Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Amharic doesn't use a separate word for 'is'; instead, you attach a suffix to the noun or adjective.
- For 'I am', add -näñ: 'I am a student' becomes 'tämari näñ'.
- For 'You are' (masc), add -näyh: 'You are a student' becomes 'tämari näyh'.
- For 'He is', add -näw: 'He is a student' becomes 'tämari näw'.
Amharic Copula Suffixes
| Person | Suffix | Example (Student) |
|---|---|---|
|
I
|
-näñ
|
tämari näñ
|
|
You (M)
|
-näyh
|
tämari näyh
|
|
You (F)
|
-näsh
|
tämari näsh
|
|
He
|
-näw
|
tämari näw
|
|
She
|
-nat
|
tämari nat
|
|
We
|
-nän
|
tämari nän
|
|
You (Pl)
|
-nachu
|
tämari nachu
|
|
They
|
-nachäw
|
tämari nachäw
|
Meanings
The copula in Amharic functions as the link between a subject and its identity or state. It is not a standalone verb but a suffix attached to the predicate.
Identity
Defining who or what someone is.
“እኔ መምህር ነኝ (I am a teacher)”
“እሱ ዶክተር ነው (He is a doctor)”
State/Condition
Describing the state of being.
“ደህና ነኝ (I am fine)”
“እሱ ደስተኛ ነው (He is happy)”
Location/Existence
While 'näñ' is for identity, existence often uses 'alä'.
“እዚህ ነኝ (I am here)”
“እሱ ቤት ነው (He is at home)”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Noun + Suffix
|
tämari näñ
|
|
Negative
|
ay + Noun + Suffix + m
|
ay-tämari-dällähum
|
|
Question
|
Noun + Suffix + woy
|
tämari näñ woy?
|
|
Formal
|
Noun + Suffix (Honorific)
|
tämari näwot
|
|
Plural
|
Noun + Suffix (Plural)
|
tämari nachäw
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
እኔ ተማሪ ነኝ። (Introduction)
ተማሪ ነኝ። (Introduction)
ተማሪ ነኝ። (Introduction)
ተማሪ ነኝ። (Introduction)
The Copula Web
Identity
- tämari student
State
- dässitäñä happy
レベル別の例文
እኔ ተማሪ ነኝ
I am a student
አንተ ደህና ነህ
You are fine
እሱ ዶክተር ነው
He is a doctor
እሷ እዚህ ናት
She is here
እኛ ደስተኛ ነን
We are happy
እናንተ ጓደኞች ናችሁ
You are friends
እነሱ እዚያ ናቸው
They are there
እኔ አትሌት አይደለሁም
I am not an athlete
እሱ በጣም ብልህ ነው
He is very smart
እሷ ዛሬ ስራ ላይ ናት
She is at work today
እኛ ዝግጁ አይደለንም
We are not ready
እርስዎ መምህር ነዎት
You (formal) are a teacher
እሱ የዚህ ፕሮጀክት መሪ ነው
He is the leader of this project
እሷ በጣም ታዋቂ ናት
She is very famous
እነሱ እውነት አይደሉም
They are not true
እኛ በውሳኔው ላይ ነን
We are on the decision
እሱ የህግ ባለሙያ ነው
He is a legal expert
እሷ የድርጅቱ ዋና ዳይሬክተር ናት
She is the director of the organization
እነሱ በሃሳባቸው ጽኑ ናቸው
They are firm in their ideas
እኔ በጉዳዩ ላይ ገለልተኛ ነኝ
I am neutral on the matter
እሱ የጥንታዊ ሥነ-ጽሑፍ ምሁር ነው
He is a scholar of ancient literature
እሷ የዚህ ታሪካዊ ክስተት ምስክር ናት
She is a witness to this historical event
እነሱ የለውጡ አራማጆች ናቸው
They are the advocates of change
እኛ የዚህ ጥናት ተሳታፊዎች ነን
We are participants of this study
間違えやすい
Learners mix up identity (näñ) with existence (alä).
