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B2 adjective 9分で読める

απειλητικός

threatening or menacing

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'απειλητικός' means 'threatening' or 'scary' in a simple way. Think of it as a word for 'bad' or 'dangerous.' You might see it in a picture book describing a big, angry dog or a dark storm cloud. At this stage, just remember that it ends in -ος for boys, -η for girls, and -ο for things. For example, 'Ο σκύλος είναι απειλητικός' (The dog is threatening). You don't need to worry about the complex legal or political meanings yet. Just focus on the feeling of something being 'scary' or 'not friendly.' It is a long word, so practice saying it slowly: a-pi-li-ti-kós. It is useful for basic descriptions of weather or animals that make you feel afraid. If you see a dark cloud, you can point and say 'απειλητικό σύννεφο.' This shows you understand the 'vibe' of the word even if you don't know the full grammar yet.
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At the A2 level, you should start using 'απειλητικός' to describe people's actions or the weather more clearly. You should understand the difference between 'φιλικός' (friendly) and 'απειλητικός' (threatening). You can use it in simple sentences like 'Ο καιρός φαίνεται απειλητικός σήμερα' (The weather looks threatening today). You should also be aware of the feminine form 'απειλητική' and the neuter 'απειλητικό.' For instance, if you receive a mean message on your phone, you could call it an 'απειλητικό μήνυμα.' This level is about building your ability to describe the world around you with more detail than just 'good' or 'bad.' You are learning to describe the *intent* of an action. If someone is shouting, they might be 'απειλητικοί.' It is a step up from basic adjectives and helps you express feelings of caution in everyday Greek conversations.
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By B1, you are expected to use 'απειλητικός' in more varied contexts, including social and workplace situations. You should be comfortable with the adverb 'απειλητικά' (threateningly) to describe how someone is looking at you or speaking to you. For example: 'Μου μίλησε απειλητικά' (He spoke to me threateningly). You should also be able to use the word in the past tense or with different cases. If you are reading a simple Greek news article, you might see this word used to describe a fire or a flood. It is important at this level to distinguish it from 'επικίνδυνος' (dangerous). Remember: 'απειλητικός' is about the *warning* or the *look* of danger, while 'επικίνδυνος' is about the *reality* of danger. You can use 'απειλητικός' to add more drama and precision to your storytelling or when describing a conflict you witnessed.
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At the B2 level, which is the target for this word, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'απειλητικός.' You should use it to describe abstract concepts like 'απειλητικές κινήσεις' (threatening moves) in politics or 'απειλητική συμπεριφορά' (threatening behavior) in a legal sense. You should be able to recognize the word in literature and understand the atmosphere it creates. You should also be aware of its use in sports to describe a team that is attacking strongly. At this level, you should be able to compare it with synonyms like 'εκφοβιστικός' (intimidating) or 'δυσοίωνος' (ominous) and choose the best one for your context. Your grammar should be perfect, ensuring that the adjective always agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case. You can use it to write essays about social issues, describing things like 'απειλητικά φαινόμενα' in the environment or economy.
At the C1 level, your use of 'απειλητικός' should be sophisticated and natural. You should be able to use it metaphorically in academic or professional discussions. For instance, you might discuss 'απειλητικές τάσεις στην αγορά εργασίας' (threatening trends in the labor market). You should understand the historical and etymological roots of the word and how it relates to the verb 'απειλώ' (to threaten). You should be able to use the word to create specific rhetorical effects in your writing, such as using it in a list of adjectives to build tension. You should also be familiar with fixed expressions and collocations that involve the word. Your understanding of the word should include its psychological impact on a reader or listener. You are no longer just using a word; you are using a tool to shape the tone and impact of your Greek communication at a high professional level.
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At the C2 level, you have mastered 'απειλητικός' in all its dimensions. You can use it with absolute precision in high-level literature, legal documents, or philosophical discourse. You understand its most subtle nuances—for example, when it is used ironically or when it is used to describe a 'menacing' silence in a cinematic analysis. You can effortlessly switch between 'απειλητικός,' 'δυσοίωνος,' 'επίφοβος,' and 'καταιγιστικός' depending on the exact shade of meaning you wish to convey. You understand how the word has been used by famous Greek poets or authors to evoke specific cultural fears. Your usage is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can also explain the word to others, including its various derivatives and its role in the Greek linguistic system. For you, the word is part of a rich tapestry of vocabulary that you use to express complex, multi-layered thoughts with elegance and clarity.
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例文

