논증하고 있습니다.

This report is proving the seriousness of environmental pollution.

'-고 있다' (progressive).

5

자신의 주장을 논증하기 위해 자료를 모으세요.

Collect data to prove your claim.

'-기 위해' (in order to).

6

전문가는 그 사건의 원인을 명확히 논증했습니다.

The expert clearly demonstrated the cause of the incident.

Adverb '명확히' (clearly).

7

우리는 이 방법이 최선임을 논증해야 합니다.

We must prove that this method is the best.

'-야 하다' (obligation).

8

그의 논증은 매우 논리적이어서 설득력이 있어요.

His demonstration is very logical, so it's persuasive.

'-어서' (cause/reason).

1

이 논문은 새로운 기술의 효율성을 성공적으로 논증하였다.

This paper successfully demonstrated the efficiency of the new technology.

Formal past tense '-하였다'.

2

철학적인 명제를 논증하는 과정은 매우 복잡하다.

The process of proving a philosophical proposition is very complex.

Adjective '복잡하다' (complex).

3

검사는 피고인의 범죄 사실을 논증하기 위해 증거를 제시했다.

The prosecutor presented evidence to prove the facts of the defendant's crime.

Noun '범죄 사실' (facts of a crime).

4

이것이 왜 사회적 문제인지 논증해 보시겠습니까?

Would you like to try demonstrating why this is a social issue?

'-어 보다' (try doing) + '-시겠습니까' (polite question).

5

그 수학자는 수십 년간 풀리지 않았던 난제를 논증했다.

The mathematician proved a difficult problem that hadn't been solved for decades.

Noun '난제' (difficult problem).

6

데이터를 통해 가설의 타당성을 논증하는 것이 필수적이다.

It is essential to prove the validity of the hypothesis through data.

Adjective '필수적이다' (essential).

7

그는 자신의 무죄를 논증할 수 있는 결정적인 단서를 찾았다.

He found a decisive clue that could prove his innocence.

'-ㄹ 수 있는' (can).

8

역사학자들은 그 유물이 가짜임을 과학적으로 논증했다.

Historians scientifically demonstrated that the artifact was a fake.

Adverb '과학적으로' (scientifically).

1

칸트는 순수 이성 비판에서 인식의 한계를 엄밀하게 논증했다.

Kant strictly demonstrated the limits of cognition in the Critique of Pure Reason.

Adverb '엄밀하게' (strictly/rigorously).

2

이 연구는 기존 이론의 모순점을 날카롭게 논증하고 있다.

This research is sharply demonstrating the contradictions of existing theories.

Noun '모순점' (contradiction/point of inconsistency).

3

법정에서 변호인은 피고인의 정당방위를 치밀하게 논증하였다.

In court, the defense attorney meticulously demonstrated the defendant's self-defense.

Adverb '치밀하게' (meticulously).

4

그 학설은 논리적 비약 없이 탄탄하게 논증되었다.

The theory was solidly demonstrated without any logical leaps.

Passive form '논증되었다'.

5

사회학자는 계층 간의 갈등이 심화되고 있음을 논증했다.

The sociologist demonstrated that conflicts between classes are intensifying.

Noun '심화' (intensification).

6

이 글의 목적은 현대 사회의 개인주의가 초래한 결과를 논증하는 데 있다.

The purpose of this writing lies in demonstrating the consequences brought about by individualism in modern society.

'-는 데 있다' (lies in doing).

7

논증의 과정에서 오류가 발견되면 결론은 무효가 된다.

If an error is found in the process of demonstration, the conclusion becomes invalid.

Noun '무효' (invalidity).

8

그는 경제적 불평등이 교육의 기회에 미치는 영향을 논증했다.

He demonstrated the impact that economic inequality has on educational opportunities.

'-에 미치는 영향' (impact on).

1

본 논문은 데리다의 해체주의적 관점에서 텍스트의 다의성을 논증하고자 한다.

