Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
These adverbs modify adjectives or other adverbs to show intensity, ranging from 'a little' to 'more than average'.
- Fairly is the weakest, meaning 'moderately'. Example: It's fairly cold today.
- Quite and Rather are stronger, often meaning 'more than expected'. Example: That was quite a surprise.
- Pretty is informal and similar to 'quite'. Example: It's pretty late now.
Overview
- It was fairly good. (= acceptable, nothing special)
- The exam was fairly difficult.
- The film was quite interesting.
- She is quite talented.
- I'm quite exhausted. (= completely exhausted)
- That's quite impossible. (= completely impossible)
- It's pretty cold today.
- That was pretty impressive.
- The bill was rather high. (= higher than expected)
- She was rather rude. (= surprisingly or unexpectedly rude)
- He speaks rather well. (= better than expected — could be a compliment)
Degree Adverb Placement
| Adverb | Intensity | Register | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Fairly
|
Moderate
|
Neutral
|
It is fairly warm.
|
|
Quite
|
High
|
Neutral/Formal
|
It is quite hot.
|
|
Rather
|
High
|
Formal
|
It is rather hot.
|
|
Pretty
|
High
|
Informal
|
It is pretty hot.
|
Meanings
These adverbs are used to modify adjectives or adverbs to indicate the degree or intensity of a quality.
Moderate Intensity
Indicates a moderate amount, often 'fairly'.
“The water is fairly warm.”
“He is fairly tall for his age.”
Surprising Intensity
Indicates something is more than expected, often 'quite' or 'rather'.
“It was quite a difficult climb.”
“The room was rather small.”
Informal Emphasis
Used in casual speech to mean 'very' or 'quite'.
“I'm pretty tired today.”
“That's a pretty big house.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subj + Verb + Adv + Adj
|
It is quite cold.
|
|
Negative
|
Subj + Verb + not + Adv + Adj
|
It is not quite cold.
|
|
Question
|
Verb + Subj + Adv + Adj?
|
Is it quite cold?
|
|
Noun Modifier
|
Rather + a/an + Adj + Noun
|
It was rather a long day.
|
|
Adverb Modifier
|
Adv + Adv + Verb
|
He runs quite fast.
|
|
Short Answer
|
Yes, it is quite.
|
Is it cold? Yes, it is quite.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
The temperature is rather low. (Weather report)
The weather is quite cold. (Weather report)
It's pretty cold out. (Weather report)
It's freezing. (Weather report)
Intensity Scale
Low/Moderate
- Fairly Fairly
High
- Quite Quite
- Rather Rather
- Pretty Pretty
レベル別の例文
It is pretty hot.
Es ist ziemlich heiß.
The dog is fairly small.
Der Hund ist ziemlich klein.
I am quite tired.
Ich bin ziemlich müde.
The car is pretty fast.
Das Auto ist ziemlich schnell.
The test was quite difficult.
Der Test war ziemlich schwierig.
It is rather cold outside.
Es ist eher kalt draußen.
She is fairly good at tennis.
Sie ist ziemlich gut im Tennis.
The movie was pretty long.
Der Film war ziemlich lang.
I found the lecture rather boring.
Ich fand den Vortrag ziemlich langweilig.
The results were quite surprising.
Die Ergebnisse waren ziemlich überraschend.
It's a fairly common mistake.
Es ist ein ziemlich häufiger Fehler.
He is pretty well-known in his field.
Er ist ziemlich bekannt in seinem Bereich.
The proposal is rather ambitious, don't you think?
Der Vorschlag ist ziemlich ehrgeizig, findest du nicht?
I'm quite satisfied with the outcome.
Ich bin ziemlich zufrieden mit dem Ergebnis.
The situation is fairly complex.
Die Situation ist ziemlich komplex.
It was pretty much what I expected.
Es war ziemlich genau das, was ich erwartet hatte.
The evidence is rather compelling.
Die Beweise sind ziemlich überzeugend.
It is quite an extraordinary achievement.
Es ist eine ziemlich außergewöhnliche Leistung.
The policy is fairly restrictive.
Die Richtlinie ist ziemlich restriktiv.
He was rather dismissive of the concerns.
Er war ziemlich abweisend gegenüber den Bedenken.
The distinction is rather subtle.
