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B2 noun #1,500 सबसे आम 6 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

과정

gwajeong शीर्ष 1,500

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव 과정 30 सेकंड में

व्याख्या 과정 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '과정' might be a bit difficult, but you can think of it as 'steps' or 'how to do something'. It is often used when talking about school. For example, '한국어 과정' means 'Korean language course'. You can imagine it like a path you walk on from the start of a class to the end. It is a noun. You use it to talk about the things you do to finish a job or a lesson. Even if you don't use it much yet, you will see it on school posters or in simple books about how things grow, like a flower growing from a seed.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the A2 level, you start to see '과정' in more daily contexts. It means the 'process' or 'way' something happens. You might hear it in a cooking video: '요리 과정' (cooking process). It helps you group several actions together. Instead of saying 'I cut the onions, then I boiled the water, then I added salt,' you can say 'The cooking process was fun.' It is also very common in education. If you are taking a special class, it is a '교육 과정'. You should remember that '과정' is a noun and usually comes before or after other nouns to describe a series of events.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the B1 level, '과정' becomes an essential word for describing experiences and workflows. You use it to explain how you achieved something. For example, '성공하는 과정에서 힘들었어요' (It was hard in the process of succeeding). Here, it acts as a conceptual bridge between the start and the finish. You will also encounter it in more formal settings, like '입사 과정' (the process of joining a company/hiring process). You should be able to use it with particles like -에서 (in the process) and -을/를 거치다 (to go through a process). It's no longer just about 'steps', but about the continuous flow of an activity.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the B2 level, you are expected to use '과정' to discuss abstract concepts and professional procedures. You should distinguish it from '절차' (formal procedure) and '단계' (stage). In a B2 level discussion, you might analyze the '의사결정 과정' (decision-making process) of a government or the '심리적 과정' (psychological process) of a character in a book. You will also use it to describe academic paths in detail, such as '석사 과정' (Master's) or '박사 과정' (Doctorate). You should be comfortable using it in complex sentences, such as '결과에만 집착하기보다 과정을 즐기는 태도가 필요하다' (An attitude of enjoying the process rather than just obsessing over the result is necessary).

At the C1 level, '과정' is used with high precision in academic and technical discourse. You will use it to describe complex systems, such as '사회화 과정' (socialization process) or '역사적 변천 과정' (historical transition process). You should be able to nuance your speech by choosing '과정' to emphasize the organic development of an event, as opposed to '절차' which would emphasize the bureaucratic or rigid side. In writing, you will use it to structure arguments, analyzing the '논증 과정' (process of argumentation). You are also expected to know idiomatic collocations and how '과정' interacts with various Hanja-based verbs to describe sophisticated phenomena.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of '과정', using it to articulate philosophical and highly specialized concepts. You might discuss the '인지적 처리 과정' (cognitive processing) in linguistics or the '민주화 과정' (democratization process) in political science with ease. You understand the subtle differences between the two Hanja versions (過程 vs 課程) and can use them in appropriate contexts. Your usage reflects an understanding of '과정' as a fundamental category of thought—how time, action, and structure intersect. You can critique the '과정의 정당성' (legitimacy of the process) in legal or ethical debates, demonstrating a deep integration of the word into your advanced vocabulary.

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसका अभ्यास करें उदाहरण नोट्स और सुझाव

과정 30 सेकंड में

과정 means 'process' or 'steps' taken to achieve a result, emphasizing the journey over the final destination.
It also refers to a 'course' or 'curriculum' in educational settings, like a Master's or Doctoral program.
Commonly paired with verbs like '거치다' (to go through) and nouns like '교육' (education) or '제작' (production).
Essential for intermediate and advanced Korean to describe how things develop, evolve, or are organized systematically.

The Korean word 과정 is a versatile noun that primarily functions in two semantic domains: the sequential progression of events (process) and the structured path of education (curriculum). At its core, it describes the 'passage' or 'way' through which something moves from a beginning state to a conclusion. In a professional or scientific context, it refers to the systematic series of actions or changes that bring about a specific result. For instance, when discussing the manufacturing of a product, the '제작 과정' (manufacturing process) encompasses every step from raw material sourcing to final quality control. In an academic sense, it refers to the 'course' or 'program' one follows, such as '석사 과정' (Master's course). Understanding this word requires recognizing that it emphasizes the *middle*—the journey rather than just the destination.