This paper intends to demonstrate the polysemy of the text from Derrida's deconstructionist perspective.

'-하고자 한다' (intends to - very formal).

2

형이상학적 체계를 논증하기 위해서는 선험적 전제가 필요하다.

To demonstrate a metaphysical system, transcendental premises are necessary.

Adjective '선험적' (transcendental/a priori).

3

그의 변론은 법리적 정합성을 완벽하게 논증했다는 평가를 받는다.

His defense is evaluated as having perfectly demonstrated legal coherence.

Noun '정합성' (coherence/consistency).

4

언어철학자들은 의미의 객관성이 어떻게 확보되는지를 논증해 왔다.

Linguistic philosophers have been demonstrating how the objectivity of meaning is secured.

'-해 왔다' (have been doing).

5

이 가설은 수많은 반박에도 불구하고 여전히 유효함이 논증되었다.

It has been demonstrated that this hypothesis remains valid despite numerous refutations.

'-에도 불구하고' (despite).

6

양자역학의 원리가 거시 세계에서도 적용될 수 있음을 논증하는 실험이 진행 중이다.

Experiments are underway to demonstrate that the principles of quantum mechanics can also be applied in the macroscopic world.

Noun '거시 세계' (macroscopic world).

7

저자는 자본주의의 내적 모순이 필연적으로 붕괴를 초래함을 논증한다.

The author demonstrates that the internal contradictions of capitalism inevitably lead to collapse.

Adverb '필연적으로' (inevitably).

8

수학적 귀납법을 사용하여 모든 자연수에 대해 이 공식이 성립함을 논증했다.

Using mathematical induction, it was demonstrated that this formula holds for all natural numbers.

Noun '수학적 귀납법' (mathematical induction).

समानार्थी शब्द

विलोम शब्द

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

논리적으로 논증하다
타당성을 논증하다
가설을 논증하다
정당성을 논증하다
성공적으로 논증하다
치밀하게 논증하다
과학적으로 논증하다
수학적으로 논증하다
사실임을 논증하다
이미 논증된

सामान्य वाक्यांश

논증의 과정

— The process of argumentation or proof.

논증의 과정에서 실수가 있었다.

논증적 사고

— Argumentative or logical thinking.

학생들에게는 논증적 사고가 필요하다.

논증의 한계

— The limits of what can be proven logically.

이 문제는 인간 논증의 한계를 벗어나 있다.

귀납적 논증

— Inductive reasoning/argument.

그는 귀납적 논증을 통해 결론을 도출했다.

연역적 논증

— Deductive reasoning/argument.

수학은 연역적 논증을 기본으로 한다.

논증의 오류

— A fallacy in the argument.

그의 글에는 몇 가지 논증의 오류가 보인다.

논증의 구성

— The structure of an argument.

논증의 구성이 매우 탄탄하다.

논증의 힘

— The power of a logical proof.

논증의 힘은 진실에서 나온다.

반대 논증

— Counter-argument.

그의 주장에 대한 반대 논증이 제시되었다.

논증을 펼치다

— To lay out or develop an argument.

그는 강연에서 자신의 철학적 논증을 펼쳤다.

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

논증하다 vs 논쟁하다

To argue or dispute with someone (a fight of words). '논증하다' is to prove something logically.

논증하다 vs 증명하다

A general term for 'to prove'. '논증하다' is a subset of '증명하다' focusing on logical discourse.

논증하다 vs 설명하다

To explain. You can explain something without proving it, but you can't '논증' without explaining.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"논증의 여지가 없다"

— There is no room for argument; it is indisputably true.

그가 범인이라는 사실은 논증의 여지가 없다.

Formal
"입이 열 개라도 할 말이 없다"

— Even with ten mouths, one has nothing to say (cannot defend oneself). Often used when a logical defense (논증) is impossible.

잘못이 너무 명백해서 입이 열 개라도 할 말이 없습니다.