απειλητικός 30秒で

  • An adjective meaning threatening or menacing in Greek.
  • Used for people, weather, messages, and abstract dangers.
  • Follows the standard -ος, -η, -ο gender agreement rules.
  • Essential for B2 level communication regarding safety and conflict.
The Greek adjective απειλητικός (apeilitikós) is a powerful descriptor used to characterize something that conveys a threat, suggests impending danger, or carries a menacing aura. Derived from the ancient Greek noun ἀπειλή (apeilē), meaning 'threat' or 'boastful promise of harm,' the word has evolved to cover both literal physical threats and metaphorical or atmospheric ones. In modern Greek, it is an essential term for describing behaviors, weather patterns, economic trends, and even artistic expressions that make an observer feel uneasy or endangered.
Physical Presence
When a person stands in a way that suggests they might strike or cause harm, they are described as having an απειλητική στάση (threatening stance). This is common in police reports, literature, and descriptions of confrontational behavior.

Ο ουρανός γέμισε με μαύρα σύννεφα και ο καιρός έγινε ξαφνικά απειλητικός.

Abstract Concepts
In economic or political contexts, an απειλητική εξέλιξη (threatening development) refers to a trend that could lead to negative outcomes, such as a recession or a diplomatic crisis. It implies that the danger is not yet realized but is clearly signaled.

Το απειλητικό του βλέμμα με έκανε να οπισθοχωρήσω αμέσως.

Tone and Communication
An απειλητικό μήνυμα (threatening message) or απειλητικός τόνος (threatening tone) is used to describe communication intended to intimidate. This is a key word in legal discussions regarding harassment or extortion.

Η σιωπή του ήταν πιο απειλητική από τα λόγια του.

Η ομάδα της έδρας έγινε πολύ απειλητική στα τελευταία λεπτά του αγώνα.

Έλαβα ένα απειλητικό τηλεφώνημα από άγνωστο αριθμό χθες το βράδυ.

Understanding this word requires recognizing that it sits at the intersection of psychology and physical reality. It describes the feeling of being targeted by a negative force, whether that force is a person, nature, or an abstract entity like 'the market.' In a B2 level context, you should be able to use it to describe complex social situations and literary atmospheres. It is not just about a 'bad man' but about a 'menacing situation' where the potential for conflict is palpable. The word's three genders—απειλητικός (masculine), απειλητική (feminine), and απειλητικό (neuter)—must agree with the noun they modify, which is a fundamental rule in Greek grammar that learners must master to use the word accurately in professional or academic writing.
Using απειλητικός correctly involves more than just knowing its definition; it requires understanding its grammatical behavior and the specific nouns it frequently pairs with. As an adjective, it follows the standard first and second declension pattern (-ος, -η, -ο). When you want to describe a person's behavior, you might say, 'Ο άνδρας είχε μια απειλητική συμπεριφορά' (The man had a threatening behavior). Notice how 'απειλητική' matches the feminine gender of 'συμπεριφορά.'
Adjectival Agreement
Always check the gender, number, and case of the noun. For example, 'τα απειλητικά σύννεφα' (the threatening clouds) uses the neuter plural nominative/accusative form. This is crucial for maintaining fluency and accuracy in Greek sentence construction.

Δεν πρέπει να αγνοούμε τα απειλητικά σημάδια της κλιματικής αλλαγής.

Placement in Sentences
Typically, the adjective precedes the noun for emphasis or follows the verb 'to be' (είμαι). For instance, 'Ο καιρός είναι απειλητικός' (The weather is threatening) emphasizes the state, while 'Ο απειλητικός καιρός' (The threatening weather) identifies the specific type of weather being discussed.

Η κίνησή του ήταν απειλητική, γι' αυτό και κάλεσα την αστυνομία.