Etymological Root: The Hanja 過程 (과정) consists of '過' (to pass/go through) and '程' (degree/rule/journey). This implies a measured passage through time or space.
Academic Context: When used as 課程, it specifically denotes a curriculum or a syllabus, focusing on the structured requirements of a degree.

결과도 중요하지만, 그 과정에서 무엇을 배웠는지가 더 중요합니다. (The result is important, but what you learned in that process is more important.)

Furthermore, the word is used in abstract logic to describe the steps of an argument or the development of a thought. If a plan fails, one might analyze the '실패 과정' (process of failure) to identify where the logic or execution went wrong. In biological terms, it describes natural cycles like the '성장 과정' (growth process) of a plant or animal. It is an indispensable word for anyone moving beyond basic Korean into intermediate and advanced levels of discussion.

이 제품의 생산 과정은 매우 엄격하게 관리됩니다. (The production process of this product is managed very strictly.)

Synonym Note: While '절차' (procedure) focuses on formal rules, '과정' (process) focuses on the natural or logical flow of events.

Using 과정 correctly involves understanding its typical grammatical pairings. Most commonly, it is used with the particle '-의' to modify another noun, or with '-에서' to indicate that something happened *during* or *within* the process. For example, '성공의 과정' (the process of success) or '논의하는 과정에서' (in the process of discussing). It is a formal word, so it appears frequently in written reports, news broadcasts, and academic lectures. When you want to describe how something evolved over time, '과정' is your go-to noun.

Common Verb Pairings: 거치다 (to go through), 밟다 (to step through/follow), 생략하다 (to omit), 단축하다 (to shorten).

우리는 복잡한 승인 과정을 거쳐야 합니다. (We have to go through a complex approval process.)

In educational contexts, '과정' acts as a suffix-like noun to categorize levels of study. You don't just 'study' a Master's; you are 'in the Master's course' (석사 과정에 있다). This usage is very specific and formal. If you are describing the steps of a recipe, you might say '조리 과정' (cooking process). If you are talking about historical developments, you might refer to the '역사적 과정' (historical process). It allows the speaker to group individual actions into a single conceptual unit.

새로운 기술을 배우는 과정은 쉽지 않았습니다. (The process of learning new technology was not easy.)

Sentence Pattern: [Noun/Verb-는] + 과정 + [Particle]. Example: '해결하는 과정이...' (The process of solving...)

You will encounter 과정 in almost every professional or educational environment in Korea. On the news, anchors often discuss the '협상 과정' (negotiation process) between political parties or countries. In documentaries, narrators describe the '진화 과정' (evolutionary process) of species. In a corporate setting, your manager might ask you to document the '업무 과정' (work process) to improve efficiency. It is a staple of the 'Topik II' exam, appearing frequently in reading passages about sociology, science, and education.

이번 연구의 실험 과정을 자세히 기록해 주세요. (Please record the experimental process of this research in detail.)

In daily life, you might hear it at a gym or a language school. A trainer might explain the '훈련 과정' (training course), or a teacher might hand out a '교육 과정' (curriculum) sheet. Even in casual conversation, if someone is explaining a long story, they might say, '그 과정에서 오해가 생겼어' (A misunderstanding arose in that process). It serves as a cohesive device to link various events into a single narrative thread.

Workplace Usage: '결재 과정' (approval process) is a term every office worker in Korea knows well, referring to the chain of signatures needed for a task.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 과정 with 경과 (passage of time/progress). While '과정' refers to the *steps* or *stages* of an action, '경과' refers to how much time has passed or the resulting state after time has passed. For example, you 'observe the process' (과정을 관찰하다), but you 'check the progress after 3 days' (3일이 경과한 후 확인하다). Another confusion occurs with 순서 (order). '순서' is just the 1-2-3 sequence, whereas '과정' is the holistic experience of those steps.

틀린 표현: 시간이 과정했다. (X)
옳은 표현: 시간이 경과했다. (O)

Learners also sometimes use '과정' when they should use '방법' (method). '방법' is the *way* you do something (the technique), while '과정' is the *series of events* that occur. If you are asking for instructions, '방법' is usually better. If you are asking about the stages of a project, '과정' is correct. Lastly, in academic terms, don't confuse '과정' (the whole course) with '과목' (a single subject/class). You take many '과목' to complete one '과정'.