Common
"기틀을 잡다"

— To establish a foundation. Often used when someone sets up the basis for a logical proof.

그는 논증을 위한 기틀을 잡는 데 집중했다.

Neutral
"맥을 짚다"

— To get to the heart of the matter. Identifying the core of a logical argument.

그는 토론에서 상대방 논증의 맥을 정확히 짚었다.

Neutral
"뜬구름 잡다"

— To chase clouds (to say something vague/unrealistic). The opposite of a solid '논증'.

논증 없이 뜬구름 잡는 소리만 하지 마세요.

Informal
"말문이 막히다"

— To be speechless. What happens when someone's '논증' is too strong to refute.

그의 완벽한 논증에 상대방은 말문이 막혔다.

Neutral
"도마 위에 오르다"

— To be put on the chopping block (to be criticized). When an argument is being scrutinized logically.

그의 논증은 학계의 도마 위에 올랐다.

Neutral
"쐐기를 박다"

— To drive a wedge (to make something certain). To provide a final, indisputable proof.

이 증거는 그의 유죄 논증에 쐐기를 박았다.

Neutral
"발목을 잡다"

— To hold someone back. When a logical flaw ruins an entire argument.

작은 오류 하나가 전체 논증의 발목을 잡았다.

Neutral
"한 우물을 파다"

— To dig one well (to focus on one thing). To consistently work on proving one specific theory.

그는 평생 그 가설을 논증하기 위해 한 우물을 팠다.

Neutral

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

논증하다 vs 입증하다

Both involve proving something.

'입증' is often factual/empirical (evidence-based), while '논증' is logical/theoretical (reasoning-based).

지문을 통해 범인을 입증했다 vs. 논리를 통해 범죄 가능성을 논증했다.

논증하다 vs 실증하다

Both are formal ways to prove things.

'실증' requires actual data or practice. '논증' can be purely abstract logic.

이론을 실증하기 위해 실험했다 vs. 수학적 공식을 논증했다.

논증하다 vs 주장하다

Arguments involve claims.

'주장' is just saying what you think. '논증' is showing why what you think must be true.

그는 무죄를 주장했다 vs. 그는 무죄를 논증했다.

논증하다 vs 해설하다

Both involve explaining a complex topic.

'해설' is providing a commentary or interpretation. '논증' is establishing truth.

작품을 해설하다 vs. 이론을 논증하다.

논증하다 vs 분석하다

Proving something often requires analysis.

'분석' is breaking something down into parts. '논증' is building a case to prove a point.

데이터를 분석하다 vs. 가설을 논증하다.

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

B2

N + 의 타당성을 논증하다

가설의 타당성을 논증하다.

B2

S + 음을 논증하다

그가 옳음을 논증하다.

C1

논리적 비약 없이 논증하다

그는 논리적 비약 없이 자신의 이론을 논증했다.

C1

데이터를 바탕으로 논증하다

통계 데이터를 바탕으로 주장을 논증했다.

C2

S + 다는 점을 치밀하게 논증하다

기존 학설이 틀렸다는 점을 치밀하게 논증하다.

C2

반대 논증을 제기하다

학계에서는 그의 이론에 반대 논증을 제기했다.

B2

이미 논증된 사실이다

이것은 이미 과학적으로 논증된 사실이다.

C1

논증의 오류를 지적하다

교수님은 내 리포트의 논증의 오류를 지적하셨다.

शब्द परिवार

संज्ञा

논증 (argumentation/proof)
논증문 (argumentative essay)
논증성 (argumentative nature)
논거 (logical grounds/premise)

क्रिया

논증되다 (to be proven/demonstrated)
논증시키다 (to make someone prove)

विशेषण

논증적 (argumentative/logical)
논증 가능하다 (provable)

संबंधित

논리 (logic)
증명 (proof)
주장 (claim)
근거 (basis)
추론 (inference)

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

frequency

Low in daily life, very high in academic and legal writing.