Το ύφος της έγινε απειλητικό μόλις άκουσε την αλήθεια.

Comparative and Superlative
To say 'more threatening,' you use 'πιο απειλητικός' or the rarer 'απειλητικότερος.' For 'the most threatening,' use 'ο πιο απειλητικός.' Example: 'Αυτή ήταν η πιο απειλητική στιγμή της ζωής μου' (That was the most threatening moment of my life).

Οι νέες κυρώσεις θεωρήθηκαν ως μια απειλητική κίνηση από τη γειτονική χώρα.

Υπάρχουν απειλητικά στοιχεία στο φάκελο της υπόθεσης.

Beyond these basic structures, 'απειλητικός' is often used in passive or middle voice contexts indirectly. For example, when describing a situation that 'feels' threatening, Greeks might use the word as a predicate adjective to describe the 'vibe' of a room or a gathering. It is also a favorite in journalistic Greek to describe geopolitical tensions. When writing, try to pair it with nouns like χειρονομία (gesture), βλέμμα (glance/look), επιστολή (letter), or μέτωπο (front/face-off). This will make your Greek sound more natural and sophisticated. In academic or formal writing, the word helps in providing a precise description of the nature of a conflict without necessarily assigning blame, focusing instead on the perception of the threat itself. Always remember that the word carries a weight of seriousness; it is rarely used in lighthearted or joking contexts unless being used ironically to describe something clearly non-threatening, like a tiny kitten trying to look tough.
In the daily life of a Greek speaker, απειλητικός appears in several distinct domains. The most common is likely the news media. Greek news broadcasts (τα νέα) are known for their dramatic flair, and you will frequently hear anchors describing a 'threatening storm' (απειλητική καταιγίδα) or 'threatening statements' (απειλητικές δηλώσεις) from politicians. If you are watching a crime drama or a thriller on Greek television, characters will often use this word to describe the antagonist's behavior or a mysterious note they received.
News and Media
Journalists use the word to frame international relations. For example, 'Η Τουρκία προέβη σε απειλητικές κινήσεις στο Αιγαίο' (Turkey made threatening moves in the Aegean). It serves to heighten the sense of urgency and danger in the report.

Οι δημοσιογράφοι περιέγραψαν την κατάσταση ως εξαιρετικά απειλητική.

Legal and Formal Contexts
In a courtroom or a police station, 'απειλητικός' is used to define the nature of a crime. Harassment is often linked to 'απειλητική συμπεριφορά.' Lawyers will argue whether a specific gesture was truly threatening or merely an expression of anger.

Ο δικηγόρος ισχυρίστηκε ότι το γράμμα δεν ήταν απειλητικό.

Σταμάτα να χρησιμοποιείς αυτόν τον απειλητικό τόνο μαζί μου!

Literature and Cinema
Greek authors use 'απειλητικός' to build suspense. It describes shadows (απειλητικές σκιές), footsteps (απειλητικά βήματα), or even the sea during a storm. It is a key word for creating a 'noir' or gothic atmosphere in Greek prose.

Η σκιά στον τοίχο φαινόταν απειλητική μέσα στο σκοτάδι.

Ακούστηκαν απειλητικά γρυλίσματα από το δάσος.

In the business world, you might encounter the word in risk assessment reports. An 'απειλητικός ανταγωνιστής' (threatening competitor) is one whose market moves could destabilize your own company. It is also used in environmental science to discuss 'απειλητικά φαινόμενα' like wildfires or floods. Essentially, whenever there is a signal of potential harm or disruption, 'απειλητικός' is the word of choice. For a learner, hearing this word should immediately trigger a sense of caution or high alert in the conversation. It is a 'red flag' word. If you are in Greece and someone describes a situation as 'απειλητική,' it is time to pay close attention and perhaps take protective measures. Its frequent use in football (soccer) as mentioned before is the only major exception where the 'threat' is metaphorical and related to scoring goals rather than causing physical injury. Even then, the intensity of the word remains.
For English speakers learning Greek, the most common mistake with απειλητικός is confusing it with the adjective επικίνδυνος (dangerous). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. 'Επικίνδυνος' describes something that has the capacity to cause harm (like a sharp knife or a slippery road), whereas 'απειλητικός' describes something that is actively signaling or projecting a threat (like a man holding a knife or a storm cloud appearing). You can have an 'απειλητικός' person who isn't actually 'επικίνδυνος' (they are bluffing), and you can have an 'επικίνδυνος' situation that isn't 'απειλητικός' (a hidden trap that gives no warning).
Confusion with 'Επικίνδυνος'
Mistake: 'Ο δρόμος είναι απειλητικός' (The road is threatening). Correction: Unless the road looks like it's about to collapse on you, you should use 'επικίνδυνος' (dangerous) to describe its condition.