Confusing Pairs: 과정 (Process) vs. 절차 (Formal Procedure) vs. 단계 (Stage/Step).

To truly master 과정, you must distinguish it from its synonyms. The most common related words are 절차, 단계, and 코스. While they all deal with progression, their nuances differ significantly. '절차' (Procedure) is often used in legal, administrative, or formal contexts where specific rules must be followed in a set order. '단계' (Stage) refers to a specific level or point within a process, like '1단계' (Stage 1). '코스' (Course) is a loanword often used for food (course meal) or physical routes (hiking course).

과정 vs. 절차: 과정 is the natural flow; 절차 is the bureaucratic requirement. You go through a 'healing process' (치유 과정), but you follow 'legal procedures' (법적 절차).
과정 vs. 단계: 과정 is the whole line; 단계 is a dot on that line. A 'growth process' (성장 과정) consists of several 'growth stages' (성장 단계).

수술 과정 (The process of the surgery itself) vs. 수술 절차 (The paperwork and prep steps for surgery).

How Formal Is It?

कठिनाई स्तर

ज़रूरी व्याकरण

-는 과정에서 (In the process of doing...)

-기 위한 과정 (A process for doing...)

-의 과정을 거치다 (Go through the process of...)

-(으)로 가는 과정 (The process towards...)

-(으)ㄴ/는 과정을 통해 (Through the process of...)

पूरी व्याख्या पढ़ने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण

한국어 과정이 재미있어요.

The Korean course is fun.

과정 (noun) + 이 (subject particle)

이것은 요리 과정입니다.

This is the cooking process.

요리 (cooking) + 과정 (process)

공부 과정이 중요해요.

The study process is important.

공부 (study) + 과정 (process)

수업 과정이 끝났어요.

The class course has finished.

끝나다 (to finish) in past tense

만드는 과정이 쉬워요.

The making process is easy.

만드는 (making) + 과정 (process)

운동 과정이 힘들어요.

The exercise process is hard.

운동 (exercise) + 과정 (process)

그 과정은 짧아요.

That process is short.

그 (that) + 과정 (process)

학교 과정이 많아요.

There are many school courses.

많다 (to be many)

성장 과정이 궁금해요.

I'm curious about the growth process.

성장 (growth) + 과정 (process)

준비 과정이 복잡해요.

The preparation process is complicated.

준비 (preparation) + 과정 (process)

그는 교육 과정을 마쳤어요.

He finished the educational course.

마치다 (to finish/complete)

제작 과정을 보여주세요.

Please show me the production process.

보여주다 (to show)

배우는 과정이 즐거워요.

The process of learning is joyful.

배우는 (learning) + 과정 (process)

이 과정은 3개월 걸려요.

This process takes 3 months.

걸리다 (to take time)

수술 과정은 안전합니다.

The surgery process is safe.

수술 (surgery) + 과정 (process)

모든 과정이 자동입니다.

The whole process is automatic.

자동 (automatic)

결과보다 과정이 더 중요합니다.

The process is more important than the result.

보다 (than) comparison

실험 과정에서 실수가 있었어요.

There was a mistake in the experimental process.

과정에서 (in the process)

그는 석사 과정을 밟고 있어요.

He is taking a Master's course.

과정을 밟다 (to follow/take a course)

협상 과정이 순조롭지 않아요.

The negotiation process is not going smoothly.

순조롭다 (to be smooth/easy)

이 과정은 여러 단계를 거칩니다.

This process goes through several stages.

거치다 (to go through)

아이의 발달 과정을 관찰하세요.

Observe the child's development process.

발달 (development) + 과정 (process)

취업 과정이 너무 힘들어요.

The job-seeking process is so hard.

취업 (getting a job) + 과정 (process)

생산 과정을 단축해야 합니다.

We must shorten the production process.

단축하다 (to shorten)

의사결정 과정에 참여하고 싶어요.

I want to participate in the decision-making process.

의사결정 (decision making) + 과정 (process)

민주화 과정은 길고 험난했습니다.

The democratization process was long and arduous.

험난하다 (to be difficult/rugged)

그는 박사 과정을 수료했습니다.

He completed the coursework for his doctorate.

수료하다 (to complete a course)

심리적 변화 과정을 분석했습니다.

I analyzed the process of psychological change.

분석하다 (to analyze)

이론을 정립하는 과정이 필요합니다.

A process of establishing the theory is necessary.