सामान्य गलतियाँ
  • Using '논증하다' for showing an ID. 신분증을 제시하다 / 증명하다

    Showing an ID is a simple act of showing, not a complex logical process.

  • Saying '내가 너를 사랑하는 걸 논증해.' 내가 너를 사랑하는 걸 증명해 봐.

    Love is an emotion/state, not a logical proposition to be 'demonstrated'.

  • Confusing '논증하다' with '논쟁하다'. 그들은 서로 논쟁했다 (They argued).

    '논쟁' is a fight/dispute; '논증' is a proof.

  • Using '논증하다' as an intransitive verb. 주장을 논증하다 (Transitive).

    You must have an object (what you are proving).

  • Using it in a very casual text message. 말해줄게 / 보여줄게

    It's too heavy for KakaoTalk unless you're being ironic.

सुझाव

Academic Writing

When writing a thesis, use '논증하다' to describe your goal in the introduction. It shows that you have a rigorous plan.

Logic vs. Emotion

Never use '논증하다' for emotional appeals. It is strictly for the 'head,' not the 'heart'.

Nominalization

Practice the '~음/임을 논증하다' pattern. It is the most natural way to use this verb with complex ideas.

Word Pairs

Learn '논증' with '논거' (logical grounds). You cannot have a good '논증' without a solid '논거'.

Presentations

In a formal presentation, say '지금부터 제 주장을 논증하겠습니다' to signal that you are moving to the evidence phase.

Spotting the Thesis

If you see '논증하고자 한다' in a text, the sentence right before or after it is likely the main thesis of the author.

Refutation

To sound smart in a debate, say '그 논증에는 오류가 있습니다' (There is an error in that argument).

TOPIK II Tip

Using '논증하다' in the 54th question of TOPIK II can significantly boost your 'Vocabulary and Grammar' score.

Intellectual Tone

Using this word correctly makes you sound like a 'Ji-sik-in' (intellectual) in Korea.

Root Recognition

Whenever you see '논' at the start of a serious word, think of 'discourse' or 'logic' (like 논리, 논문, 토론).

याद करें

स्मृति सहायक

Think of 'NON' (Discussion) + 'JEUNG' (Proof). You are NON-stop discussing the proof (JEUNG) until it's finished.

दृश्य संबंध

Imagine a scale (justice) where one side has a 'book' (logic) and the other has a 'magnifying glass' (evidence). Putting them together is '논증하다'.

Word Web

논리 (Logic) 논문 (Thesis) 토론 (Debate) 증거 (Evidence) 증명 (Proof) 입증 (Verification) 결론 (Conclusion) 전제 (Premise)

चैलेंज

Try to write three sentences about a social issue using '논증하다' instead of '말하다'. Focus on why your opinion is logically sound.

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

Derived from Sino-Korean (Hanja) roots. '논' (論) comes from characters meaning 'discourse' or 'theory', and '증' (證) comes from characters meaning 'evidence' or 'witness'.

मूल अर्थ: To witness or provide evidence through discourse.

Sino-Korean

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

It is a neutral, academic word. No specific cultural sensitivities, but using it in casual settings can make you sound arrogant or overly formal.

English speakers might just say 'prove,' but '논증하다' is closer to 'demonstrate' in a philosophical sense (like Q.E.D.).

The Socratic Method is often described as a form of '논증'. René Descartes' 'I think, therefore I am' is a famous '논증'. The Korean 'Non-sul' (essay) exam for college admission.