Πολλοί μπερδεύουν το απειλητικό με το επικίνδυνο, αλλά έχουν διαφορά.

Gender Agreement Errors
Mistake: 'Το απειλητικός μήνυμα' (The threatening message). Correction: 'Το απειλητικό μήνυμα.' Because 'μήνυμα' is neuter, the adjective must also be neuter. This is a very common error for beginners who default to the masculine '-ος' ending for all adjectives.

Η απειλητική επιστολή παραδόθηκε στην αστυνομία για έλεγχο.

Το αποτέλεσμα δεν ήταν απειλητικό, αλλά ήταν σίγουρα αποθαρρυντικό.

Misusing the Adverb
Mistake: 'Μου μίλησε απειλητικό' (He spoke to me threatening). Correction: 'Μου μίλησε απειλητικά' (He spoke to me threateningly). Adverbs in Greek almost always end in '-α' when derived from adjectives in '-ος.'

Ο σκύλος γάβγιζε απειλητικά σε κάθε περαστικό.

Δεν είναι σωστό να χρησιμοποιούμε απειλητικές μεθόδους στην εκπαίδευση.

Another nuance often missed is the difference between 'απειλητικός' and 'εκφοβιστικός' (intimidating). 'Εκφοβιστικός' focuses on the result (making someone feel fear/bully), while 'απειλητικός' focuses on the act of projecting a threat. While they overlap, 'εκφοβιστικός' is more common in school or workplace bullying contexts, whereas 'απειλητικός' is more common in legal or environmental contexts. Finally, avoid using 'απειλητικός' to describe a difficult exam or a hard task; for those, use 'δύσκολος' or 'απαιτητικός' (demanding). Using 'απειλητικός' for an exam implies the exam paper is literally trying to hurt you! Precision in Greek adjectives is what separates a B2 learner from a C1/C2 speaker. Practice by matching the word with its natural partners (collocations) and you will avoid these common pitfalls.
To enrich your Greek vocabulary beyond απειλητικός, it is helpful to look at its synonyms and related terms. Each has a slightly different shade of meaning. For example, τρομακτικός (scary/terrifying) focuses on the emotion of fear, while δυσοίωνος (ominous/ill-omened) suggests that something bad will happen in the future, often in a mystical or fate-based sense.
Synonym: Εκφοβιστικός
Meaning: Intimidating or bullying. Use this when the threat is intended to make someone feel small or to force them to do something. Example: 'Η εκφοβιστική του παρουσία' (His intimidating presence).

Αντί για απειλητικός, μπορούμε να πούμε και εκφοβιστικός ανάλογα με την περίπτωση.

Alternative: Δυσοίωνος
Meaning: Ominous. Use this for signs or portents that suggest a negative outcome. It is more poetic and formal than 'απειλητικός.' Example: 'Ένα δυσοίωνο μέλλον' (An ominous future).

Τα μαύρα πουλιά θεωρούνται συχνά ως κάτι δυσοίωνο και απειλητικό.

Η φωνή του ήταν καθησυχαστική και καθόλου απειλητική.

Nuance: Επίφοβος
Meaning: Formidable or someone to be feared. Often used for a strong opponent in sports or politics. Example: 'Ένας επίφοβος αντίπαλος' (A formidable opponent).

Ο στρατός τους ήταν επίφοβος και απειλητικός για την ειρήνη.

Πρέπει να βρούμε μια λιγότερο απειλητική λέξη για την ανακοίνωση.