정립하다 (to establish/set up)

사건의 경위와 과정을 조사 중입니다.

We are investigating the circumstances and process of the incident.

조사 중 (under investigation)

예술가는 창작 과정에서 고뇌합니다.

Artists suffer in the process of creation.

창작 (creation) + 과정 (process)

정보 처리 과정을 최적화합시다.

Let's optimize the information processing.

최적화하다 (to optimize)

사회화 과정은 평생 지속됩니다.

The socialization process continues throughout life.

지속되다 (to continue/last)

정책 수립 과정의 투명성이 요구됩니다.

Transparency in the policy-making process is required.

투명성 (transparency)

언어 습득 과정을 심도 있게 다뤘습니다.

The language acquisition process was dealt with in depth.

심도 있게 (in depth)

문명이 발달하는 과정을 고찰해 봅시다.

Let's contemplate the process of civilization's development.

고찰하다 (to contemplate/study)

진화 과정에서 도태된 종들이 있습니다.

There are species that were weeded out in the evolutionary process.

도태되다 (to be weeded out/selected out)

입법 과정에서의 갈등을 해소해야 합니다.

Conflicts in the legislative process must be resolved.

입법 (legislation) + 과정 (process)

자아 정체성 형성 과정을 탐구합니다.

Exploring the process of self-identity formation.

탐구하다 (to explore/investigate)

산업화 과정에서 환경 오염이 심화되었습니다.

Environmental pollution intensified during the industrialization process.

심화되다 (to intensify)

우주의 팽창 과정에 대한 새로운 가설입니다.

This is a new hypothesis regarding the expansion process of the universe.

팽창 (expansion) + 과정 (process)

인식론적 관점에서 지식의 형성 과정을 논하다.

Discussing the formation process of knowledge from an epistemological perspective.

인식론적 (epistemological)

역사의 변증법적 발전 과정을 추적했습니다.

I tracked the dialectical development process of history.

변증법적 (dialectical)

세포 분열 과정의 메커니즘을 규명했습니다.

The mechanism of the cell division process was identified.

규명하다 (to identify/investigate thoroughly)

정치적 정당성을 확보하는 과정이 결여되었습니다.

The process of securing political legitimacy was lacking.

결여되다 (to be lacking)

의식의 흐름과 사고 과정을 서술했습니다.

Described the flow of consciousness and the thought process.

서술하다 (to describe/narrate)

예산 편성 과정의 공정성을 제고해야 합니다.

The fairness of the budget formulation process must be enhanced.

제고하다 (to enhance/improve)

문학적 형상화 과정의 특징을 분석합니다.

Analyzing the characteristics of the literary figuration process.

형상화 (figuration/embodiment)

समानार्थी शब्द

절차 단계 경로 수순 커리큘럼

विलोम शब्द

결과 종착지 마무리

सामान्य शब्द संयोजन

과정을 거치다 (to go through a process)

과정을 밟다 (to follow a course/steps)

과정을 생략하다 (to skip a process)

과정을 단축하다 (to shorten a process)

교육 과정 (educational curriculum)

제작 과정 (production process)

성장 과정 (growth process)

석사 과정 (Master's course)

박사 과정 (Doctoral course)

의사결정 과정 (decision-making process)

सामान्य वाक्यांश

과정에서 배우다 (to learn in the process)

전 과정을 공개하다 (to reveal the entire process)

과정이 복잡하다 (the process is complex)

입학 과정 (admissions process)

치유 과정 (healing process)

역사적 과정 (historical process)

자연스러운 과정 (natural process)

정상적인 과정 (normal process)

필수 과정 (required course/process)

실험 과정 (experimental process)

अक्सर इससे भ्रम होता है

과정 vs 경과

Passage of time vs. series of steps.

과정 vs 절차

Formal/legal procedure vs. general process.

과정 vs 순서

Simple 1-2-3 order vs. the whole experience.

मुहावरे और अभिव्यक्तियाँ

"과정보다 결과 (Result over process - though usually used to critique a mindset)"

"결과가 과정을 정당화한다 (The end justifies the means/process)"

"가시밭길 과정 (A thorny/difficult process)"

"피와 땀의 과정 (A process of blood and sweat)"

"산고의 과정 (The pains of childbirth process - used for difficult creation)"

"하나의 과정일 뿐이다 (It is just a process/phase)"

"과정을 무시하다 (To ignore the process)"

"과정에 충실하다 (To be faithful to the process)"

"결과로 과정을 증명하다 (To prove the process by the result)"

"과정의 미학 (The aesthetics of the process)"

आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले

과정 vs 단계

과정 vs 과목

과정 vs 방법

과정 vs 수단

과정 vs 결과

वाक्य संरचनाएँ

सभी उदाहरण देखने के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें

इसे कैसे इस्तेमाल करें

Nuance

과정 implies a natural or logical flow, unlike 절차 which is rule-based.