Die Unterscheidung ist ziemlich subtil.
It is quite a remarkable turn of events.
Es ist eine ziemlich bemerkenswerte Wendung der Ereignisse.
The data is fairly robust.
Die Daten sind ziemlich robust.
It is rather a peculiar situation.
Es ist eine ziemlich eigenartige Situation.
間違えやすい
They look similar and sound slightly similar.
Both are intensifiers.
Pretty is an adverb here, but an adjective elsewhere.
よくある間違い
It is pretty very hot.
It is pretty hot.
The day long is pretty.
The day is pretty long.
It is quite cold, very.
It is quite cold.
He is fairly very tall.
He is fairly tall.
It is quite perfect.
It is perfect.
The movie was rather a long.
The movie was rather long.
I am pretty tired, very.
I am pretty tired.
That is quite a big.
That is quite big.
It is rather freezing.
It is freezing.
I am fairly sure, very.
I am fairly sure.
It is quite a unique.
It is unique.
The results were rather a surprising.
The results were rather surprising.
It is fairly impossible.
It is impossible.
文型パターン
It is ___ ___ today.
The test was ___ ___.
I found the book ___ ___.
The situation is ___ ___ than I expected.
Real World Usage
The weather is pretty nice today! #sunny
I'm pretty tired, see you later.
The project was rather challenging, but we succeeded.
The hotel is fairly clean and close to the center.
The delivery was quite fast.
The data is rather significant.
Use 'pretty' for friends
Avoid extreme adjectives
British vs American
Politeness
Smart Tips
Use 'rather' instead of 'pretty' to sound professional.
Use 'pretty' to sound natural and relaxed.
Use 'fairly' to be polite but honest.
Use 'quite' to show your reaction.
発音
Stress
Stress the adjective, not the adverb.
Falling
It's quite COLD.
Statement of fact.
暗記しよう
記憶術
F-Q-R-P: Fairly, Quite, Rather, Pretty. Think of a ladder: Fairly is the first step, the others are higher up.
視覚的連想
Imagine a thermometer. 'Fairly' is in the middle, 'Quite' and 'Rather' are near the top, and 'Pretty' is a casual sticker on the glass.
Rhyme
Fairly is mild, Quite is strong, Pretty is casual all day long.
Story
I felt fairly tired after the hike. It was quite a long walk, and the weather was rather unpredictable. My friend said, 'You look pretty exhausted!'
Word Web
チャレンジ
Describe your day using one of these adverbs for every activity you mention.
文化メモ
In the UK, 'quite' often means 'moderately' rather than 'very'.
In the US, 'quite' is often used to mean 'very'.
Using 'rather' is preferred in formal writing to show objectivity.
These adverbs evolved from Middle English intensifiers.
会話のきっかけ
How was your day?
What do you think of this movie?
Is the new project difficult?
How would you describe the current economic situation?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
The weather is ___ cold today.
Find and fix the mistake:
It is quite a perfect day.
The results were ___ surprising.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Es ist ziemlich heiß.
Answer starts with: It ...
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: How was the test? B: It was ___ difficult.
Use 'rather' and 'small'.
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesThe weather is ___ cold today.
Find and fix the mistake:
It is quite a perfect day.
The results were ___ surprising.
is / cold / quite / it
Es ist ziemlich heiß.
Fairly
A: How was the test? B: It was ___ difficult.
Use 'rather' and 'small'.
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
No, it is too informal. Use 'rather' or 'quite' instead.
It depends. In the US, it can mean 'very'. In the UK, it often means 'moderately'.
Perfect is an extreme adjective. You cannot have 'more' or 'less' perfect.
'Fairly' is more neutral. 'Rather' often implies a slight surprise or a more formal tone.
Always before the adjective: 'It is quite cold'.
No, they modify adjectives and adverbs, not verbs.
No, it can be an adjective meaning 'beautiful'. Context is key.
Use 'fairly' or 'rather' to soften your statements.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
bastante
Bastante can also mean 'enough'.
assez
Assez is more formal than 'pretty'.
ziemlich
Ziemlich is slightly more formal than 'pretty'.
kanari
Kanari is more emphatic than 'fairly'.
jiddan
Arabic uses post-positioning for intensifiers.
bijiao
Bijiao implies a comparison.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
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