Exploring these alternatives allows you to be more precise. If you are describing a horror movie, 'τρομακτικός' is better. If you are describing a bully, 'εκφοβιστικός' is better. If you are describing a dark cloud, 'απειλητικός' is perfect. By expanding your synonym bank, you can avoid repeating the same word in a paragraph, which is a key skill for advanced Greek writing. Additionally, understanding the roots of these words—like 'φόβος' (fear) in 'επίφοβος'—helps in deciphering new words you haven't seen before. Greek is a very logical language where words are often built like Lego blocks from smaller, meaningful units. 'Απειλητικός' comes from 'απειλή,' and once you know the core noun, the adjective and adverb follow naturally.
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レベル別の例文

1

Ο μεγάλος σκύλος είναι απειλητικός.

The big dog is threatening.

Masculine singular nominative.

2

Βλέπω ένα απειλητικό σύννεφο.

I see a threatening cloud.

Neuter singular accusative.

3

Η γάτα δεν είναι απειλητική.

The cat is not threatening.

Feminine singular nominative.

4

Αυτό το μέρος είναι απειλητικό.

This place is threatening.

Neuter singular nominative.

5

Έχει απειλητικό βλέμμα.

He has a threatening look.

Neuter singular accusative.

6

Είναι απειλητικός ο καιρός;

Is the weather threatening?

Masculine singular nominative (question).

7

Τα απειλητικά ζώα είναι στο δάσος.

The threatening animals are in the forest.

Neuter plural nominative.

8

Μην είσαι απειλητικός!

Don't be threatening!

Masculine singular imperative context.

1

Ο ουρανός έγινε ξαφνικά απειλητικός.

The sky suddenly became threatening.

Masculine singular with the verb 'became'.

2

Έλαβα ένα απειλητικό μήνυμα στο τηλέφωνο.

I received a threatening message on the phone.

Neuter singular object of the verb.

3

Η φωνή του ήταν πολύ απειλητική.

His voice was very threatening.

Feminine singular predicate adjective.

4

Δεν μου αρέσουν οι απειλητικοί άνθρωποι.

I don't like threatening people.

Masculine plural accusative.

5

Το σκοτάδι ήταν απειλητικό για τα παιδιά.

The darkness was threatening for the children.

Neuter singular nominative.

6

Είδαμε μια απειλητική κίνηση στο δρόμο.

We saw a threatening move on the street.

Feminine singular accusative.

7

Ο σκύλος γάβγιζε με απειλητικό τρόπο.

The dog was barking in a threatening way.

Masculine singular dative/prepositional use.

8

Είναι απειλητική η κατάσταση εκεί;

Is the situation there threatening?

Feminine singular nominative (question).

1

Ο διευθυντής χρησιμοποίησε έναν απειλητικό τόνο.

The manager used a threatening tone.

Masculine singular accusative.

2

Η αστυνομία ερευνά το απειλητικό γράμμα.

The police are investigating the threatening letter.

Neuter singular accusative.

3

Τα απειλητικά σύννεφα πλησιάζουν την πόλη.

The threatening clouds are approaching the city.

Neuter plural nominative.

4

Με κοίταξε απειλητικά και έφυγε.

He looked at me threateningly and left.

Adverbial form 'απειλητικά'.

5

Η συμπεριφορά του ήταν ξεκάθαρα απειλητική.

His behavior was clearly threatening.

Feminine singular predicate adjective.

6

Δεν πρέπει να υποκύπτουμε σε απειλητικές πρακτικές.

We must not yield to threatening practices.

Feminine plural dative/prepositional context.

7

Υπήρχε μια απειλητική σιωπή στο δωμάτιο.

There was a threatening silence in the room.

Feminine singular nominative.

8

Η φωτιά έγινε απειλητική για τα σπίτια.

The fire became threatening to the houses.

Feminine singular predicate adjective.

1

Η χώρα προέβη σε απειλητικές δηλώσεις κατά των γειτόνων της.

The country made threatening statements against its neighbors.

Feminine plural accusative.

2

Η οικονομική κρίση δημιούργησε ένα απειλητικό περιβάλλον για τις επιχειρήσεις.

