Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Amharic nouns are either masculine or feminine, and this gender affects how you use adjectives and verbs.
- Most nouns referring to males are masculine: 'ወንድ' (wond - man).
- Most nouns referring to females are feminine: 'ሴት' (set - woman).
- Add the suffix '-it' to masculine nouns to make them feminine: 'መምህር' (teacher) -> 'መምህርት' (female teacher).
Gender Agreement Basics
| Noun | Gender | Adjective (Kind) | Verb (Is) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ሰው (Man)
|
Masculine
|
ደግ
|
ነው
|
|
ሴት (Woman)
|
Feminine
|
ደግ
|
ናት
|
|
መጽሐፍ (Book)
|
Masculine
|
ደግ
|
ነው
|
|
ጠረጴዛ (Table)
|
Feminine
|
ደግ
|
ናት
|
|
መምህር (Teacher M)
|
Masculine
|
ደግ
|
ነው
|
|
መምህርት (Teacher F)
|
Feminine
|
ደግ
|
ናት
|
Meanings
Amharic uses a binary gender system where nouns are classified as either masculine or feminine. This classification is essential for correct agreement with adjectives, pronouns, and verbs.
Natural Gender
Refers to biological sex of humans and animals.
“ወንድ (man)”
“ሴት (woman)”
Grammatical Gender
Arbitrary assignment of gender to inanimate objects.
“ጠረጴዛ (table - feminine)”
“ቤት (house - masculine)”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Masculine
|
Noun + ነው
|
ሰው ነው (He is a man)
|
|
Feminine
|
Noun + ናት
|
ሴት ናት (She is a woman)
|
|
Question M
|
Noun + ነው ወይ?
|
ሰው ነው ወይ? (Is he a man?)
|
|
Question F
|
Noun + ናት ወይ?
|
ሴት ናት ወይ? (Is she a woman?)
|
|
Negative M
|
አይደለም
|
ሰው አይደለም (He is not a man)
|
|
Negative F
|
አይደለችም
|
ሴት አይደለችም (She is not a woman)
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
መምህሩ ደግ ናቸው። (Describing a teacher)
መምህሩ ደግ ነው። (Describing a teacher)
መምህሩ ደግ ነው። (Describing a teacher)
መምህሩ ደግ ነው! (Describing a teacher)
Gender Categories
Masculine
- ወንድ man
- መጽሐፍ book
Feminine
- ሴት woman
- ጠረጴዛ table
レベル別の例文
ወንድ ልጅ አለ።
There is a boy.
ሴት ልጅ አለች።
There is a girl.
መምህሩ ደግ ነው።
The teacher (m) is kind.
መምህርቷ ደግ ናት።
The teacher (f) is kind.
ይህ መጽሐፍ ጥሩ ነው።
This book is good.
ጠረጴዛዋ ትልቅ ናት።
The table is big.
እሷ ሐኪም ናት።
She is a doctor.
እሱ ሐኪም ነው።
He is a doctor.
የእኔ ቤት በጣም ትልቅ ነው።
My house is very big.
የምትወደው ሴት እሷ ናት።
The woman you like is her.
ይህች ከተማ በጣም ቆንጆ ናት።
This city is very beautiful.
የተማርኩት ትምህርት ከባድ ነበር።
The lesson I learned was hard.
የመንግስት ፖሊሲው ለውጥ አምጥቷል።
The government policy has brought change.
የእሷ አስተያየት በጣም ጠቃሚ ነው።
Her opinion is very useful.
አዲሱ መኪና በጣም ፈጣን ነው።
The new car is very fast.
የሴቶች መብት መጠበቅ አለበት።
Women's rights must be protected.
የዚህች ሀገር ባህል እጅግ አስደናቂ ነው።
The culture of this country is truly amazing.
የእርሷ የጥበብ ስራዎች በዓለም አቀፍ ደረጃ ይታወቃሉ።
Her artworks are known internationally.
የቴክኖሎጂው እድገት ፈጣን ነው።
The development of technology is fast.
የእርሱ ውሳኔ ትክክል ነበር።
His decision was correct.
የቋንቋው መዋቅር ውስብስብ ነው።
The structure of the language is complex.
የእርሷ አቀራረብ ለችግሩ መፍትሄ ነው።
Her approach is the solution to the problem.