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

Academic Writing

  • 가설을 논증하다
  • 타당성을 논증하다
  • 결과를 논증하다
  • 이론을 논증하다

Legal/Court

  • 유죄를 논증하다
  • 무죄를 논증하다
  • 범행을 논증하다
  • 정당성을 논증하다

Formal Debate

  • 주장을 논증하다
  • 반대 논증을 펼치다
  • 논리적으로 논증하다
  • 오류를 논증하다

Philosophy

  • 명제를 논증하다
  • 존재를 논증하다
  • 가치를 논증하다
  • 원리를 논증하다

Mathematics

  • 정리를 논증하다
  • 공식을 논증하다
  • 해법을 논증하다
  • 참임을 논증하다

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"자신의 주장을 논증할 때 가장 중요한 것은 무엇이라고 생각하세요?"

"과학적 사실을 논증하는 것과 역사적 사실을 논증하는 것 중 무엇이 더 어려울까요?"

"토론에서 상대방의 논증을 반박할 때 어떤 방법을 사용하시나요?"

"최근에 읽은 책 중에서 작가의 논증이 가장 훌륭했던 책은 무엇인가요?"

"법정에서 변호사가 피고인의 무죄를 논증하는 과정을 본 적이 있나요?"

डायरी विषय

당신이 가장 중요하게 생각하는 가치 하나를 선택하고, 그것이 왜 중요한지 논리적으로 논증해 보세요.

현대 사회의 문제 하나를 골라 그 원인이 무엇인지 데이터를 바탕으로 논증하는 글을 써 보세요.

만약 당신이 변호사라면, 억울하게 누명을 쓴 사람을 어떻게 논증하여 구할 수 있을지 적어 보세요.

학교 교육에서 '논증하는 법'을 가르치는 것이 왜 필수적인지 자신의 생각을 논증해 보세요.

논증과 감정적인 설득 중 무엇이 사람의 마음을 움직이는 데 더 효과적인지 논증해 보세요.

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

No, it would sound very strange and overly formal. Use '설명하다' or '말하다' instead. Even in a serious family discussion, '증명하다' is a better choice if you want to prove something.

'논리' (non-ri) is 'logic' itself—the system of thinking. '논증' (non-jeung) is the 'act of proving' using that logic. Logic is the tool; argumentation is the action.

Yes, but scientists often prefer '실증하다' (to prove empirically) or '입증하다' (to substantiate) when they have physical data. '논증하다' is used when explaining the theoretical framework or the logical steps of the research.

You can say '반대 논증' (bandae non-jeung) or more commonly '반박' (ban-bak).

Yes, it is very common in the reading and writing sections of TOPIK II (Intermediate/Advanced). You should definitely know it for a B2 level score.

In a philosophical sense, '논증' can be based purely on logic (rationalism). In a modern academic sense, it usually requires both logic and some form of evidence or data.

Technically yes, but it sounds like you are writing a philosophical treatise on love. In a romantic context, you would say '사랑을 증명하다'.

It means 'deductive reasoning'—starting from a general rule and reaching a specific conclusion (e.g., All humans are mortal; Socrates is human; therefore, Socrates is mortal).

It means 'inductive reasoning'—starting from specific observations to reach a general conclusion (e.g., Every swan I've seen is white; therefore, all swans are white).

Yes, it is very common. Lawyers '논증' their case to the judge and jury by connecting evidence to the law.

खुद को परखो 200 सवाल

writing

Write a sentence using '논증하다' to say you are proving a hypothesis.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'The lawyer demonstrated the defendant's innocence.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Use '~임을 논증하다' in a sentence about environmental pollution.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a short paragraph (2 sentences) about the importance of logic in a debate using '논증하다'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'It is a scientifically proven fact.' (Use '논증되다')

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a sentence using '논증의 오류'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'I want to prove the validity of this plan.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Use '데이터를 바탕으로' and '논증하다' in one sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a sentence about a mathematician proving a theorem.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'There is no room for argument.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a formal sentence about a philosopher proving God's existence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Use '논증 과정' in a sentence about an error.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'This paper demonstrates the cause of the economic crisis.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a sentence using '논증적 사고'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'Please demonstrate why your answer is correct.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Use '엄밀하게' with '논증하다'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a sentence about a counter-argument (반대 논증).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'The truth was finally demonstrated.' (Use '논증되다')

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Write a sentence using '타당성' and '논증'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
writing

Translate: 'We must prove that this method is efficient.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

How do you say 'I will prove my claim' formally?