The economic crisis created a threatening environment for businesses.

Neuter singular accusative.

3

Ο κατηγορούμενος είχε μια απειλητική στάση κατά τη διάρκεια της δίκης.

The defendant had a threatening stance during the trial.

Feminine singular accusative.

4

Οι επιστήμονες προειδοποιούν για τα απειλητικά φαινόμενα της υπερθέρμανσης.

Scientists warn about the threatening phenomena of global warming.

Neuter plural accusative.

5

Η παρουσία του στρατού στα σύνορα θεωρήθηκε απειλητική.

The presence of the army at the borders was considered threatening.

Feminine singular predicate adjective.

6

Το απειλητικό ύφος της επιστολής προκάλεσε ανησυχία.

The threatening style of the letter caused concern.

Neuter singular nominative.

7

Η ομάδα έγινε απειλητική στις αντεπιθέσεις.

The team became threatening in counter-attacks.

Feminine singular predicate adjective.

8

Αντιμετωπίζουμε μια απειλητική έλλειψη φυσικών πόρων.

We are facing a threatening shortage of natural resources.

Feminine singular accusative.

1

Η ρητορική του ηγέτη ήταν απειλητική και διχαστική.

The leader's rhetoric was threatening and divisive.

Feminine singular predicate adjective.

2

Η ραγδαία αύξηση του πληθωρισμού αποτελεί απειλητικό παράγοντα για την κοινωνική συνοχή.

The rapid increase in inflation is a threatening factor for social cohesion.

Masculine singular accusative.

3

Η ταινία χρησιμοποιεί απειλητικούς φωτισμούς για να δημιουργήσει σασπένς.

The film uses threatening lighting to create suspense.

Masculine plural accusative.

4

Οι απειλητικές διαθέσεις της αγοράς επηρέασαν τις επενδύσεις.

The threatening moods of the market affected investments.

Feminine plural nominative.

5

Έδρασε απειλητικά, παραβιάζοντας τους κανόνες δεοντολογίας.

He acted threateningly, violating the rules of ethics.

Adverbial form 'απειλητικά'.

6

Η απειλητική σκιά του πολέμου πλανιέται πάνω από την περιοχή.

The threatening shadow of war looms over the region.

Feminine singular nominative.

7

Η γλώσσα του σώματός του ήταν ασυνήθιστα απειλητική.

His body language was unusually threatening.

Feminine singular predicate adjective.

8

Υπάρχει μια απειλητική διάσταση σε αυτή την τεχνολογική εξέλιξη.

There is a threatening dimension to this technological development.

Feminine singular nominative.

1

Η απειλητική φύση της κυβερνοεπίθεσης έθεσε σε κίνδυνο την εθνική ασφάλεια.

The threatening nature of the cyberattack endangered national security.

Feminine singular nominative.

2

Οι απειλητικοί υπαινιγμοί του κειμένου υπονοούν μια βαθύτερη κρίση.

The threatening insinuations of the text imply a deeper crisis.

Masculine plural nominative.

3

Το απειλητικό φάσμα του ολοκληρωτισμού επανέρχεται στο προσκήνιο.

The threatening specter of totalitarianism returns to the forefront.

Neuter singular nominative.

4

Η απειλητική εγγύτητα των δύο πλοίων προκάλεσε ναυτικό ατύχημα.

The threatening proximity of the two ships caused a maritime accident.

Feminine singular nominative.

5

Εκφράστηκε απειλητικά, χρησιμοποιώντας λέξεις με διπλή σημασία.

He expressed himself threateningly, using words with double meaning.

Adverbial form 'απειλητικά'.

6

Η αρχιτεκτονική του κτιρίου ήταν απειλητική και επιβλητική.

The architecture of the building was threatening and imposing.

Feminine singular predicate adjective.

7

Η απειλητική σιωπή της κυβέρνησης εξόργισε τους πολίτες.

The government's threatening silence infuriated the citizens.

Feminine singular nominative.

8

Αντιμετωπίζουμε μια απειλητική σύγκλιση αρνητικών παραγόντων.

We are facing a threatening convergence of negative factors.

Feminine singular accusative.

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