የታሪኩ ሂደት አሳዛኝ ነበር።
The course of the story was sad.
የእርሱ አስተሳሰብ ከዘመኑ ቀድሟል።
His thinking is ahead of his time.
間違えやすい
Learners mix up the verb endings.
Learners assume all objects are masculine.
Learners forget to change the adjective.
よくある間違い
እሷ መምህር ነው
እሷ መምህርት ናት
ጠረጴዛው ጥሩ ነው
ጠረጴዛዋ ጥሩ ናት
እሱ ሴት ነው
እሱ ወንድ ነው
መጽሐፍዋ ጥሩ ናት
መጽሐፉ ጥሩ ነው
እሷ ሐኪም ነው
እሷ ሐኪም ናት
ይህ መጽሐፍ ጥሩ ናት
ይህ መጽሐፍ ጥሩ ነው
እሱ መምህርት ነው
እሱ መምህር ነው
የእኔ ቤት ጥሩ ናት
የእኔ ቤት ጥሩ ነው
እሷ የጻፈው መጽሐፍ
እሷ የጻፈችው መጽሐፍ
ከተማዋ ትልቅ ነው
ከተማዋ ትልቅ ናት
የእርሷ ውሳኔ ትክክል ነበር
የእርሷ ውሳኔ ትክክል ነበር
文型パターン
___ (Subject) ___ (Adjective) ነው/ናት።
ይህ ___ (Noun) ___ (Adjective) ነው።
የእሷ ___ (Noun) በጣም ___ (Adjective) ነው።
የ___ (Noun) ___ (Adjective) መሆን አስፈላጊ ነው።
Real World Usage
ቆንጆ ናት!
የት ነህ?
እኔ ብቁ ነኝ።
ቡናው መጣ።
ከተማዋ ቆንጆ ናት።
ውሳኔው ትክክል ነው።
Listen to the Verb
Don't Guess
Use Suffixes
Respect Matters
Smart Tips
Always learn the gender with the noun.
Check the subject before choosing the verb.
Look for the -it suffix.
Review your sentences for gender agreement.
発音
Gender Suffixes
The '-it' suffix is pronounced clearly as 'eet'.
Statement
ነው ↓
Falling intonation for statements.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'it' as 'it's a girl' — if a noun ends in -it, it's likely feminine!
視覚的連想
Imagine a classroom where all the boys sit on blue chairs (masculine) and all the girls sit on pink chairs (feminine).
Rhyme
For the girl, add an -it, it's the perfect fit!
Story
A teacher (መምህር) walks into a room. He is masculine. His assistant (መምህርት) walks in. She is feminine. They both sit at a table (ጠረጴዛ - feminine).
Word Web
チャレンジ
Label 5 items in your room as masculine or feminine today.
文化メモ
Gender is deeply tied to respect. Using plural forms for respect is common.
Amharic is a Semitic language, sharing gender systems with Arabic and Hebrew.
会話のきっかけ
እሱ ማን ነው?
ይህ መጽሐፍ ጥሩ ነው?
የእርስዎ አስተያየት ምንድን ነው?
የከተማዋ ሁኔታ ምን ይመስላል?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
እሷ ሐኪም ___.
___ ደግ ነው።
Find and fix the mistake:
እሱ ሐኪም ናት።
መምህሩ ደግ ነው።
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
All inanimate objects are masculine.
A: እሱ ማን ነው? B: ___.
ናት / ቆንጆ / እሷ
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesእሷ ሐኪም ___.
___ ደግ ነው።
Find and fix the mistake:
እሱ ሐኪም ናት።
መምህሩ ደግ ነው።
ጠረጴዛ
All inanimate objects are masculine.
A: እሱ ማን ነው? B: ___.
ናት / ቆንጆ / እሷ
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
Yes, every noun in Amharic is either masculine or feminine.
You must memorize it as you learn the word.
No, it's arbitrary.
Yes, the verb ending changes.
No, you will sound incorrect.
Yes, it's used everywhere.
English doesn't have grammatical gender for objects.
Some nouns can be used for both, but usually they have a specific form.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Gendered nouns
Amharic uses suffixes for articles.
el/la
Spanish uses separate articles.
le/la
French has no gendered verb endings.
der/die/das
German has three genders.
None
Japanese lacks gender entirely.
None
Chinese lacks gender entirely.