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

State that there is a logical error in the proof.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Ask a classmate to prove their answer.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say 'This fact has already been proven' in a formal tone.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Explain that '논증' is important in a debate.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Pronounce '논증하다' correctly. (Self-check)

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say 'I will prove that I am right' formally.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Use '데이터를 통해' in a sentence about proving something.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say 'The process of proof is complex.'

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Express that a theory lacks logical proof.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Tell someone 'There is no room for argument.'

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Ask 'How can we prove the validity?'

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say 'The lawyer proved the innocence.'

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say 'We need a meticulous proof.'

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Use '과학적으로' with '논증하다'.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say 'The author is proving the value of peace.'

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say 'This is an argumentative essay.'

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

State that the conclusion was proven through logic.

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say 'Let's look at the counter-argument.'

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
speaking

Say 'The proof was successful.'

Read this aloud:

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen to the word: '논증'. Does it mean argument or proof?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

In a news report, you hear '유죄를 논증하다'. Is the person guilty or innocent?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen for '오류' (error). If you hear '논증의 오류', is the argument good?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

You hear '이미 논증되었습니다'. Did the proof happen in the past or future?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen for '타당성'. What is being proven?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

If you hear '논증해 보십시오', is it a command or a question?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen for '치밀하게'. How was the proof done?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

You hear '논증문'. What kind of text is it?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

If you hear '반대 논증', is the person agreeing?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen for '논리적으로'. What is the method?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

You hear '가설을 논증하다'. What is a '가설'?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

If you hear '논증의 여지가 없다', is there a doubt?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen for '수학적'. What subject is being discussed?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

You hear '논증 과정'. What does '과정' mean?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
listening

Listen for '입증' and '논증'. Which one sounds more like 'factual evidence'?

सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:
सही! बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब:

/ 200 correct

Perfect score!

संबंधित सामग्री

academic के और शब्द

입체적

B2

त्रिविमीय (3D) प्रभाव होना या किसी चीज़ को एक ही सपाट दृष्टिकोण के बजाय कई दृष्टिकोणों से देखना।

~에 관해

B1

एक वाक्यांश जिसका अर्थ है 'के बारे में' या 'के संबंध में'। इसका उपयोग औपचारिक संदर्भों में विषय पेश करने के लिए किया जाता है।

~에 대하여

A2

किसी विशेष विषय के बारे में या उसके संबंध में। 'हम पर्यावरण के बारे में बात कर रहे हैं।'

~대해

A2

इसका अर्थ है 'के बारे में' या 'के विषय में'। इसका उपयोग यह बताने के लिए किया जाता है कि आप किस बारे में बात कर रहे हैं।

~에 관하여

A2

किसी विषय के बारे में या उसके संबंध में। रिपोर्ट या भाषण जैसी औपचारिक स्थितियों में उपयोग किया जाता है।

~에 대해(서)

A1

चर्चा के विषय या मुद्दे को इंगित करता है, जिसका अर्थ है 'के बारे में' या 'के संबंध में'। इसका उपयोग अक्सर बोलने या सोचने जैसी क्रियाओं के साथ किया जाता है।

무엇보다

A2

सब से ऊपर; किसी भी चीज़ से ज़्यादा।

결석생

A2

A student who is absent from class.

추상화하다

B2

अमूर्त करना (Abstract): किसी चीज़ को उसके भौतिक वास्तविकता से अलग या सैद्धांतिक रूप से विचार करना।

추상

A2

Abstraction; the quality of dealing with ideas rather than events.

क्या यह मददगार था?
अभी तक कोई टिप्पणी नहीं। अपने विचार साझा करने वाले पहले व्यक्ति बनें!