C1 · 上級 チャプター 52

Advanced Nominalization

4 トータルルール
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

学べること

Covers complex derivation of abstract nouns. Explains technical and academic vocabulary formation.

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

Check the root

Always find the root word first to decide between ke-an and pe-an.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Abstract Nominalization
🎯

Use Nouns

In formal writing, nouns are your best friend.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Technical Vocabulary
🎯

The 'D' Rule

Always check if the root word has a 'd' in Dutch/English. If it does (like Standard), keep it in Indonesian: Standardisasi.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Academic Formation
💡

Identify the Root

Always find the base verb first. It makes choosing the affix easier.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Nominalization Nuances

クイック練習 (10)

Fill in the blank.

___ (adil) adalah hak.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Keadilan
Abstract state.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Abstract Nominalization

Which word is a result?

Which is a result?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Makanan
-an indicates a result.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Nominalization Nuances

Choose the correct agent noun.

Dia adalah seorang ___ (tulis).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: penulis
Agent needs pe-.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Abstract Nominalization

Fill in the blank with the correct nominalized form of 'bangun'.

___ jembatan itu selesai.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pembangunan
Process requires peN-an.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Nominalization Nuances

Which is an agent?

Which is an agent?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Penulis
PeN- indicates the person doing the action.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Nominalization Nuances

Fill in the blank with the correct noun.

___ (bahagia) itu penting.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kebahagiaan
Adjectives take ke-an.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Abstract Nominalization

Choose the process noun.

___ (bangun) gedung itu lama.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pembangunan
Process needs pe-an.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Abstract Nominalization

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Dia melakukan ke-baik.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kebaikan
Must use ke-an for abstract state.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Nominalization Nuances

Choose the correct standard spelling for 'Standardization' in Indonesian.

Pemerintah sedang melakukan ___ kurikulum.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Standardisasi
The standard form is 'Standardisasi', retaining the 'd' from the root word.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Academic Formation

Fix the nasalization.

Find and fix the mistake:

Petulis buku itu hebat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Penulis
T becomes N.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Abstract Nominalization

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

Ke-an is for states/qualities, pe-an is for processes/results.
It's a nasalization rule for flow.
Use it for international technical terms.
Because the root word is 'Standard'. Indonesian spelling rules for loanwords usually preserve the root's consonant structure from the source language (Dutch/English) before adding '-isasi'.
Technically yes, but it's usually reserved for formal or technical terms. Using it for daily activities like 'pramakan' (before eating) sounds very unnatural.
Indonesian is an agglutinative language. Affixes allow for precise meaning changes.
前のチャプター
Rhetorical Devices
次のチャプター
Syntactic Ambiguity
ロードマップに戻る