Mixing up masculine and feminine suffixes.
Forgetting the 'ay...m' structure.
よくある間違い
Ene näñ tämari
Ene tämari näñ
Ene tämari
Ene tämari näñ
Ene tämari näw
Ene tämari näñ
Ene tämari näsh
Ene tämari näñ
Ene ay tämari
Ene ay-tämari-dällähum
Ene tämari näñ-m
Ene ay-tämari-dällähum
Ene tämari näñ woy
Ene tämari näñ woy?
Ene tämari näñ-och
Ene tämari näñ
Ene tämari näñ-u
Ene tämari näñ
Ene tämari näñ-a
Ene tämari näñ
Ene tämari näñ-näñ
Ene tämari näñ
Ene tämari-yä näñ
Ene tämari näñ
Ene tämari-näñ
Ene tämari näñ
文型パターン
እኔ ___ ነኝ
እሱ ___ ነው
እሷ ___ ናት
እኛ ___ አይደለንም
Real World Usage
ደስተኛ ነኝ
እኔ የህግ ባለሙያ ነኝ
ተራበኛ ነኝ
እዚህ ነኝ
ቤት ነኝ
ተማሪ ነኝ
Gender Matters
Don't Translate 'Am'
Use Context
Formal vs Informal
Smart Tips
Just add -näñ to the end of X.
Use the honorific suffix -näwot.
Use the 'ay...m' sandwich.
Add 'woy' at the end.
発音
Suffix stress
The stress usually falls on the last syllable of the word before the suffix.
Question
tämari näñ woy↑
Rising intonation at the end indicates a question.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember 'Näñ' as 'N-I' (I am).
視覚的連想
Imagine a sticker with 'näñ' on it that you slap onto your forehead when you say 'I am'.
Rhyme
I am näñ, you are näyh, he is näw, she is nat, we are nän, they are nachäw.
Story
A student named Tämari walks into a room. He points to himself and says 'Tämari näñ'. He points to his friend and says 'Tämari näyh'. Then he points to the teacher and says 'Tämari näw'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 5 sentences about yourself using different adjectives.
文化メモ
Formal language is highly valued; honorific copulas are used for elders.
Casual speech often drops pronouns.
Dialects may vary the suffix slightly.
The Amharic copula evolved from Proto-Semitic pronouns that became attached to the predicate.
会話のきっかけ
ስምህ ማን ነው? (What is your name?)
ደህና ነህ? (Are you fine?)
እርስዎ መምህር ነዎት? (Are you a teacher?)
እነሱ እዚህ ናቸው? (Are they here?)
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
እኔ ተማሪ ___
እሱ ዶክተር ___
Find and fix the mistake:
እሷ ተማሪ ነህ
እኔ ተማሪ ነኝ
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
እሱ ደስተኛ ___
እነሱ ጓደኞች ___
እርስዎ መምህር ___
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesእኔ ተማሪ ___
እሱ ዶክተር ___
Find and fix the mistake:
እሷ ተማሪ ነህ
እኔ ተማሪ ነኝ
Match: I, He, She, We
እሱ ደስተኛ ___
እነሱ ጓደኞች ___
እርስዎ መምህር ___
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
Yes, in the present tense it is always a suffix.
Use the negative structure 'ay...dällähum'.
Yes, there are specific plural suffixes.
In very casual speech, sometimes, but it's better to include it.
Amharic is a gendered language; all nouns and pronouns have gender.
No, 'näñ' is the verb suffix, 'Ene' is the pronoun 'I'.
Add 'woy' or use rising intonation.
The copula is very regular, which is great for learners.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Ser/Estar
Amharic is a suffix, Spanish is a standalone verb.
Être
Amharic integrates the copula into the noun.
Sein
Amharic is synthetic.
Desu
Amharic is a bound morpheme.
Kāna
Amharic is mandatory and suffixed.
Shì
Amharic is agglutinative.
