Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Kazakh personal pronouns replace nouns to identify who is performing an action; remember that 'Siz' is for respect.
- Use 'Men' for 'I' and 'Sen' for 'You' (informal). Example: Men studentpin.
- Use 'Siz' for 'You' (formal/plural). Example: Siz mughalimsiniz.
- Pronouns are often omitted in Kazakh because the verb ending shows the person. Example: (Men) baramin.
Pronoun Suffix Matching
| Pronoun | Meaning | Suffix Example (-pyn/min) | Full Form |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Men
|
I
|
-pyn
|
Men studentpin
|
|
Sen
|
You (inf)
|
-sing
|
Sen studentsing
|
|
Siz
|
You (form)
|
-siz
|
Siz studentsiz
|
|
Ol
|
He/She/It
|
None
|
Ol student
|
|
Biz
|
We
|
-piz
|
Biz studentpiz
|
|
Sender
|
You (pl)
|
-sender
|
Sender studentsender
|
Meanings
Personal pronouns are words used to substitute for names of people or things. In Kazakh, they are the foundation for building sentences.
Singular Subject
Identifying the speaker or the person being addressed.
“Men keldim.”
“Sen kimsing?”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Pronoun + Noun + Suffix
|
Men mughalimmin
|
|
Negative
|
Pronoun + Noun + emes + Suffix
|
Men mughalim emespin
|
|
Question
|
Pronoun + Noun + Suffix + ba/be
|
Sen mughalim-sing be?
|
|
Formal
|
Siz + Noun + Suffix
|
Siz mughalimsiniz
|
|
Plural
|
Biz + Noun + Suffix
|
Biz mughalimpiz
|
|
Short Answer
|
Suffix only
|
Iya, mughalimmin
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Qaliniz qalay? (Greeting)
Qaliniz qalay? (Greeting)
Qalin qalay? (Greeting)
Qalay? (Greeting)
Pronoun Hierarchy
Informal
- Sen You (friend)
Formal
- Siz You (respect)
Self
- Men I
レベル別の例文
Men studentpin.
I am a student.
Sen kimsing?
Who are you?
Siz mughalimsiniz.
You are a teacher.
Men baqittymin.
I am happy.
Men student emespin.
I am not a student.
Sen mektepte-sing be?
Are you at school?
Siz keldingiz be?
Did you arrive?
Men bugin baramin.
I am going today.
Maghan kitap ber.
Give me the book.
Meni kutiniz.
Wait for me.
Sizderge rahmet.
Thank you (plural).
Bizge kerek emes.
We don't need it.
Siz oiyngyzdy ayta alasiz ba?
Can you share your opinion?
Men ozim baramin.
I will go myself.
Sizderdi kutip turmiz.
We are waiting for you (plural).
Olar bizdi tanimaydi.
They don't know us.
Sizge degen qurmetim sheksiz.
My respect for you is boundless.
Menin oiymshe, bul durys.
In my opinion, this is correct.
Bizge osy kerek edi.
This is what we needed.
Sizderge jetkizetinim sol.
That is what I want to convey to you.
Sizden suraytynym, osy masele.
What I ask of you is this issue.
Menin jeke pikirim osy.
This is my personal opinion.
Bizge degen kózqaras ózgerdi.
The attitude towards us has changed.
Sizderdi osynda kóru quanyshty.
It is a pleasure to see you here.
間違えやすい
Learners often use 'Sen' with everyone.
Learners think they must use both.
Confusing 'we' and 'you plural'.
よくある間違い
Men student
Men studentpin
Sen mughalimsiniz
Sen mughalimsing
Siz bar
Siz barsiz
Men-sing
Sen-sing
Men keldi
Men keldim
Sizler
Sizder
Sen barasin ba?
Sen barasin ba?
Maghan-di
Meni
Biz baradi
Biz baramyz
Sizderin
Sizderding
Menin oiy
Menin oiyim
Sizge aytqan
Sizge aytqanym
Bizler
Biz
文型パターン
Men ___ -pin.
Sen ___ -sing?
Siz ___ -siz be?
Biz ___ -piz.
Real World Usage
Qalaising?
Sizge rahmet.
Maghan kofe beriniz.
Men qonaqpyin.
Senin sureting keremet!
Siz oqidyz ba?
Drop the Pronoun
Respect the Elder
Listen for the Suffix
Social Harmony
Smart Tips
Always start with 'Siz'.
Drop the pronoun to sound natural.
Listen for the vowel harmony.
Use 'Sizder' for plural respect.
発音
Vowel Harmony
Suffixes change based on the last vowel of the word.
Question
Sen barasin ba? ↑
Rising intonation at the end.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Men is 'Me', Sen is 'Send' (a message to a friend), Siz is 'Size' (the importance of the person).
視覚的連想
Imagine a mirror for 'Men', a handshake for 'Sen', and a bow for 'Siz'.
Rhyme
Men is I, Sen is you, Siz is formal, that is true!
Story
I (Men) walk into a room. I see my friend and say 'Sen'. Then I see the boss and bow, saying 'Siz'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 3 sentences about yourself using 'Men' and 3 sentences asking a friend questions using 'Sen'.
文化メモ
Using 'Siz' is essential for elders. It shows respect for the 'Aga' (older brother) or 'Apay' (older sister).
Turkic roots common to Central Asia.
会話のきっかけ
Senin atyng kim?
Siz qayda turasiz?
Siz ne isteisiz?
Biz qayda baramyz?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Men student___.
Which is formal?
Find and fix the mistake:
Sen mughalimsiniz.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
I am happy.
Answer starts with: Men...
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Use 'Siz' and 'mughalim'.
Biz (student)
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesMen student___.
Which is formal?
Find and fix the mistake:
Sen mughalimsiniz.
student / Men / pin
I am happy.
Men -> ?
Use 'Siz' and 'mughalim'.
Biz (student)
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
No, always use 'Siz'.
Because the suffix is enough.
No, it is also for plural.
People will understand, but it sounds unnatural.
English doesn't have formal/informal 'you'.
When talking about 'we'.
No, Kazakh is gender-neutral.
Talk to yourself in the mirror.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Tú/Usted
Kazakh uses suffixes more heavily.
Tu/Vous
French uses different verb forms, Kazakh uses suffixes.
Du/Sie
German is not pro-drop.
Anata/Omae
Kazakh is less complex than Japanese honorifics.
Anta/Antum
Kazakh pronouns are gender-neutral.
Ni/Nin
Chinese has no conjugation.