Hanja Difference

過程 (process) is more common than 課程 (curriculum), but both are pronounced '과정'.

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Using '과정' instead of '경과' for time passing.
Using '과정' instead of '방법' for a simple 'how-to' instruction.
Confusing '과정' (curriculum) with '과목' (subject).
Forgetting the particle '에서' when saying 'during the process'.
Misspelling the Hanja-based word in formal writing.

सुझाव

Learn with Hanja

Remembering '과' (pass) and '정' (journey) helps you understand why it means both process and curriculum.

Verb Pairing

Always pair '과정' with '거치다' (go through) for a natural sounding sentence in professional contexts.

Storytelling

Use '그 과정에서' to explain how a situation developed when telling a long story to friends.

Resume Tip

When writing your '성장 과정', focus on specific events that shaped your professional skills.

News Keywords

When you hear '과정' on the news, pay attention to the nouns before it to understand the topic (e.g., 협상, 수사).

Degree Names

If you are a student, learn your specific '과정' name (e.g., 어학 연수 과정) to introduce yourself properly.

Process vs Result

Use this word to shift focus from the 'what' to the 'how' in discussions.

Confucian Roots

Understand that '과정' is valued in Korea as it shows a person's sincerity and effort.

TOPIK Prep

This word appears frequently in TOPIK II Reading and Writing tasks. Practice using it in Task 53 (graphs).

Cooking

Label your recipe steps as '1번 과정', '2번 과정' to practice the word at home.

याद करें

शब्द की उत्पत्ति

Sino-Korean (Hanja)

सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ

Efficiency in '업무 과정' is a key focus in Korean corporate culture.

The 'National Curriculum' is called '국가 교육 과정'.

The term '성장 과정' is a standard section in a Korean resume (자기소개서).

असल ज़िंदगी में अभ्यास करें

वास्तविक संदर्भ

बातचीत की शुरुआत

"한국어 공부 과정에서 가장 힘든 게 뭐예요?"

"석사 과정에 관심이 있으신가요?"

"이 요리의 과정이 어떻게 되나요?"

"결과와 과정 중 무엇이 더 중요하다고 생각하세요?"

"성장 과정에서 가장 기억에 남는 일은 뭐예요?"

डायरी विषय

오늘 하루의 업무 과정을 기록해 보세요.

자신의 성장 과정에 대해 짧게 써 보세요.

새로운 취미를 배우는 과정에서 느낀 점을 적어 보세요.

가장 복잡했던 결정 과정에 대해 설명해 보세요.

꿈을 이루기 위한 과정에서 무엇이 필요한지 써 보세요.

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

10 सवाल

과정 is a general 'process' or 'flow' of events, often natural or logical. 절차 is a 'procedure' that usually involves formal rules, paperwork, or specific bureaucratic steps. For example, healing is a 과정, but applying for a visa is a 절차.

Yes, it is the standard word. '석사 과정' is a Master's course, and '박사 과정' is a Doctoral course. It refers to the entire program of study.

Yes, '요리 과정' or '조리 과정' refers to the steps of a recipe. It's very common in cookbooks and cooking shows.

It means 'upbringing' or 'growth process'. It's a section where you describe your family background, education, and how you became the person you are today.

You can say '~하는 과정에서' or '~의 과정에서'. For example, '공부하는 과정에서' (in the process of studying).

No, that would be '길' or '경로'. 과정 is conceptual and refers to time and actions, not physical pavement.

It means 'curriculum'. It's the set of subjects and lessons planned by a school or government.

It depends on the sentence. '과정이 중요하다' (The process is important - subject). '과정을 거치다' (To go through the process - object).

Not exactly. Use '경과' for time passing. Use '과정' for the things that *happen* during that time.

It is neutral to formal. It is used in daily speech but is very common in academic and professional writing.

सुझाव और नोट्स के लिए मुफ़्त साइन अप करें