hur

These combine 'hur' (how) with 'mycket'/'många' to ask 'how much' or 'how many'.

Means 'who'. Related to 'hur' in being an interrogative word, but asks about a person.

Means 'what'. Another interrogative word, but asks about a thing or action.

'Var' can mean 'where' (an adverb) or 'was' (a verb, past tense of 'är').

Context is key. If it's asking about location, it's 'where'. If it's referring to something in the past, it's 'was'.

Var är du? (Where are you?) - Jag var i affären. (I was in the store.)

'När' means 'when'. It can be confused with 'sen' (then/late) or 'sedan' (since/then).

'När' specifically asks about time or introduces a temporal clause. 'Sen' and 'sedan' refer to a sequence of events or a starting point in time.

När kommer du? (When are you coming?) - Sedan gick vi hem. (Then we went home.)

'Att' can mean 'to' (infinitive marker) or 'that' (conjunction).

As an infinitive marker, it precedes a verb. As a conjunction, it introduces a subordinate clause.

Jag vill äta. (I want to eat.) - Jag tror att han kommer. (I believe that he is coming.)

These are indefinite articles, similar to 'a' or 'an' in English, but they depend on the gender of the noun (utrum or neutrum).

Swedish nouns have genders. 'En' is used for common (utrum) gender nouns, and 'ett' is used for neuter gender nouns. There's no easy rule; you have to learn the gender with each noun.

en bok (a book) - ett hus (a house)

Both mean 'much' or 'many', but 'mycket' is for uncountable nouns and 'många' is for countable nouns.

Think of it like English 'much' vs. 'many'. If you can count individual items, use 'många'. If it's a quantity you can't count individually, use 'mycket'.

mycket vatten (much water) - många böcker (many books)